Attention deficit hyperactive disorder(ADHD) is one of the commonest behavioral disorders in children and adolescents.Its etiology and pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated.The diagnosis of ADHD is based on the description of parents and teachers.Previous validation studies have found that the EEG of ADHD children with an increase in theta power and a decrease in alpha and beta power.This review attempts to delineate the characteristic of EEG in ADHD children and discuss its potential clinical significance.

Objective:To summarize the 10 year clinical experience of treating tibiafibular fractures with rectangle shaped intramedullary nails(RIN). Methods:From January 1987 to December 1996, 4 682 cases (3 278 male and 1 404 female) of tibiafibular fractures from 9 hospitals were treated with RIN . Three kinds of reduction methods including open reduction, semi open reduction and closed reduction were used during operation. Results:Results showed 2 173 cases (62.89%) got excellent result, 947 got good (27.40%), 214 got moderate (6.19%), 121 got poor (3.50%). The total healing rate was 90.29%. Conclusion:RIN has excellent biological characteristics which can provide a flexible interfixation when treating tibiafibular fractures, and the operation is simple, it also can be used for severe open fractures. RIN is one of the good techniques in treating tibiafibular fractures.

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Immunotherapy has achieved objective response rates of 20%-30% in patients with recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma, but fewer people are benefiting. Studies have shown that patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma carrying high expression of programmed death-1/programmed death-ligand 1 and/or high tumor mutation burden have a significant response to immunotherapy. Biomarkers of the tumor microenvironment, especially tumor infiltrating lymphocyte, are abundant in nasopharyngeal carcinoma, varying from different Epstein-Barr virus states, which can also play a predictive role of immunotherapy efficacy. Other biomarkers, such as mismatch repair-deficient, have a low incidence in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and limited predictive power. Combined detection of different types of immunotherapeutic biomarkers is more helpful to identify suitable populations for immunotherapy.

Objective:To analyze the expression of P-selectin and thrombopoietin (TPO) in patients with glioma, and explore their correlation with severity of disease.Methods:One hundred and six patients with glioma who were treated in the Third People's Hospital of Dalian City from June 2017 to June 2019 were selected as the observation group, and 50 physical examination person in the same period were selected as the healthy control group. The clinic data of patients in two groups were analyzed.Results:The serum P-selectin and TPO levels in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the healthy control group: (62.35 ± 16.71) μg/L vs. (25.42 ± 9.18) μg/L, (12.64 ± 3.26) μg/L vs. (6.93 ± 1.77) μg/L ( P<0.01). In patients with different severity of glioma, serum P-selectin and TPO levels in the high-grade group were significantly higher than those in the low-level group: (65.14 ± 17.19) μg/L vs. (53.71 ± 15.26) μg/L, (14.57 ± 3.38) μg/L vs. (9.04 ± 1.97) μg/L ( P<0.01). Serum P-selectin and TPO levels in patients with glioma after treatment were significantly lower than those before treatment: (57.28 ± 16.22) μg/L vs. (62.35 ± 16.71) μg/L, (10.85 ± 2.97) μg/L vs. (12.64 ± 3.26) μg/L ( P<0.01). Spearman correlation analysis result showed that there was a significant positive correlation between serum P-selectin, TPO levels and WHO classification in patients with glioma ( r = 0.417 and 0.361, P<0.05). The results of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that the area under curve (AUC) of serum P-selectin in the diagnosis of glioma was 0.859 (95% CI 0.794 to 0.910, P<0.01), the sensitivity was 90.00%, and the specificity was 74.53%. The ROC curve analysis result showed that the AUC of serum TPO in the diagnosis of glioma was 0.720 (95% CI 0.643 to 0.789, P<0.01), the sensitivity was 69.81%, and the specificity was 72.00%. Conclusions:Serum P-selectin and TPO are abnormally expressed in glioma patients, and their level changes are related to the severity of the disease.

Objective:To construct a eukaryotic expression vector for bacteriophage D29 LysinB/Holin fusion protein and study its bactericidal efficacy against Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( Mtb) in a cell infection model. Methods:A recombinant plasmid pET32a-LysinB was constructed and induced to express LysinB. The polyclonal antibody against LysinB was prepared after the purification of LysinB. A recombinant plasmid pcDNA3.1(+ )-LysinB/Holin was constructed and transfected into mononuclear macrophages RAW264.7. After the expression of the prepared polyclonal antibody was identified, a cell infection model was established and the bactericidal efficacy of LysinB/Holin fusion protein was measured by acid-fast staining and colony counting.Results:The polyclonal antibody against LysinB was successfully prepared. The recombinant plasmid pcDNA3.1(+ )-LysinB/Holin could effectively express LysinB/Holin fusion protein in eukaryotic cells without inducing significant cytotoxicity. LysinB/Holin fusion protein was effective in killing Mtb in cells. Conclusions:The recombinant plasmid pcDNA3.1(+ )-LysinB/Holin has a better killing effect on intracellular Mtb without inducing obvious cytotoxicity against eukaryotic cells, showing a potential in the treatment of tuberculosis.

Objective:To establish the reference values of stimulation single fiber electromyography (SFEMG) in orbicularis oculi, and to explore its sensitivity in repetitive nerve stimulation (RNS) negative ocular myasthenia gravis (OMG) patients, and the relationship between jitter and various clinical parameters.Methods:Thirty-two healthy volunteers were included to establish the reference value of normal controls from January 2019 to December 2019. From December 2019 to January 2023, 36 OMG patients with negative RNS were collected. Quantitative MG score (QMGS) was performed, neostigmine test and antibody titers as well as thymus CT results were recorded. One side of the orbicularis oculi muscle was tested with a disposable concentric needle electrode in stimulation SFEMG, and the mean consecutive difference (MCD) value was calculated, which was compared with the average MCD value and upper limit of individual values in normal controls to evaluate whether the jitter was abnormal. Spearman correlation analysis of abnormal mean MCD values with QMGS and antibody titer was conducted.Results:Among the 32 healthy volunteers, there were 13 males and 19 females, the age was (46.8 ±18.7) years, and the MCD was (19.0 ±4.4) μs. The upper limit of the reference value was 27.7 μs for average MCD, and 37.4 μs for 10% individual values. Among 36 OMG patients negative at RNS tests, 20 were male and 16 were female, with a age of (37.2 ±17.0) years. The MCD was (29.9 ±14.7) μs, and Jitter was abnormal in 29 patients (81%). Among them, 20 (20/25) patients were antibody positive, 6 (6/26) patients had thymic hyperplasia, and 7 (7/26) patients had thymoma. The QMGS was 3(2, 4). There were 7 patients (19%) with normal jitter, whose QMGS was 3(2, 4). Among the patients with normal Jitter, 5 (5/5) patients were antibody positive, 2 (2/6) patients had thymic hyperplasia. There was no statistically significant difference in clinical indicators between the two groups of patients with abnormal or normal jitter. There was no significant correlation in antibody titer or QMGS with abnormal mean MCD value. Conclusions:The upper limit of the mean MCD value in the normal controls is 27.7 μs. The upper limit of a single value is 37.4 μs. Its sensitivity for OMG patients with RNS negative is 81%, and the abnormal mean MCD value does not show a significant correlation with various clinical indicators. Abnormal jitter indicates dysfunction of neuromuscular junction transmission, which is an important neuroelectrophysiological indicator for MG patients and is suitable for RNS negative patients. Orbicularis oculi muscle stimulation SFEMG provides a reliable and sensitive electrophysiological means for functional evaluation of neuromuscular junction.

Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide and is the most common cancer in males. Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) that target programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) or programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) have achieved impressive efficacy in the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (Pardoll, 2012; Champiat et al., 2016; Gao et al., 2022). Although ICIs are usually well tolerated, they are often accompanied by immune-related adverse events (irAEs) (Doroshow et al., 2019). Non-specific activation of the immune system produces off-target immune and inflammatory responses that can affect virtually any organ or system (O'Kane et al., 2017; Puzanov et al., 2017). Compared with adverse events caused by chemotherapy, irAEs are often characterized by delayed onset and prolonged duration and can occur in any organ at any stage of treatment, including after cessation of treatment (Puzanov et al., 2017; von Itzstein et al., 2020). They range from rash, pneumonitis, hypothyroidism, enterocolitis, and autoimmune hepatitis to cardiovascular, hematological, renal, neurological, and ophthalmic irAEs (Nishino et al., 2016; Kumar et al., 2017; Song et al., 2020). Hence, we conducted a retrospective study to identify validated factors that could predict the magnitude of the risk of irAEs in patients receiving PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors; our approach was to analyze the correlation between the clinical characteristics of patients at the start of treatment and relevant indicators such as hematological indices and the risk of developing irAEs. Then, we developed an economical, practical, rapid, and simple model to assess the risk of irAEs in patients receiving ICI treatment, as early as possible.
Male ; Humans ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/drug therapy* ; Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy* ; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/adverse effects* ; Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor ; Retrospective Studies ; Apoptosis