One hundred and fifteen patients with rheumatic mi- tral stenosis were treated with Percutaneous Balloon Mi- tral Valvuloplasty (PBMV) from August,1988 to May, 1993.110 patient (94.5%) had successful operations. The observations showed that PBMV can enlarge the stenostic mitral orifice area over 1 time (from 1.04?0. 26cm to 2.08?0.32 cm,P

Aim To observe the effects of activation of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 ( ALDH2 ) by ethanol on testis injury of type 2 diabetic rats. Methods Type 2 diabetic rats model were established by high-fat diet combined with low-dose streptozotocin ( STZ ) injec-tions. After the success of modeling, the rats were ran-domly divided into 3 groups ( n =6 ): normal control group (NC), type 2 diabetes group (T2DM) and eth-anol+type 2 diabetes group (EtOH+T2DM). Rats of EtOH + T2DM were treated with low-dose ethanol, then rats of NC and T2 DM were given normal diet for 8 weeks. After 8 weeks, the levels of the fasting blood glucose ( FBG ) , glycosylated hemoglobin ( HbA1 c ) and testosterone were tested, and the ratio of testis weight to body weight ( TW/BW ) was calculated. Morphological changes of testis tissue were observed by optical microscope. The levels of ALDH2 mRNA and transforming growth factorβ1 ( TGF-β1 ) mRNA in tes-tis tissue were measured. The expression of TGF-β1 in testis tissue was observed by immunohistochemical stai-ning, then the positive rate of TGF-β1 was calculated. Results Compared with NC, the levels of FBG, HbA1 c and TW/BW increased significantly and the level of testosterone decreased significantly in T2DM. The morphological observation showed that some semi-niferous tubules atrophied, spermatogenic cells de-creased and arrangemented loosely, Leydig cells de-creased in testicular interstitial. The level of ALDH2 mRNA in testis tissue decreased significantly, and the level of TGF-β1 mRNA and the positive rate of TGF-β1 in testis tissue increased significantly. However, compared with T2DM, the levels of FBG, HbA1c and TW/BW decreased, and the level of testosterone in-creased and the damage of testis tissue was attenuated in EtOH+T2DM. The level of ALDH2 mRNA in testis tissue increased significantly, and the level TGF-β1 mRNA and the positive rate of TGF-β1 in testis tissue decreased significantly. Conclusion Activating AL-DH2 can protect testis in type 2 diabetic rats, which may be related to the downregulation of TGF-β1 ex-pression.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of barium stury of small bowel obstruction due to various bowel diseases.Methods Barium meal study and enteroclysis (small bowel enema)were performed in 23 patients with incomplete small bowel obstruction due to small bowel diseases confirmed by operation.The imaging data were retrospectively analysed.Results Of the 23 patients,14 cases were malignancy,9 cases were benignant.Conclusion Both barium meal study and enteroclysis( small bowel enema) with air-barium double-contrast technique are of diagnostic value in incomplete small bowel obstruction due to small bowel diseases.

Postgraduate education must be systematic and explicit.In recent years,the cultivation of domestic tertiary education for postgraduate students conducted a multi-disciplinary approach.This article give comment on the current postgraduate training objectives,methods,curriculum and training process,training instructors,and puts forward some problems to be discussed in depth.

Objective To develop a highly sensitive and accurate time-resolved immunofluorometric assay (TR-IFMA) for measurement of Dickkopf-1(DKK-1),as a novel serologic biomarker for lung cancer. Methods The study constructed a two-manoclonal-antibody "sandwich"-type assay and the sensitivity, within run CV and between run CV and accuracy were evaluated. Serum DKK-1 concentrations were measured by TR-IFMA in 120 healthy controls, in 72 benign lung disease patients, and in 212 lung cancer patients before surgery. The association between serum DKK-1 levels and clinicopathological features were evaluated. Results A standard curve for DKK-1 TR-IFMA had been developed with good sensitivity (0.08 μg/L). Both within run CV and between run CV were less than 6.5%. Accuracy studies, parallelism and precision data were determined and all found to be satisfactory. The validity of DKK-1 assay was confirmed by the good correlation between the results obtained by TR-IFMA and commercial ELISA (r=0.972, P=0.01). The serum levels of DKK-1 were higher in lung cancer patients 31.93(79.47-18.03) μg/L than in benign lung diseases 15.25(18.41-11.49) μg/L and in healthy controls 13. 90( 16. 91-11.02) μg/L DKK-1 levels were significant associated with the presence of distant metastases, as well as lymph node metastases and TNM stage, but not with patients' age, gender and tumor histology. At the cutoff of 22.63 μg/L, the diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the TR-IFMA for lung carcinoma were 68.4%, 92.2%, 82.1% ,90.6% and 72.5%. Diagnostic sensitivity and accuracy were higher for small cell carcinoma than for non-small cell carcinoma (70.7% vs 69.5% and 85.6% vs 80.7%, respectively). Conclusions A highly sensitive and reliable TR-IFMA for DKK-1 has been developed. The determination of serum DKK-1 levels may be useful for diagnosis and tumor staging of lung cancer.

Objective To investigate the dynamic changes of dengue viral loads and IgM antibody in patients with dengue fever ( DF) and to analyze their relationships with disease severity. Methods A to-tal of 1 508 serum samples were collected from 1 140 hospitalized patients including 1 050 mild cases and 90 severe cases within 10 days after the onset of DF in Guangzhou in 2014. The viral loads were determined by using fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR. ELISA was performed to measure the dengue virus ( DENV)-spe-cific IgM antibody. Results In general, the DENV viral loads in patients declined gradually from 108 copies/ml on day 1 to 103 copies/ml on day 10 after the onset of DF. The viral loads in severe cases were significantly higher than those in mild cases on days 5 to 7 (P<0. 05). The positive rates of DENV RNA in serum samples also decreased with the disease progression from 100% on day 1 to 40% on day 10. Com-pared with the mild cases, the patients with severe DF showed higher positive rates of DENV RNA on day 6 and day 8 (P<0. 05). The DENV-specific IgM antibody could be detected on day 2 and the secretion of IgM antibody increased gradually with the disease progression. The levels of IgM antibody in mild cases were sig-nificantly higher than those in severe cases (P<0. 001). The positive rates of IgM antibody in patients in-creased form 8% on day 2 to 95% on day 6. Higher positive rates of IgM antibody were detected in mild ca-ses on days 5 and 6 as compared with those in patients with severe DF (P<0. 05). Conclusion High viral load and low level of IgM antibody during the fastigium of DF were closely associated with the disease severity.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of early application of nimodipine on a large area cerebral infarction after severe traumatic brain injury operation.Methods Fifty-one patients with severe head injury after large area cerebral infarction were as treatment group who hospitalized from January 2009 to January 2012,and 48 hospitalized cases as the control group from January 2005 to January 2008.The patients in control group were received drugs to decrease intracranial pressure,and enhance nerve nutrition therapy,while in the treatment group,beside the therapy method of control group,were received nimodipine intravenously by micro-pump for 10 days,and then oral administration for 10 days.Plasma endothelin-1 was detected at 0,5th,7th,14th day days after hospitalization.Dopple was pplied to record the middle cerebral artery (MCA) peak systolic velocity(Vp) of the injured side for 7 d.Glasgow outcome score(GOS) was recorded in the 3 months follow-up.The awakening time was recorded consciousness.Results At 21 st day after treatment,22 cases were died in the treatment group and survival patients with cerebral vasospasm were 14 cases (48.28％,14/29).However,30 cases were died in control group and cerebral vasospasm(CVS) of survival patients was 15 cases (83.33％,15/18),significantly higher than that in treatment group (x2 =5.78,P ＜ 0.05).The variable tendencies of Vp,plasma endothelin-1 and the intracranial pressure were significantly different between the treatment group and the control group (Vp:F group =276.27,Ftime =603.54,F interactive =85.68 ; plasma endothelin-1:F grouP =281.16,F time =608.32,F interactive =87.45 ; intracranial pressure:F grouP =326.58,F time =78.63,F interactive =27.39 ; P ＜ 0.05).Mter 3 months of treatment,the value of GOS was significandy higher in treatment group than that of control group (x2 =4.76,P ＜ 0.05).Furthermore through three months treatment,the effective rate in treatment group was higher than that in the control group (52.94％ (27/51) vs.(31.25％ (15/48)),the awakening periods was shorter than that in control group((20.7 ±6.5) d vs.(27.8 ± 7.6) d,t =3.19,P ＜ 0.05)).Conclusion Early applications of nimodipine treatment after severe traumatic brain injury patients with massive cerebral infarction can significantly improve the clinical efficacy and shorten the duration of coma.

Objective: To study the expression of hepatocyte growth factor(HGF) in acute pulmonary embolism, and the diagnostic value of HGF thereof. Methods: The acute autoblood pulmonary thromboembolism was used to establish rat pulmonary embolism model. There were blood plasma HGF detection group,organization HGF mRNA detection group and control group respectively. The expressions of plasma HGF and organization HGF were observed during the different periods of acute pulmonary embolism. Results:The expression of HGF was much higher in blood plasma HGF detection group than that of control group at different time points(P ＜ 0.01). The expression of HGF mRNA increased in organization HGF detection group compared with that of control group at 12 h after pulmonary embolism(P ＜ 0.01). Conclusion: The expression of HGF increased in acute pulmonary embolism, which can be used as a diagnosis indicator in acute pulmonary embolism.

Objective To measure stress distribution of the main bone architecture of the normal adult cadaveric foot and discuss the effect of plantar ligament injury on stress distribution. Methods Seven fresh adult cadaveric feet were used and 10 strain gauges attached to the bones of the longitudinal foot arch,including the calcaneus,navicular,medial cuneiform,1-5 metatarsal trunk,the distal part of the tibia and fibular,respectively.After the loading Was added to 700 N by almighty test machine,resistance strainmeter was used to measure surface strain of these bones.The results were processed statistically. Results The strain was varied based on different bone segments attached and increased with loading.Tensile force was always found at the medial part of the navicular,the distal part of the tibia and fibular,while the others showed compression all the time.Peak strain was found at calcaneus.followed by the second and third metatarsal.Strain on the surface of the bone segments changed greatly with different ligament injury(P＜0.05).Conclusion The bone surface stress of the longitudinal foot arch changes significantly when the plantar ligament is injured.

Aim To study the vasodilation of MS23,a brand new phosphodiesteras inhibitor,on contractions induced by various stimuli in rings of arteries isolated from rat different organs.Method Tension of aortic and microvessel rings were recorded isometrically by PowerLab and DMT system respectively.Results MS23 concentration-dependently shifted the noradrenaline(NA)-induced concentration-contraction curves rightward in a non-parallel manner with the maximal contraction depressed by 74.7%.MS23 and aminophylline(Ami) produced concentration-dependent relaxation on KCl or NA-induced precontraction.Endothelium deprivation and NO synthesis inhibition induced by L-NAME failed to affect the relaxation.MS23 and Ami relaxed KCl-induced precontraction of rat coronary,middle cerebral,renal and mesenteric arterial rings in a concentration-dependent manner,and showed no organ preference in this respect.Conclusion MS23 antagonizes and relaxes contractions induced by various stimuli in the rings of arteries isolated from different organs of rat without marked preference among the organ origin of artery and stimuli.The vasorelaxation induced by MS23 is related neither to endothelium nor to nitric oxide synthesis.