Human height is mainly regulated by the hypothalamus-pituitary-growth hormone axis, and also affected by other factors,such as nutrition and physical activity. Genetic factor is thought to be the main fac-tor,and genetic degree is about 80%. At present,genetic analysis in short stature has made great progresses both at home and abroad,and genes related to the height are more than 180. The article reviews some of the major genes related to the short stature,including the genes related to the adenohypophysis development,the genes re-lated to the GHRH-GH-IGF1 axis,as well as other related gene mutations and performance.

Objective To investigate the changes in brain MRI scan in neuromyelitis optica (NMO).Methods MRI images in 27 cases with NMO were examined in a retrospective study.Results Twenty-two of 27 patients (81.5%) had abnormal brain MRI findings,which were classified as nonspecific (7 cases),atypical (1 case),multiple sclerosis-like (3 cases) and ventricle-aqueduct-syringocoele lesions (11 cases).The lust type is the most common (40.7%).Furthermore,the analysis showed that the number of brain lesions positively correlated with lag time from the onset to the last MRI scan (r=0.475,P=0.025).Conclusions Brain lesions in NMO are diverse,which might result from different pathogenesis.However,ventricle-aqueduct-syringocoele is the most common lesion.Early brain MRI examination of suspected cases is essential.

Objective To investigate the characteristic MRI appearance of neuromyelitis optics (NMO) and muhip]e sclerosis (MS) in the spinal cord.Methods Twenty cases of MS and 23 cases of NMO were examined by MRL All image appearances were analyzed.Results The characteristic MRI appearance of NMO patients in the spinal cord was linear medullary lesion (LML), linear medullospinal lesion (LMSL), linear spinal lesion (LSL) and longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM), and spinal cord MRI with contiguous T2-weighted signal abnormality extending over 3 or more vertebral segments (23 cases), while in MS, spinal cord MRI with contiguous T2-weighted signal abnormality often extended less than 3 vertebral segments (only 12 cases, χ2 = 19.142, P < 0.01), and the distribution of spinal lesion usually was eccentric (17 cases, compared with NMO group, χ2 = 25.256, P < 0.01).Conclusions NMO is distinct from MS.In MRI, spinal lesion in NMO usually conforms to the distribution of aquaporin 4, while spinal lesion in MS always conforms to the demyelination.NMO has neuroimaging features that move it ever closer to distinct disease status.

Objective To study the rhythmic changes of 24 h ambulatory blood pressure in pre-eclampsia(PE)patients and come up with coping strategies. Method The levels and circadian variations of blood pressures in 240 pre-eclampsia patients were monitored and observed with 24 h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Results Among the 240 PE cases,121 were diagnosed as mild PE and 119 as severe PE.There were significant differences in the average of 24 h circadian variation,the average of date time variation,decreased blood pressure at night time between the two groups(all P<0.05). Conclusion Through ambulatory blood pressure monitoring,nurses can monitor the rhythmic changes of 24 h ambulatory blood pressure,make reasonable arrangements for the treatment and care operations,reduce the factors that induce eclampsia and ensure the safety of mother and baby .

OBJECTIVETo explore the distribution and antibiotic resistance of pathogens in lesions of diabetic foot osteomyelitis (DFO) and analyze the risk factors causing osteomyelitis.

METHODSA total of 372 patients with diabetic foot infections hospitalized between January 2011 and December 2014, including 203 with osteomyelitis (OM group) and 169 without osteomyelitis (non-OM group), were examined for the distribution and antibiotic resistance profile of the pathogens in the wounds. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors causing osteomyelitis.

RESULTSGram-negative bacteria were the predominant pathogens (53.7%) in the infected wounds in OM group, whereas Gram-positive bacteria were the most frequently found (56.7%) in non-OM group (P=0.001). Among the Gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococcus was the dominating flora (35.1%). The resistance rate to oxacillin and cefoxitin of the isolated bacteria in OM group (64.9% and 68.5%, respectively) was significantly higher than that in non-OM group (29.2% and 32.6%, respectively; P<0.05). Among the gram-negative bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae was the dominating flora (62.4%), with a higher resistance rate to Cefepime and Aztreonam in OM group (30.1% and 38.6%, respectively) than in non-OM group (15.1% and 22.2%, respectively; P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis indicated that the infection by multi-drug resistant bacteria and an wounds area >4 cm(2) were the risk factors for osteomyelitis in patients with diabetic foot infections (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONIn addition to an empirical anti-infection therapy, clinicians should choose specific antibiotics against Gram-negative bacteria according to the microbial spectrum and antibiotic resistance of pathogens in patients with DFO; patients with diabetic foot infections by multi-drug resistant bacteria and those with a wound area exceeding 4 cm(2) are exposed to an increased risk of osteomyelitis.

Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Cephalosporins ; Diabetic Foot ; microbiology ; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial ; Gram-Negative Bacteria ; classification ; isolation & purification ; Gram-Positive Bacteria ; classification ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Osteomyelitis ; microbiology ; Risk Factors ; Wound Infection ; microbiology

AIM:To investigate the expression of centromere protein-H(CENP-H)in adrenocortical carcino-ma(ACC)and its relationship with disease progression and prognosis,and to explore the impact of CENP-H gene knock-down on the viability and migration of ACC cells.METHODS:The mRNA expression level of CENP-H in 76 ACC pa-tients and 128 healthy controls,and its correlations with tumor stages and prognosis were analyzed by GEPIA2 database.The mRNA expression of CENP-H in different stages of ACC and its correlation with disease prognosis were further ana-lyzed by ULCAN database.The protein expression of CENP-H was examined by immunohistochemical staining of paraffin-embedded ACC and normal adrenal gland specimens.Knockdown of CENP-H by siRNA(siCENP-H)was performed in human ACC cell line H295R.The viabilty of H295R cells transfected with siCENP-H or siNC was measured by CCK-8 as-say,the cell migration was detected by wound-healing assay,and the protein levels of CENP-H,p-ERK1/2,t-ERK1/2,p-P38,t-P38,p-JNK1/2 and t-JNK1/2 were detected by Western blot.RESULTS:The mRNA level of CENP-H was signifi-cantly higher in ACC than that in normal controls,and was correlated with tumor stages and prognosis.The protein level of CENP-H was significantly higher in ACC specimens than that in normal adrenal gland.Knockdown of CENP-H in H295R cells resulted in decreased cell viability and migration.The protein levels of p-P38 and p-JNK1/2 were decreased in si-CENP-H group.CONCLUSION:CENP-H is highly expressed in ACC,and is correlated with tumor stages and poor prognosis.Knockdown of CENP-H can inhibit the viability and migration of ACC cells,and its mechanism may related to inactivation of P38 and JNK signaling pathways.

Regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) is a biologic-based treatment modality for immature permanent teeth diagnosed with pulp necrosis. The ultimate objective of REPs is to regenerate the pulp-dentin complex, extend the tooth longevity and restore the normal function. Scientific evidence has demonstrated the efficacy of REPs in promotion of root development through case reports, case series, cohort studies, and randomized controlled studies. However, variations in clinical protocols for REPs exist due to the empirical nature of the original protocols and rapid advancements in the research field of regenerative endodontics. The heterogeneity in protocols may cause confusion among dental practitioners, thus guidelines and considerations of REPs should be explicated. This expert consensus mainly discusses the biological foundation, the available clinical protocols and current status of REPs in treating immature teeth with pulp necrosis, as well as the main complications of this treatment, aiming at refining the clinical management of REPs in accordance with the progress of basic researches and clinical studies, suggesting REPs may become a more consistently evidence-based option in dental treatment.
Humans ; Consensus ; Regenerative Endodontics ; Dental Pulp Necrosis/therapy* ; Dentists ; Professional Role ; Dental Care