Using immunoenzymatic technique,we have observed the localization ofimmunoglobulins in human palatine tonsils,of patients suffering from chronictonsilitis and hyperplasia.The result as follows:1.Epithelium:The outer surface of tonsil is lined by stratified squamous epithelium,the epithelium rarely shows keratinization and lacks a well-defind and continuousbasement membrane.In the basal layer of epithelium,it is reticular structure andspaces between the cords of epithelium cells are filled with Ig~+ lymphocytes andplasma cells,the reticular structure is particularly pronounced near the crypts.Thisspecial structure is regarded as an expression of active immune function.In thesuperficial layer of epithelium,the predominate cells are Ig~- small lymphocytes,maybe T lymphocytes.2.Follicle:All follicles have germinal centres,especially hyperplastic tonsils.The follicle has polarity,each follicle may be divided into three Zones(a b c),twozones(a b)form the centre of the follicle and the thired(c)is the mass of smalllymphocytes“capping”and enclosing the centre.The upper limits of zone(c)areoften indistinct,from the presence of many lymphocytes in the epithelium.Thedistribution of Ig~+ cells in follicle are different from their three zones.In the centre,IgG cells are most numerous,next most numerous are IgA~+ cells,and considerablyfewer IgM positive cells.In the c zone,only a few Ig~+ cells are seen(IgG IgM).Itis found that the germinal centre may produce more than one type of Ig,it differsfrom the report of Sordat,but quite agrees with Curran's result.However the numbersof cells containing the various types of Ig show a great difference.3.Other lymphoid tissue:The tissue between the follicles are rich in small Tlymphocytes and a few Ig~+ containing cells,this area was called thymic dependentarea.At an older age,this region is always enlarged,but the density of the cellswill decrease,meanwhile much connective tissues are seen in the stroma.

Objective To report the experience of using rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flap after open-window thoracosto- my in managing refractory chronic pleural empyema.Methods From Nov.2004 to Mar.2006,intrathoracic transplantation of the musculocutaneous flap was performed successfully in 4 patients with empyema and fistula after upper lobectomy.The myocutaneous flap was designed in such a way that epigastrica vessels were incorporated.Results The rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap has provided sufficient bulk for tract obliteration.Over a mean follow-up period of 10 months,patients are free from recurrent infections and skin nacrosis.Conclusion Vaseularized museulocutaneous flap may help in healing refractory empyema.

Objective To investigate the effects of inhaled low dose nitric oxide(NO)on lung ischemia-reperfusion injury during flush and delayed 10 min after reperfusion.Methods Sixty health a- dult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated to the control and the NO group.Before the donor lung was harvested,the right hilus was clipped for 5 min(clipping test),then blood sample was collected from carotid artery for arterial blood gas analysis as baseline.Lung transplantation was per- formed in a“cuff-like”vessel anastomosis technique.Dynamic compliance(Cdyn)and resistance of airway(Raw)were monitored before operation(baseline)and after 2-h reperfusion.The graft's gas exchange and oxygenation were assessed by“clipping test”after 2-h reperfusion.The lung graft was harvested for measuring wet/dry weight ratio(W/D),the activity of myeloperoxidase(MPO)and in- ducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS),the content of malonyldialdehyde(MDA),and the expression of iNOS gene and protein.Results After 2-h reperfusion,compared to the control group,PaO_2/FiO_2, OI,and Qs/Qt were improved significantly in the NO group(277?91 vs.157?47,P＜0.01;2.67?0.89 vs.4.72?1.48,P＜0.01;21.1?4.57 vs.27.1?2.37,P＜0.01,respectively).The activi- ties of MPO were significantly reduced in NO group(1.80?0.46 vs 3.08?0.65 U/g tissue,P＜0.01).The content of MDA in the lung tissue of NO group was significantly higher than that of the control group(34.8?7.9 vs.20.0?11.2 nmol/mg protein,P＜0.05).Inflammatory cell infiltration was also significantly reduced(P＜0.05).The expression of iNOS gene and protein in the lung tissue of NO group was significantly lower than that of the control group.The activities of iNOS were also significantly reduced in NO group(10.6?10.2 vs 97.8?82.2 nmol?g~(-1)?min~(-1),P＜0.05).The im- munohistochemical positive staining of iNOS was localized in the alveolar epithelial cells and the in- flammatory cells infiltrated in the alveolar spaces and mesenchymal tissue.But there were no signifi- cant differences between two groups in Cdyn,Raw and W/D ratio.Conclusion Inhaled low dose NO might mitigate the intrapulmonary shunt,prevent neutrophil sequestration,inhibit the expression of iNOS gene and protein in isograft,thereby ameliorate ischemia-reperfusion injury and improve the ox- ygenation of the graft.

OBJECTIVETo study in vitro and in vivo protein expression and biological function of gene pp1158, a hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)-related gene.

METHODSpp1158 was expressed with fusion expression vector pET-32a in E. Coli-BL21 (DE3), and rabbit anti-pp1158 fusion protein polyclonal antibody was prepared. The biological function and differential expressions of pp1158 were studied by in vitro colony formation assay nude mouse in vivo tumor formation assay of transfected BEL7402 cell line and immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Differential expression of pp1158 in human fetal tissues were examined by Northern blot.

RESULTSIn vitro experiment showed that pp1158 inhibited colony formation rate of transfected BEL 7402 cells, with an inhibition rate of 58.3% (P < 0.01). Tumor formation assay indicated that tumor formation of pCMV-Script-1158 transfected BEL 7402 cell line was significantly inhibited (P < 0.05) as compared with that of the control group. Immunohistochemical assay showed that pp1158 was expressed in human tissue in the following sequence: normal liver >/= noncancerous liver tissue > HCC. Western blot indicated that a 60kD protein (pp1158 protein) was expressed in BEL 7402 cells transfected with pCMV-Script-pp1158 DNA, while it was detected in BEL 7402 cells transfected with pCMV-Script vector DNA. Northern blot showed pp1158 was expressed in the placenta at a very high level, heart, liver, muscle, pancreas and lung but expressed poorly in the brain and kidney.

CONCLUSIONpp1158 is a new candidate tumor suppressor gene of HCC.

Angiopoietin-like 4 Protein ; Angiopoietins ; Animals ; Blotting, Northern ; Blotting, Western ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Humans ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Liver Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neoplasm Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Neoplasms, Experimental ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Proteins ; genetics ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Transplantation, Heterologous ; Tumor Cells, Cultured

Objective:To identify age and gender standardized body mass index among children and adolescents and explore their associations with high blood pressure (HBP) in late adolescence.Methods:The current study was based on the Health Promotion Program for Children and Adolescents, school-based surveillance successively conducted from 2012 to 2019 in Suzhou, China. A total of 11 812 children and adolescents aged 16-18 years, who had &ge;4 examination records during 2012-2018 and were also involved in a surveillance program in 2019, were included. Latent class growth mixture modeling was used to identify the BMI-Z trajectories in different genders, and multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the associations between different BMI-Z trajectories and risk of HBP in late adolescence.Results:Six distinct BMI-Z trajectories were determined for both genders:thin, slightly thin,standard, declining, overweight, and obese. Compared with the regular group, the obesity group had 94.0% ( OR=1.94, 95% CI: 1.43-2.63) and 107.0% ( OR=2.07, 95% CI: 1.33-3.22) increased risk of developing HBP in late adolescence in boys and girls, respectively. However, a neutral association was found between the descending group and HBP in late adolescence. Conclusions:Persistent obesity in children may increase the risk of HBP in their late adolescence. If an obese child restores normal weight before late adolescence, the risk of HBP may reduce.

Objective To discuss the clinical efficacy of surgical treatment of pathologic vertebral surgery for thoracic and lumbar tuberculosis. Methods All of 322 cases of thoracic and lumbar spinal tuberculosis patients from December 2003 to June 2014 were retrospectively analyzed in our department. All patients were underwent debridement, fusion and nerve decompres?sion surgery. According to different fixed methods, patients were divided into pathologic vertebral surgery group (fixation complet?ed within lesions invaded motion unit) including 91 males and 100 females, with an average age of 41.53 years, and non?pathologic vertebral surgery group (long segments or short segment fixation) including 61 males and 70 females, with an average age of 42.72 years. We observed the tuberculosis cure rate, degrees of deformity, pain and neurological recovery, operative time, blood loss and complications by follow?up. Results The average follow?up time was 75.52 months in pathologic vertebral surgery group and 76.21 months in non?pathologic vertebral surgery group. The total number of pathologic vertebras in pathologic vertebral surgery group and non?pathologic vertebral surgery group were 277 and 218 respectively, and the average was 1.45 and 1.66. The total number of fixed segments was 277 in pathologic vertebral surgery group and 485 in non?pathologic vertebral surgery group, and the average fixed segments was 1.45 and 3.70. The cure rate was 85.86%in pathologic vertebral surgery group and 85.49%in non?pathologic vertebral surgery group at 6 months postoperatively, and 98.95%and 98.47%at the last follow?up time, with no signifi?cant difference between groups. Graft fusion rate was 89.00%in pathologic vertebral surgery group and 89.31%in non?pathologic vertebral surgery group 6 months postoperatively, 98.38%and 98.47%at the last follow?up time, without significant difference. In lumbar spine, the average correction of Cobb's angle was 12.4° in pathologic vertebral surgery group and 13.1° in non?pathologic vertebral surgery group, and the average angle loss was 1.3 and 1.4°, with no significant difference. In thoracolumbar, the average correction of Cobb’s angle was 10.9°in pathologic vertebral surgery group and 11.1°in non?pathologic vertebral surgery group, and the average angle loss was 1.7°and 1.5° respectively, without significant difference. However, in thoracic, the average correction of Cobb's angle was 10.2° in pathologic vertebral surgery group and 12.7° in non?pathologic vertebral surgery group, and the average angle loss was 3.6° and 2.5°respectively, with significant difference. The mean operation time was 210.45 min in pathologic verte?bral surgery group and 210.45 min in non?pathologic vertebral surgery group, with significant difference. The average blood loss was 726.12 ml in pathologic vertebral surgery group and 726.12 ml in non?pathologic vertebral surgery group, with significant dif?ference. The complication rate was 11.51%in pathologic vertebral surgery group and 11.45%in non?pathologic vertebral surgery group, with no significant difference. Conclusion Pathologic vertebral surgery surgery is a safe, effective and feasible method of operation for treatment of thoracic and lumbar tuberculosis, which can effectively preserve adjacent normal vertebral motion unit features. The thoracic surgery was less satisfactory than the lumbar and thoracolumbar surgery.

Objective To investigate the effects of Gonglaomu external lotion on wound healing,sinus depth and pituitary prolactin(PRL)in patients with non-lactating mastitis(NMP)in the late stage of ulceration.Methods A total of 140 patients with NMP in the late stage of ulceration were se-lected and divided into observation group(n=70)and control group(n=70).Image J software was used to calculate the wound area before and after treatment,and the amount of exudation was recor-ded;the sinus depth was measured with silver probe before and after treatment;the level of PRL was detected by chemiluminescence before and after treatment;the efficacy,wound area,exudate volume,sinus depth and PRL level were compared between the two groups.Results The total effective rate of the observation group was higher than that of the control group;after treatment,the wound area and exu-dation volume of the observation group were lower than those of the control group;after treatment,the si-nus depth in the observation group was lower than that in the control group;the PRL in both groups de-creased after treatment,and the PRL of the observation group was lower than that of the control group;the recurrence rate in the observation group was lower than that in the control group;all the between-group differences mentioned above were statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion Gonglaomu external lotion can effectively improve condition of wound healing,sinus depth and PRL level in pa-tients with NMP in the late stage of ulceration.

Objective To investigate the effects of Gonglaomu external lotion on wound healing,sinus depth and pituitary prolactin(PRL)in patients with non-lactating mastitis(NMP)in the late stage of ulceration.Methods A total of 140 patients with NMP in the late stage of ulceration were se-lected and divided into observation group(n=70)and control group(n=70).Image J software was used to calculate the wound area before and after treatment,and the amount of exudation was recor-ded;the sinus depth was measured with silver probe before and after treatment;the level of PRL was detected by chemiluminescence before and after treatment;the efficacy,wound area,exudate volume,sinus depth and PRL level were compared between the two groups.Results The total effective rate of the observation group was higher than that of the control group;after treatment,the wound area and exu-dation volume of the observation group were lower than those of the control group;after treatment,the si-nus depth in the observation group was lower than that in the control group;the PRL in both groups de-creased after treatment,and the PRL of the observation group was lower than that of the control group;the recurrence rate in the observation group was lower than that in the control group;all the between-group differences mentioned above were statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion Gonglaomu external lotion can effectively improve condition of wound healing,sinus depth and PRL level in pa-tients with NMP in the late stage of ulceration.

Objective: Systematic review and analyze the domestic and foreign research literatures on interventional measures for pathological breast engorgement, and explore the differences between intervention measures for pathological breast engorgement at home and abroad, and provide reference and new ideas for further optimization of breast intervention measures in China. Methods: Scientifically search the domestic and foreign research literatures on pathological breast engorgement intervention measures, import the search data into Citespace and VOS viewer to achieve co-occurrence analysis, and then systematically analyze the literature at the core node in the co-occurrence map. Results: A total of 384 articles (267 foreign ones; 117 articles in China) were included in this study. The main themes of foreign research hotspots are: female, adult, first child, lymphedema, inflammation, breast basic diseases, breast tumors and time-influencing factors are mainly concerned with the exploration of high-risk influencing factors and early intervention of breast-related tumor diseases. Domestic research hotspots mainly focus on nursing interventions as the main intervention measures and effects evaluation. The content analysis in the core literature shows that foreign studies are mainly based on cohort studies, including the topical application of progesterone, psychological intervention, and breastfeeding time factors. Domestic research is mainly based on experimental research, mainly using massage techniques. Improvement, comparison of different external dressings as the main intervention. Conclusions At present, both domestic and foreign research have carried out active exploration and comparative research on the external materials and achieved certain results. The current study of postpartum breast engorgement in China needs to be further explored based on large samples and cohort studies.

ObjectiveTo observe the intervention effect of Fufang Kangjiaolv capsules on anxiety-like behaviors in the rat model of chronic restraint stress （CRS） and explore the mechanism underlying the anti-anxiety effect via the microbiota-gut-brain axis. MethodsRats were assigned into blank， model， positive drug （diazepam， 1 mg·kg^-1）， and low-， medium-， and high-dose （0.75， 1.5， 3 g·kg^-1， respectively） Fufang Kangjiaolv capsules groups. After 14 days of administration， the elevated plus maze test， open field test， light and dark box test， and marble burying test were performed. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was employed to observe the pathological changes in the hippocampus and colon of rats， and Nissl staining was conducted to observe the damage of hippocampal neurons. The gut microbiota was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was employed to determine the mRNA levels of zonula occludens-1 （ZO-1） and occludin in the colon of rats. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， and interleukin-1β （IL-1β） in the colon， serum， and hippocampus were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Western blot was employed to determine the protein levels of ZO-1， occludin， nuclear factor-κB p65 （NF-κB p65） in the colon tissue and NF-κB p65 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF） in the hippocampal tissue. ResultsCompared with the blank group， the model group showed reductions in the time and frequency ratio of rats entering the elevated plus maze， the time and frequency of rats entering the central area of the open field， the time of entering the open box， the times of passing through the light and dark box， and the number of unburied beads （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， Fufang Kangjiaolv capsules ameliorated the anxiety of the model rats to varying degrees， and the high-dose group had the best effect， with increases in the proportions of time and frequency of rats entering the open arm in the elevated plus maze （P<0.05）， the number of rats entering the central area in the open field （P<0.05）， the time of entering the open box， the times of passing through the light and dark boxes， and the number of unburied beads （P<0.01）. Moreover， the high-dose group showed alleviated pathological damage of hippocampal neurons and colon. The results of 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that the model group had increased relative abundance of Firmicutes， Deferribacterota， Romboutsia， and Phascolarctobacterium， while it had decreased relative abundance of Bavcteroidota and Lactobacillus. The drug administration groups showed increased relative abundance of Bavcteroidota， Bacteroides， norank f norank o Clostridia UCG-014， and Blautia and decreased relative abundance of Firmicutes and Deferribacterota. Compared with the blank group， the model group showed down-regulated protein and mRNA levels of ZO-1 and occludin in the colon （P<0.01）， elevated levels of TNF-α， IL-6， and IL-β in the colon， serum， and hippocampus （P<0.01）， up-regulated protein level of NF-κB p65 in the colon and hippocampus （P<0.01）， and down-regulated protein level of BDNF in the hippocampus （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， high-dose Fufang Kangjiaolv capsules up-regulated the mRNA levels of ZO-1 and occludin in the colon （P<0.01）， lowered the levels of TNF-α， IL-6， and IL-β in the colon， serum， and hippocampus （P<0.01）， up-regulated the protein levels of ZO-1 （P<0.01） and occludin （P<0.05） in the colon， down-regulated the protein level of NF-κB p65 in the colon and hippocampus （P<0.05）， and up-regulated the protein level of BDNF in the hippocampus. ConclusionFufang Kangjiaolv capsules can reduce the anxiety-like behaviors in the rat model of CRS by regulating the gut microbiota disturbance， up-regulating the expression of tight junction proteins in the colon， repairing intestinal mucosal mechanical barrier， and down-regulating NF-κB/BDNF signaling pathway， thereby reducing peripheral and central inflammation. This study proves the hypothesis that Fufang Kangjiaolv capsules play an anti-anxiety role via the microbiota-gut-brain axis， providing a new idea for further research.