ObjectiveTo investigate the application value of Qingre Huashi Sanjie enema prescription in the treatment of the patients with sequelae of pelvic inflammatory disease （syndrome of combined dampness，heat，and stasis） and the effects of this prescription on inflammatory mediators and T lymphocyte subsets. MethodThe patients with sequelae of pelvic inflammatory disease （syndrome of combined dampness，heat，and stasis） treated from May 2022 to August 2023 were included in this study and randomized into two groups （79 cases）. The control group was treated with conventional Western medicine，and the observation group was treated with Qingre Huashi Sanjie enema prescription on the basis of the therapy in the control group. Both groups were treated for 12 weeks. The serum levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 （MCP-1），transforming growth factor-β₁ （TGF-β₁），and interleukin-6 （IL-6） were measured by enzyme linked immunoserbent assay （ELISA） before and after treatment in both groups. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate （ESR） and fibrinogen （FIB） were measured by an automatic blood rheology analyzer before and after treatment in both groups. The serum levels of CD4⁺，CD4⁺/CD8⁺ before and after treatment in both groups were measured by flow cytometry. The traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） symptom score and the 36-item short form survey （SF-36） score were assessed before and after treatment. The uterine artery resistance index （RI），uterine artery pulsatility index （PI），and uterine artery peak systolic velocity （PSV） were measured by Doppler before and after treatment. The clinical efficacy and the occurrence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. ResultAfter treatment，the levels of MCP-1，TGF-β₁，IL-6，ESR，and FIB decreased in both groups （P<0.01），and the decreases were larger in the observation group than in the control group （P<0.05，P<0.01）. After treatment，the serum levels of CD4⁺ and CD4⁺/CD8⁺ elevated in both groups （P<0.01） and the observation group had higher levels of CD4⁺ and CD4⁺/CD8⁺ than the control group （P<0.05，P<0.01）. The treatment in both groups decreased the TCM symptom score and TCM sign score and increased the SF-36 score （P<0.01），and the changes were more significant in the observation group than in the control group （P<0.05，P<0.01）. In addition，the treatment lowered RI and PI and elevated PSV （P<0.01），and the changes in these indicators were more significant in the observation group than in the control group （P<0.01）. The total response rate in the observation group was 93.67% （74/79），which was higher than that （79.75%，63/79） in the control group （χ²=6.645，P<0.05）. There was no significant difference in the occurrence of adverse reactions between the two groups. ConclusionFor the patients with sequelae of pelvic inflammatory disease （syndrome of combined dampness，heat，and stasis），Qingre Huashi Sanjie enema prescription can reduce inflammation，attenuate hypercoagulability，improve hemodynamics，and regulate the immune function，demonstrating a definite therapeutic effect.

Objective To investigate the modulatory effect of Yulian Pills(composed of Coptidis Rhizoma and Euodiae Fructus)on splenic memory follicular T helper cell(mTfh)in mice with dextran sodium sulfate(DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis.Methods Forty BALB/c mice were randomly divided into normal group,model group,Yulian Pills group(0.5 g·kg-1)and Mesalazine group(0.3 g·kg-1),10 mice in each group.The mouse model of ulcerative colitis was induced by ad libitum drinking 3%DSS solution for 7 days.During the experiment,the mental state,faecal characteristics,blood in stool and body mass of the mice were recorded daily,and the length and mass of the colon were measured and the colon mass index was calculated;HE staining was used to observe the pathological and morphological changes of the colon tissue;ELISA was used to determine the expression levels of interleukin(IL)-6 and IL-15 in the colon tissues;flow cytometry was used to determine the mTfh cell subpopulation in the spleen tissue expression;Western Blot was used to determine the protein expression levels of Roquin-1,AMPK-α,p-AMPK-α in colon tissues.Results Compared with the normal group,the mice in the model group showed a significant decrease in body mass(P＜0.01),a significant shortening of colon length(P＜0.01),significant increase in colon mass(P＜0.05)and colon mass index(P＜0.01),and severe pathological damage to colon tissues;the expression levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-15 in the colon tissues were significantly increased(P＜0.01);cell expression levels of CD4+CCR7-CXCR5+CD62L+,CD4+CCR7+CXCR5+ GL7+,CD4+CCR7-CXCR5+GL7+ were significantly increased in spleen tissues(P＜0.01),whereas the expression level of CD4+CCR7+CXCR5+CD62L+ cell was significantly decreased(P＜0.01);and protein expression levels of Roquin-1,AMPK-α,p-AMPK-α were significantly reduced in the colonic tissues(P＜0.05).Compared with the model group,mice in the Yulian Pills group and Mesalazine group showed a significant increase in body mass(P＜0.05),a significant extension of colon length(P＜0.01),a significant reduction in colon mass(P＜0.05),a significant decrease in the colon mass index(P＜0.01),and a more obvious improvement in pathological damage of the colon tissues;a significant decrease in the expression levels of IL-6 and IL-15 in the colon tissues(P＜0.01);cell expression levels of CD4+CCR7-CXCR5+CD62L+,CD4+CCR7+CXCR5+GL7+,CD4+CCR7-CXCR5+GL7+ in splenic tissues was significantly reduced(P＜0.01),whereas the expression level of CD4+CCR7+CXCR5+CD62L+ cell was significantly increased(P＜0.01);the protein expression levels of Roquin-1,AMPK-α,and p-AMPK-α were significantly increased in colon tissues(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Conclusion The therapeutic effect of Yulian Pills on DSS-induced ulcerative colitis mice can ameliorate the histopathological damage of colon,which may be related to the activation of the Roquin-1/MPK-α signalling pathway,the down-regulation of the expressions of inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-15,and the modulation of the homeostasis of the mTfh cell subpopulation.

Objective:To investigate the feasibility, safety and effectiveness of colonic interposition with vascular anastomosis in reconstructing the entire esophagus and hypopharynx after resection of hypopharyngeal cancer with esophageal cancer.Methods:We conducted a retrospective analysis of 4 male patients with simultaneous multiple primary cancers of the hypopharynx and esophagus, aged 47 to 58, treated in the Department of Head and Neck Surgery at the Hunan Cancer Hospital from February to August 2019. All cases underwent total hypopharyngectomy and total esophagectomy, of whom, three cases presented with total laryngectomy and one case with larynx preservation. Colonic interposition was performed using the left colic artery as a pedicle, with an average colonic length of 48.5 cm. The colon was elevated through the esophageal bed to the neck, and the branch of the colonic mesenteric artery was anastomosed to one of the neck arteries, including the inferior thyroid artery in one case, the transverse cervical artery in two cases, and the superior thyroid artery in one case, and all venous anastomoses were performed with the internal jugular veins.Results:The postoperative neck and abdominal wounds healed well without anastomotic leakage, and all patients were able to resume a regular oral diet within 21-30 days postoperatively. During the follow-up of 48-52 months, two cases died due to tumor recurrence, while the remaining two cases were disease-free survivals.Conclusion:Colonic interposition with vascular anastomosis is a safe and reliable reconstruction method suitable for repairing long-segment upper digestive tract defects after resection of hypopharyngeal cancer with esophageal cancer.

ObjectiveTo observe the clinical effectiveness and safety of She medicine （畲药） Diren Zishen Formula（地稔滋肾方） combined with acupuncture as adjunctive treatment for primary biliary cholangitis with liver and kidney yin deficiency syndrome. MethodsSeventy patients of primary biliary cholangitis with liver and kidney yin deficiency syndrome were randomly divided into a control group and a treatment group， with 35 patients in each group. The control group received oral ursodeoxycholic acid capsules （250 mg per dose， three times daily）. The treatment group received She medicine Diren Zishen Formula oral decoction （one dose daily， 200 ml per dose in the morning and evening， served warm） and acupuncture ［bilateral Sanyingjiao （SP6）， Taichong （LR3）， Ganshu （BL18）， Zusanli （ST36）， Fenglong （ST17）， once daily， 5 consecutive days per week］ in addition to the same treatment as the control group. The treatment duration was three months for both groups. Comparisons were made between the two groups before and after treatment for the following parameters， which were four traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） symptoms scores （skin itching， fatigue， jaundice， and flank pain）， TCM syndrome scores， liver function indicators including aspartate aminotransferase （AST）， alanine aminotransferase （ALT）， alkaline phosphatase （ALP）， gamma-glutamyl transferase （GGT） and total bilirubin （TBiL）， liver fibrosis markers including serum laminin （LN）， serum hyaluronic acid （HA）， serum type Ⅳ collagen （Ⅳ-C） and serum type Ⅲ procollagen （PC-Ⅲ）， and inflammatory factor indicators including serum interleukin-6 （IL-6） and tumor necrosis factor-alpha （TNF-α）. The effectiveness of TCM syndrome between the two groups was compared and safety evaluations were also conducted after treatment. ResultsA total of 32 cases were finally analyzed in the treatment group， while the control group had 31 cases. The total effective rate of TCM syndrome in the treatment group （87.50%， 28/32） was higher than that in the control group （67.74%， 20/31） （P＜0.05）. After treatment， the TCM symptom scores， syndrome scores， liver function， and liver fibrosis markers in both groups signi-ficantly decreased， while in the treatment group， the inflammatory factor indicators decreased after treatment， and more decreases were found than those in the control group （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Both groups had good safety， and no adverse reactions were observed. ConclusionThe combination of She medicine Diren Zishen Formula and acupuncture as an adjunctive treatment for primary biliary cholangitis can significantly improve the clinical effectiveness， improve liver function， reduce inflammatory response， and alleviate liver fibrosis， with good safety.

Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide and is the most common cancer in males. Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) that target programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) or programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) have achieved impressive efficacy in the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (Pardoll, 2012; Champiat et al., 2016; Gao et al., 2022). Although ICIs are usually well tolerated, they are often accompanied by immune-related adverse events (irAEs) (Doroshow et al., 2019). Non-specific activation of the immune system produces off-target immune and inflammatory responses that can affect virtually any organ or system (O'Kane et al., 2017; Puzanov et al., 2017). Compared with adverse events caused by chemotherapy, irAEs are often characterized by delayed onset and prolonged duration and can occur in any organ at any stage of treatment, including after cessation of treatment (Puzanov et al., 2017; von Itzstein et al., 2020). They range from rash, pneumonitis, hypothyroidism, enterocolitis, and autoimmune hepatitis to cardiovascular, hematological, renal, neurological, and ophthalmic irAEs (Nishino et al., 2016; Kumar et al., 2017; Song et al., 2020). Hence, we conducted a retrospective study to identify validated factors that could predict the magnitude of the risk of irAEs in patients receiving PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors; our approach was to analyze the correlation between the clinical characteristics of patients at the start of treatment and relevant indicators such as hematological indices and the risk of developing irAEs. Then, we developed an economical, practical, rapid, and simple model to assess the risk of irAEs in patients receiving ICI treatment, as early as possible.
Male ; Humans ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/drug therapy* ; Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy* ; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/adverse effects* ; Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor ; Retrospective Studies ; Apoptosis

Objective: To investigate the status of hair loss and analyze the influencing factors among university students in Hangzhou City, so as to provide insights into the management of hair loss among university students. Methods: University students were recruited using a convenient sampling method from 4 universities in Hangzhou City in June 2021. The basic characteristics and life styles were collected using online questionnaire surveys. Self-reported hair loss was evaluated using the grading scales for loss of hair (Hamilton-Norwood scale for males and modified Ludwig scale for females), and factors affecting self-reported hair loss were identified among university students using the multivariable logistic regression model. Results: A total of 1 060 questionnaires were allocated, and 1 038 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 97.92%. The respondents included 391 males ( 37.67% ) and 647 females ( 62.33% ), and 463 respondents ( 44.61% ) reported hair loss, including 431 students with mild hair loss ( 93.09% ). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that university students in their fourth or fifth years ( OR=1.721, 95%CI: 1.126-2.630 ), art specialty ( OR=0.411, 95%CI: 0.207-0.816 ), overweight or obesity (OR=1.685, 95%CI: 1.050-2.704), diet taste ( sweet: OR=2.131, 95%CI: 1.370-3.316; spicy: OR=1.510, 95%CI: 1.028-2.218; greasy: OR=3.023, 95%CI: 2.015-4.537 ), feeling nervous/anxious (occasionally: OR=1.891, 95%CI: 1.087-3.289; frequently: OR=2.487, 95%CI: 1.337-4.626 ), smoking ( occasionally: OR=1.906, 95%CI: 1.067-3.405; frequently: OR=1.983, 95%CI: 1.050-3.746), family history of hair loss ( OR=1.506, 95%CI: 1.075-2.110 ), perming/dyeing hair ( occasionally: OR=1.795, 95%CI: 1.280-2.517; frequently: OR=3.282, 95%CI: 1.736-6.204), self-perceived oily hair/scalp in the past three months (slightly increased: OR=1.980, 95%CI: 1.477-2.653; significantly increased: OR=5.347, 95%CI: 2.956-9.670) were factors affecting self-reported hair loss among university students. Conclusion The proportion of self-reported hair loss was 44.61% among university students in Hangzhou City, and hair loss was predominantly mild. A family history of hair loss, nervousness/anxiety, diet habits, smoking and frequency of perm/dyeing hair may affect hair loss among university students.

The heterogeneity of exhausted T cells (Tex) is a critical determinant of immune checkpoint blockade therapy efficacy. However, few studies have explored exhausted T cell subpopulations in human cancers. In the present study, we examined samples from two cohorts of 175 patients with head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) by multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC) to investigate two subsets of Tex, CD8⁺PD1⁺TCF1⁺ progenitor exhausted T cells (TCF1⁺Tex^prog) and CD8⁺PD1⁺TCF1^- terminally exhausted T cells (TCF1^-Tex^term). Moreover, fresh tumor samples from 34 patients with HNSCC were examined by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry to further investigate their properties and cytotoxic capabilities and their correlation with regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). mIHC and flow cytometry analysis showed that TCF1^-Tex^term represented a greater proportion of CD8⁺PD1⁺Tex than TCF1⁺Tex^prog in most patients. TCF1⁺Tex^prog produced abundant TNFα, while TCF1^-Tex^term expressed higher levels of CD103, TIM-3, CTLA-4, and TIGIT. TCF1^-Tex^term exhibited a polyfunctional TNFα⁺GZMB⁺IFNγ⁺ phenotype; and were associated with better overall survival and recurrence-free survival. The results also indicated that larger proportions of TCF1^-Tex^term were accompanied by an increase in the proportion of Tregs. Therefore, it was concluded that TCF1^-Tex^term was the major CD8⁺PD1⁺Tex subset in the HNSCC TIME and that these cells favor patient survival. A high proportion of TCF1^-Tex^term was associated with greater Treg abundance.
CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; Head and Neck Neoplasms/therapy* ; Humans ; Immunotherapy/methods* ; Prognosis ; Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor ; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck/therapy* ; Tumor Microenvironment ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Objective:To analyze the expression of P-selectin and thrombopoietin (TPO) in patients with glioma, and explore their correlation with severity of disease.Methods:One hundred and six patients with glioma who were treated in the Third People's Hospital of Dalian City from June 2017 to June 2019 were selected as the observation group, and 50 physical examination person in the same period were selected as the healthy control group. The clinic data of patients in two groups were analyzed.Results:The serum P-selectin and TPO levels in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the healthy control group: (62.35 ± 16.71) μg/L vs. (25.42 ± 9.18) μg/L, (12.64 ± 3.26) μg/L vs. (6.93 ± 1.77) μg/L ( P<0.01). In patients with different severity of glioma, serum P-selectin and TPO levels in the high-grade group were significantly higher than those in the low-level group: (65.14 ± 17.19) μg/L vs. (53.71 ± 15.26) μg/L, (14.57 ± 3.38) μg/L vs. (9.04 ± 1.97) μg/L ( P<0.01). Serum P-selectin and TPO levels in patients with glioma after treatment were significantly lower than those before treatment: (57.28 ± 16.22) μg/L vs. (62.35 ± 16.71) μg/L, (10.85 ± 2.97) μg/L vs. (12.64 ± 3.26) μg/L ( P<0.01). Spearman correlation analysis result showed that there was a significant positive correlation between serum P-selectin, TPO levels and WHO classification in patients with glioma ( r = 0.417 and 0.361, P<0.05). The results of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that the area under curve (AUC) of serum P-selectin in the diagnosis of glioma was 0.859 (95% CI 0.794 to 0.910, P<0.01), the sensitivity was 90.00%, and the specificity was 74.53%. The ROC curve analysis result showed that the AUC of serum TPO in the diagnosis of glioma was 0.720 (95% CI 0.643 to 0.789, P<0.01), the sensitivity was 69.81%, and the specificity was 72.00%. Conclusions:Serum P-selectin and TPO are abnormally expressed in glioma patients, and their level changes are related to the severity of the disease.

Because of the widespread development and application of rapid response system (RRS) in medical institutions in developed countries, such as Europe, America and Australia, the clinical adverse events (cardiac arrest, accidental death, etc.) in hospital patients have been reduced and improved. Meanwhile, the hospitalization rate and mortality rate of intensive care unit in hospital patients have been reduced, thus shortening the hospitalization time and reducing the medical expenses. Nevertheless, RRS is still in the exploration stage in our country. Therefore, the article reviews the RRS model and application development.

OBJECTIVES: To explore the metabolite characteristics in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) by METHODS: A total of 46 patients with the first-episode schizophrenia (FES), 49 people with clinical high risk (CHR), 61 people with genetic high risk (GHR), and 58 healthy controls (HC) were enrolled. The levels of N-acetylaspartylglutamate+N-acetylaspartate (tNAA), choline-containing compounds (Cho) and myo-inositol (MI), glutamate+glutamine (Glx) in medial prefrontal cortex were measured by single-voxel RESULTS: There were significant differences in Glx, tNAA, and MI concentrations among 4 groups (all CONCLUSIONS The decreased levels of MI and Glx in the FES patients suggest that there may be glial functional damage and glutamatergic transmitter dysfunction in the early stage of the disease. The compensatory increase of metabolites may be a protective factor for schizophrenia in the genetic individuals.
Aspartic Acid ; Glutamic Acid ; Glutamine ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Schizophrenia