Objective To investigate the roles of hypoxia regulated genes/protein in chemical hypoxia preconditioning in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells.Methods Differentiated SH-SY5Y cells were randomly divided into control group,chemical hypoxic preconditioning group(50 ?mol/L CoCl2 preconditioning for 3 h,normal culture for 1 h,then in 2%O2 for 28 h) and hypoxia group(in 2%O2 for 28 h).RT-PCR was used to examine the mRNA expressions of VEGF,GLUT-1,EPO,LDH-A.Further evaluation of the potential neuroprotective effect of VEGF was done by investigating the effect of recombinant human VEGF on subsequent hypoxia injury.Results The mRNA levels of GLUT-1,EPO increased in the preconditioning group as compared with those in the hypoxia group(P

Objective To discuss the clinical effect of combination therapy under the theory of "treating soft tissue for bone disease" on knee osteoarthritis.Methods The 160 cases were randomly divided into control group(80 cases) and experimental group(80 cases).The control group was treated by diclofenac sodium sustained release capsules(per os) and sodium hyaluronate(intra-joint injection).The experimental group was treated by traction,steaming and washing,massage,needle-knife therapy,manipulation on soft tissues for loosening the joint,and orthepedic insoles.The course of treatment was 3 weeks.The effect was evaluated according to Lysholm Score,knee movement and subjective satisfaction after the follow-up for 6 months.Results Of the 154 cases completed the study(control group 75 cases and experimental group 79 cases),the Lysholm Score and knee movement had a very significant improvement(P

Application of virtual experiment in the pathophysiology experimental teaching brings more vividness and interest,increases students'activities to complete experiments just like being in a real laboratory.it also relieves the contradiction between teaching requirements and experimental conditions effectiveIy,and take a new learning style to students and promote the changes of teachers'teaching model and teaching idea.

AIM: To explore hypoxia-related mitochondrial proteins in Wistar rats exposed to chronic hypobaric hypoxia.METHODS: Adult male Wistar rats were randomized into chronic hypoxia (30 d) group and control group. Bilateral gastrocnemius were collected and mitochondria were extracted and purified for two dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) and matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) analysis.RESULTS: Compared to the control, 35 protein spots in chronic hypoxia group were up-regulated (8 protein spots) or down-regulated (27 protein spots), 8 of which were identified as F1-ATPase alpha subunit, voltage-dependent anion channel 1, androgen regulated protein, tripartite motif protein 50, hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase alpha subunit and mitochondrial F1 complex gamma subunit.CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that hypoxia exposure may affect mitochondrial electron transport chain, oxidative phosphorylation and lipid metabolism.

0.05).Conclusion TP may have protective effects on chronical hypoxia induced polycythemia in rats.

Animal experiment is a primary part of medical education. At present , medical students are lack of education about laboratory animal ethics and they do not usually treat animals fol-lowing rules of laboratory animal ethics. To solve this problem, we focused on the education of labora-tory animal ethics and 3R theory (reduction, replacement, refinement) in order to help the medical students treat laboratory animals nicely. We enforced the construction of the laboratory rules and regu-lations, and improved animal experiments conditions. With these efforts, we successfully standardized and scientized our experiment classes.

With the continuous improvement of various imaging techniques, the morbidity of polypoid lesions in gallbladder is increasing year by year. However, owing to the lack of effective means of diagnosis before undergoing the surgery, there is a large number of patients who do not have definite indications of surgery for prophylactic cholecystectomy. Therefore, this text will carry out a comprehensive narration of the imaging features, epidemiological characteristics and pathological types about the polypoid lesions in gallbladder, summarizing the experience of diagnosis and treatment of the disease, helping the option in clinical treatments.

AIM:To explore the characteristics of energy metabolism in brain mitochondria of rats exposed to acute and chronic hypoxia. METHODS: Animal grouping: Wistar rats were randomized into acute hypoxic group (AH), chronic hypoxic group (CH) and the control. Respiratory function, F 0F 1-ATPase activity, mitochondrial ATP, ADP and AMP contents and ATP production rate were measured respectively. RESULTS: In AH, brain mitochondrial respiratory state IV (ST 4) was increased, while respiratory control rate (RCR), mitochondrial ATP content, ATP production rate and F 0F 1-ATPase activity were decreased respectively. In CH, ST 4, RCR, mitochondrial ATP content and F 0F 1-ATPase activity were reversed partially. CONCLUSION: Acute hypoxia may impair brain mitochondria energy metabolism by way of depressing mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and ATP production and these parameters gain partial reablement during chronic hypoxia.

AIM: To compare the effects of hypoxia on expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), iNOS and eNOS mRNA in cultured umbilical vein endothelial cells (UVECs) obtained from Tibetan and Han. METHODS: UVECs were obtained from native Tibetan and immigrant Han, respectively and cultured under hypoxia conditions (0.5% oxygen) for 2 h, 4 h, 12 h, and 24 h and normoxic conditions. VEGF, iNOS and eNOS mRNAs were detected with methods of RT-PCT. RESULTS: VEGF and iNOS mRNAs were up-regulated while eNOS mRNA depressed by hypoxia similarly in Tibetan and Han UVECs. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the changes of VEGF, iNOS and eNOS mRNA expression are common pathways in the mechanisms of hypoxic responses.

Objective To investigate effect of sodium cyanide(NaCN)at different concentrations on the mitochondrial respiratory oxygen consumption,the mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP)and activity of the complex Ⅳ of mitochondrial breath train in in vitro liver mitochondria from the rats exposed to simulated high altitude hypoxia,and to explore the characteristics of energy metabolism in the mitochondria from the rats subjected to cyanide poisoning during acute hypoxia exposure.Methods Adult Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were set randomly into control and acute hypoxia groups(n=8 in each group).The acute hypoxic rats were exposed to simulate 5 000 m high altitude in a hypobaric chamber 23 h/d for 3 d.Rats in the control group were bred in the normoxia condition at the same time.The liver mitochondria were isolated by centrifugation.Mitochondrial oxidative respiratory consumption and activity of the complex Ⅳ was measured by Clark electrode after the treatment of NaCN at 0,0.01,0.1 and 0.25 mmol/L respectively,so as to calculate mitochondrial state 3 respiration(ST3),state 4 respiration(ST4),respiratory control rate(RCR),the rate of oxidative phosphorylation(OPR),and oxygen consumption rate of the complex Ⅳ.MMP was detected by Rhodamine 123 method at the above-mentioned concentrations of NaCN.Results NaCNat0.01,0.1and0.25mmol/Linhibited the mito-chondrial oxidative respiratory function,and decreased MMP significantly.The inhibitory effects of NaCN onenergy metabolism in mitochondria was in a dose-dependent manner.Compared with the treatment of NaCN atthe corresponding concentration in the control group,mitochondrial function in the acute hypoxia group was in-hibited more seriously.Conclusion Acute hypoxia exacerbates the inhibitory effects of sodium cyanide on en-ergy metabolism in rat liver mitochondria.Its mechanism might be relevant to the decoupling of oxidative phos-phorylation,functional down-regulation of complexⅣin respiratory chain and changes of the mitochondrialmembrane potential in liver mitochondria from rats exposed to acute hypoxia.