[Summary] Following shoulder surgery , proper regional anesthesia is usually required to minimize the use of opioids .Regional anesthesia techniques commonly used include subacromial or intra-articular local anesthetic infiltration , suprascapular nerve block with or without axillary nerve block , and interscalene block .This paper summarized literatures on the three abovementioned techniques in respect with performance , merits and flaws , and future perspectives .

ObjectiveTo explore the number, incidence, structure and regional distribution of intellectual disabilities, causes of disability, and needs, etc. in Shanxi province.Methods75,016 people from 88 towns and streets of 22 cities and districts were investigated by a multi-stage sampling method in accordance with established procedures forms composed by trained investigators.ResultsThe incidence of intellectual disability was 0.34% most of which were with grade three and four in Shanxi Province. The incidence was the highest in youth in men while highest in childhood in women. The number of grades one and two of youth was more than that of other people. Incidence of intellectual disability in rural areas was significantly higher than in urban (P＜0.001). The major causes of disability were brain diseases, unknown cause, genetic, seizure disorder and other trauma. Only 43.8% of the disabled received a little services and support, including medical services and relief, poverty relief and services, rehabilitation training and services. Different people had different needs of major rehabilitation.ConclusionThe situation of intellectual disabilities was hopeful in Shanxi province. There was no discrimination of gender. Expanding groups with receiving service and support, providing targeted prevention measures according to needs of different groups and strengthening rural governance residual disability were the focus for future work.

Objective:To investigate the mechanism of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced chemoresistance to cisplatin in gastric cancer cells. Methods:ER stress models were established in both BGC823 and SGC7901 gastric cancer cells. The expression of GRP78, an ER stress marker, was examined by Western blot analysis. Moreover, whether ER stress can decrease the sensitivity of gastric cancer cells to cisplatin and activate P38 was explored by flow cytometry and Western blot analysis, respectively. Whether ER stress-induced chemoresistance to cisplatin can be abrogated by blocking P38 activity in gastric cancer was also elucidated using flow cytometry. Results:GRP78 protein expression markedly increased after treating BGC823 and SGC7901 gastric cancer cells with tunica-mycin (TM) or thapsigargin (TG) for 8, 16, and 24 h (P<0.05), compared with that in the group treated for 0 h. The apoptotic rates of TM-(or TG)-, cisplatin-, and TM (or TG) plus cisplatin-treated groups significantly increased (P<0.05) in both BGC823 and SGC7901 gastric cancer cells compared with the rate in the control group. The apoptotic rate of TM (or TG) plus cisplatin-treated group signifi-cantly decreased (P<0.05) in both BGC823 and SGC7901 gastric cancer cells compared with that of the cisplatin-treated group. Com-pared with the group treated for 0 h, phospho-P38 expression markedly increased after treating BGC823 and SGC7901 gastric cancer cells with TM (or TG) for 8, 16, and 24 h (P<0.05). No difference in P38 protein expression was observed between each group in both BGC823 and SGC7901 gastric cancer cells (P>0.05). Both P38 inhibitors, either SB203580 or PD169316, can inhibit the activation of P38. The inhibition of P38 activity can overcome ER stress-induced chemoresistance to cisplatin in gastric cancer cells (P<0.05). Con-clusion:ER stress can trigger the chemoresistance to cisplatin by activating P38 in gastric cancer cells.

ObjectiveTo investigate the situation characteristic, cause and needs of visual disability in Shanxi Province and to provide prevention measures corresponding to different causes.MethodsBy cluster random sampling, 88 townships were selected and 75016 persons received the eye examination in 22 countries in Shanxi from July 1 to May 31 in 2006. Visual acuity and eye examination were performed by ophthalmologist and judged the causes.ResultsThe total prevalence rate of visual impairment in Shanxi was estimated to be 6.21‰.The was a significant increase in the prevalence rate of visual impairment as the age grew older(χ2＝415.54, P<0.05), those in women was higher than that in men(χ2＝40.62, P<0.05). The prevalence rate of visual impairment in countryside was significantly higher than that in city(χ2＝25.37, P<0.05).The chief causes of visual impairment were cataract(39.34%), there are 43.91% of visual impairment who had not received any rehabilitation services, and most of those were medical services (35.26%).ConclusionVisual impairment prevention should establish a social security system and security system. Increase the investment of medical services and relief. To take different preventive measures corresponding to different ages. The preventive of visual impairment of shanxi should be focus on senile eye diseases. The major work should be put in remote rural area.

Objective Infrared spectroscopy was used to study on both raw material and different degree water processing varieties extract of Radix Aconiti kusnezoffii,to observe the changes of main toxic components in processing,and thus to improve the quality of Radix Aconiti kusnezoffii processed products.Methods Fu Liye transform infrared spectroscopy was adopted to study the infrared spectrum characteristic of raw materials and different degree water processing varieties of.Radix Aconiti kusnezoffii.Results ①Aconitine and hypaconitine infrared spectrum showed that 1717 cm-1,1727 cm-1 and 1711 cm-1 is the C=O stretching vibration peak.It is a diester alkaloids characteristic peaks; ② although absorption peak of all vesicular samples had a certain change,it still existed diester alkaloids absorption peak,indicating the incomplete hydrolysis; ③ boiled aconite processing methods demonstrated diester alkaloids absorption peak shift in the water sample.Conclusion Diester alkaloids in Radix Aconiti kusnezoffii shows a positive relation with its time soaked in water.

Objective To assess the activity of Crohn’s disease (CD)by using the quantitative parameter of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI).Methods 50 CD patients with ileocecal solitary lesion were recruited in this study.All of patients underwent con-ventional and DCE-MRI.The quantitative parameter of volume transfer constant (Ktrans )and the clinical data including Harvey-Brad-show index (HBI)and C-reactive protein (CRP)were recorded.(1)the reliability and repeatability of Ktrans measurement were analyzed. (2)the correlation between Ktrans value and clinical data was analyzed by using Pearson analysis.(3)according to HBI,all of the CD patients were divided into severe group,mild-moderate group,and static group.The differences of Ktrans values among the three groups were compared by using Mann-Whitney U test.Results (1)the reliability of Ktrans measurement was high (Cronbach’s Alpha=0.993).(2)there was positive correlation between HBI and Ktrans(r=0.635,P<0.001),and between CRP and Ktrans(r= 0.764,P<0.001).(3)there was significant difference of Ktrans value between the static group and the mild-moderate group (P<0.001),be-tween the static group and the severe group (P<0.001),and.between the mild-moderate group and the severe group (P<0.001). Conclusion Quantitative parameter of DCE-MRI (Ktrans )had a high reliability and can be used to assess the inflammation activity of CD.

Objective To identify the use of body mass index (BMI) to predict the areas under curve (AUC) of hypertension,and to find the optimal cutoff of predicting the incidences of hypertension in Chinese adults. Method Using the data from Nationwide Nutrition and Health Survey to find the new cases of four-years hypertension,and to calculate the four-year cumulative incidence (CI) of hypertension,and operate the receiver operating characteristic (ROC),analyze the AUC and calculate the sensitivity and specificity of optimal cutoff. Results Four-year CI of hypertension were 17.2% (20.3% for men and 14.2% for women),the AUC were 0.62 and 0.61 for men and women,respectively. Conclusion The optimal cut off was applicable in monitoring the incidences of hypertension,and more verification should be carried out in the future when applying this cut off.

Adolescent ; Adult ; China ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Motor Activity ; Rural Population ; Suburban Population ; Urban Population

Objective: To learn the current status of scoliosis of children and its influencing factors, so as to provide reference for the prevention and treatment. Methods: A total of 1 500 students selected from 4 kindergartens and 3 primary schools in Shijiazhuang were tested by static posture assessment and Adams flexion test to get the values,and self designed questionnaire was designed to investigate the related factors. Results: Totally 78 students were found with scoliosis, accounting for 5.47%. Among them, 17 boys (2.31% in boys) and 61 girls (8.85% in girls) were found with scoliosis, and the differences were of statistical significance ( P <0.01). And the main risk factors of scoliosis in children included holding too much, less crawling, poor sitting and standing posture, lack of vitamin D and calcium, long term unilateral exertion sports, insufficient exercise time, improper height of table and chair, as well as being girl( OR =1.58, 0.58, 2.22, 2.13, 3.02, 2.18, 2.14, 2.86, 3.04, 2.59, 1.16, P <0.05). Conclusion The detection rate of scoliosis in children is very high,the education department and parents should pay more attention for prevention, scientific rearing methods can effectively reduce the incidence of scoliosis in children.