This paper introduces the conversion of a refrigeration centrifuge into a clinical multi-use centrifuge. The method and procedure are mainly discussed.

For decades,there have been no systematic studies on the reference intervals of Chinese populations.With the support of the Ministry of Health,the Chinese Society of Laboratory Medicine launches a research project investigating the Chinese reference intervals for common clinical laboratory tests.Up to now,the first batch of reference intervals for common liver function,electrolytes and blood cell analysis have been published in forms of healthy professional standards.Medical institutions are suggested to use these new reference intervals in clinical practice.

Objective To verify and monitor the performance of accuracy, precision and comparability of 26 clinical biochemical analytes (29 methods) in the six centers involved in multi-centers reference intervals research, and to ensure the reliability of theirmeasurement results.Methods During the period of the systems evaluating, two levels of commercial quality control materials and fresh frozen human serum reference materials were applied to verify the performance of inter-laboratory precision and accuracy of analysis systems. During the period of samples testing, the commercial quality control materials were measured whenever samples were analysed, the fresh frozen serum reference materials were measured once a month.The coefficient of variations (CVs), bias and total errors were calculated to assess the precision, accuracy and comparability.Results Verification of precision and accuracy: ( 1 ) the ranges of CVs of 29 methods in the six laboratory laboratories were 0.4%-6.0%, the CVs of all 29 methods met the criterion . (2) The overall average bias of the analysis systems of 21 analytes (24 methods) ranged from -5.15%( ALT) to 4.46% ( Ur ) .Among 24 methods the overall average bias of TP, Glu-GOD, Ur, Cl, Ca exceeded the acceptable range.The quality assessment during the period of samples testing:(1) The overall average bias ranged from -1.95%(Ca) to 2.92%(Ur), median 1.26%, they all met the requirements of relevant standards.( 2 ) When commercial control materials were tested, the requirements of CVs were fulfilled for most methods in the six laboratories,and the CVs of TP, Alb, Cl, Ca exceeded the acceptable range.The overall average TE of all methods met the quality specification for the C-N controls material.For the C-P control material, only the overall average TE of TP (5.05%) exceeded thearceptable range while the other methods met the requirement in criterion.Conclusions The performance of precision and accuracy of the analysis systems used in the six laboratories passed the verification.During the period of sample testing, the performance of precision and accuracy of the most methods in the 6 laboratories met the requirements of quality specifications, and the overall performance was good.Because of the limitation of current technology the performance of some methods didn't fulfill the requirement of specifications, and need to be improved.

Streptococcus salivarius K12 is a kind of bacteria that settled in the mucosal epithelium of human mouth and nasopharynx shortly after human birth. It is found that Streptococcus salivarius K12 is a probiotic beneficial to human health. Many studies have confirmed that Streptococcus salivarius K12 has bioactive effects against oral and oropharyngeal inflammation and infection, dental caries, halitosis and oral epithelial damage. This paper reviews the research progress of Streptococcus salivarius K12 in the prevention and treatment of oral and oropharyngeal diseases.

Objective Using Disease Diagnosis Related Grouping(DRG)index to assess the professional compe-tence of physicians in the evaluation of health professional and technical titles,and analysing their effectiveness.Methods The DRG indexes of 1 184 physicians were statistically analyzed before and after the implementation of DRG promotion policy.After normal test,Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to compare the CMI,number of DRG groups,total weight,time consumption index and cost consumption index of 1184 physicians in a hospital before and after applying DRG index to assess individual ability.Results The study found that after the introduction of DRG in-dex,CMI,number of DRG groups and total weight of physicians all showed an increasing trend,in which CMI in-creased from 1.17 to 1.20,time consumption index decreased,cost consumption index had no statistical signifi-cance(P＞0.05),and the difficulty of hospital treatment and medical efficiency improved.Conclusion The use of DRG index to assess doctors'professional ability has a positive effect on hospitals,which can improve the quality of diagnosis and treatment,improve efficiency,optimize patient grouping and medical division.DRG index can be used as a tool to assess doctors'professional ability.

Objective Using Disease Diagnosis Related Grouping(DRG)index to assess the professional compe-tence of physicians in the evaluation of health professional and technical titles,and analysing their effectiveness.Methods The DRG indexes of 1 184 physicians were statistically analyzed before and after the implementation of DRG promotion policy.After normal test,Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to compare the CMI,number of DRG groups,total weight,time consumption index and cost consumption index of 1184 physicians in a hospital before and after applying DRG index to assess individual ability.Results The study found that after the introduction of DRG in-dex,CMI,number of DRG groups and total weight of physicians all showed an increasing trend,in which CMI in-creased from 1.17 to 1.20,time consumption index decreased,cost consumption index had no statistical signifi-cance(P＞0.05),and the difficulty of hospital treatment and medical efficiency improved.Conclusion The use of DRG index to assess doctors'professional ability has a positive effect on hospitals,which can improve the quality of diagnosis and treatment,improve efficiency,optimize patient grouping and medical division.DRG index can be used as a tool to assess doctors'professional ability.

Objective Using Disease Diagnosis Related Grouping(DRG)index to assess the professional compe-tence of physicians in the evaluation of health professional and technical titles,and analysing their effectiveness.Methods The DRG indexes of 1 184 physicians were statistically analyzed before and after the implementation of DRG promotion policy.After normal test,Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to compare the CMI,number of DRG groups,total weight,time consumption index and cost consumption index of 1184 physicians in a hospital before and after applying DRG index to assess individual ability.Results The study found that after the introduction of DRG in-dex,CMI,number of DRG groups and total weight of physicians all showed an increasing trend,in which CMI in-creased from 1.17 to 1.20,time consumption index decreased,cost consumption index had no statistical signifi-cance(P＞0.05),and the difficulty of hospital treatment and medical efficiency improved.Conclusion The use of DRG index to assess doctors'professional ability has a positive effect on hospitals,which can improve the quality of diagnosis and treatment,improve efficiency,optimize patient grouping and medical division.DRG index can be used as a tool to assess doctors'professional ability.

Objective Using Disease Diagnosis Related Grouping(DRG)index to assess the professional compe-tence of physicians in the evaluation of health professional and technical titles,and analysing their effectiveness.Methods The DRG indexes of 1 184 physicians were statistically analyzed before and after the implementation of DRG promotion policy.After normal test,Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to compare the CMI,number of DRG groups,total weight,time consumption index and cost consumption index of 1184 physicians in a hospital before and after applying DRG index to assess individual ability.Results The study found that after the introduction of DRG in-dex,CMI,number of DRG groups and total weight of physicians all showed an increasing trend,in which CMI in-creased from 1.17 to 1.20,time consumption index decreased,cost consumption index had no statistical signifi-cance(P＞0.05),and the difficulty of hospital treatment and medical efficiency improved.Conclusion The use of DRG index to assess doctors'professional ability has a positive effect on hospitals,which can improve the quality of diagnosis and treatment,improve efficiency,optimize patient grouping and medical division.DRG index can be used as a tool to assess doctors'professional ability.

Objective Using Disease Diagnosis Related Grouping(DRG)index to assess the professional compe-tence of physicians in the evaluation of health professional and technical titles,and analysing their effectiveness.Methods The DRG indexes of 1 184 physicians were statistically analyzed before and after the implementation of DRG promotion policy.After normal test,Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to compare the CMI,number of DRG groups,total weight,time consumption index and cost consumption index of 1184 physicians in a hospital before and after applying DRG index to assess individual ability.Results The study found that after the introduction of DRG in-dex,CMI,number of DRG groups and total weight of physicians all showed an increasing trend,in which CMI in-creased from 1.17 to 1.20,time consumption index decreased,cost consumption index had no statistical signifi-cance(P＞0.05),and the difficulty of hospital treatment and medical efficiency improved.Conclusion The use of DRG index to assess doctors'professional ability has a positive effect on hospitals,which can improve the quality of diagnosis and treatment,improve efficiency,optimize patient grouping and medical division.DRG index can be used as a tool to assess doctors'professional ability.

Objective Using Disease Diagnosis Related Grouping(DRG)index to assess the professional compe-tence of physicians in the evaluation of health professional and technical titles,and analysing their effectiveness.Methods The DRG indexes of 1 184 physicians were statistically analyzed before and after the implementation of DRG promotion policy.After normal test,Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to compare the CMI,number of DRG groups,total weight,time consumption index and cost consumption index of 1184 physicians in a hospital before and after applying DRG index to assess individual ability.Results The study found that after the introduction of DRG in-dex,CMI,number of DRG groups and total weight of physicians all showed an increasing trend,in which CMI in-creased from 1.17 to 1.20,time consumption index decreased,cost consumption index had no statistical signifi-cance(P＞0.05),and the difficulty of hospital treatment and medical efficiency improved.Conclusion The use of DRG index to assess doctors'professional ability has a positive effect on hospitals,which can improve the quality of diagnosis and treatment,improve efficiency,optimize patient grouping and medical division.DRG index can be used as a tool to assess doctors'professional ability.