Aim To investigate the effect of Jinlida on cholesterol-related genes in skeletal muscle in fat-in-duced insulin resistance ApoE-/ - mice. Methods Ten male C57 BL/6 J mice were selected as normal group ( NF );50 male ApoE-/ - mice with a high-fat feeding after 16 weeks ( HF) were divided into model group, rosiglitazone ( LGLT ) , Jinlida low dose group ( JLDL, 0. 95 g · kg-1 · d-1 ) , Jinlida medium dose group ( JLDM, 1. 9 g·kg-1 ·d-1 ) , Jinlida high dose group (JLDH, 3. 8 g·kg-1·d-1), which were per-formed intragastric administration for 8 weeks. Oil red O staining of mouse skeletal muscle was used for fat ac-cumulation. Insulin receptor ( INSR) , insulin receptor body substrate-1 ( IRS-1 ) , low-density lipoprotein re-ceptor ( LDLR ) , cholesterol sensor ( SCAP ) mRNA and protein expression in mouse skeletal muscle were measured by quantitative reverse transcription PCR ( RT-PCR ) and Western blot. Results Compared with NF group, fasting blood glucose ( FBG) , choles-terol ( TC ) , triglyceride ( TG ) and low density lipo-protein cholesterol ( LDL-C ) of HF mice were signifi-cantly elevated, while high-density lipoprotein ( HDL-C ) significantly decreased ( P < 0. 05 ) . Compared with HF group, Jinlida group could reduce to varying degrees FBG, TC, TG and LDL-C in mice, and in-crease HDL-C ( P <0. 05 ) . Jinlida could downgrade fasting serum insulin ( FINS ) level, and improve the insulin sensitive index ( ISI ) ( P < 0. 05 ) . Jinlida could obviously improve skeletal muscle fat accumula-tion of mice. Compared with NF group, skeletal mus-cle INSR, IRS-1, LDLR mRNA and protein levels of HF group were significantly decreased ( P <0. 05 ) , while SCAP mRNA and protein level increased signifi-cantly (P<0. 05). Compared with HF group, Jinlida could increase to varying degrees INSR, IRS-1, LDLR mRNA and protein levels ( P < 0. 05 ) , and lower SCAP mRNA and protein levels ( P<0. 05 ) . Conclu-sion Jinlida can alleviate fat-induced insulin resist-ance in ApoE-/ - mice through regulation of cholester-ol-related gene expression.

Objective To evaluate volume doubling time (VDT) and net mass doubling time of tumor (nMDT) of pulmonary pure ground glass nodules (PGGN) of different pathological types and to investigate whether VDT and nMDT can help to differentiate invasive pulmonary adenocarcinomas from minimally invasive adenocarcinomas and preinvasive lesions.Methods Fifty-one pathologically confirmed pGGNs in 46 patients were retrospectively evaluated,in whom at least two HRCT scans were obtained preoperatively (median scan times,3 times;range,2-6 times) with 1-month or longer follow-up interval (median follow-up interval,251 days;range,30-1 552 days).According to the rechecked results of the postoperative pathological section,51 pGGNs were divided into two groups:group A,invasive adenocarcinoma (IAC),30 pGGNs (58.8％);group B,21 pGGNs (41.2％),including 8 minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA),7 adenocarcinomas in situ (AIS) and 6 atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH).The volume,cumulative percentage of volume growth and VDTs of pGGNs were automatically acquired by Lung VCAR (advantage windows 4.6,GE HealthCare).Subsequently,the mass,cumulative percentage of mass growth and nMDTs of pGGNs were calculated.The count data and measurement data between two groups were compared using Fisher exact probability and Mann-Whitney U test,respectively.A pairwise comparision were performed by using Wilcoxon signed-rank test.Subsequently,the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the optimal cut-off values of VDT and nMDT for the differential diagnosis of IAC and MIA/AIS/AAH,and calculated the area under the curve (AUC).Results The median VDT and nMDT of 51 pGGNs were 1 854.11 days (range,165.22—+∞ days) and 1 138.45 days (range,95.92—+ ∞ days),respectively.The median nMDT was shorter than the median VDT,and the difference was significant (Z=-2.444,P=-0.O15).The median VDTs of IAC and MIA/AIS/AAH were 847.07 days (165.22—+∞ days) and 4 460.09 days (691.14—+∞ days),respectively.The median nMDTs of IAC,MIA/AIS/AAH were 769.93 days (95.92—+∞ days) and 3814.77 days (611.56—+∞ days),respectively.The median VDT and nMDT of IAC were significantly shorter than those of MIA/AIS/AAH (Z=-3.443,-3.860,P＜ 0.01,respectively).Differentiating IAC from MIA/AIS/AAH,the optimal cutoff value of VDT was 2095.86 days (sensitivity,71.4％;specificity,80.0％),the optimal cutoff value of nMDT was 1 169.77 days (sensitivity,81.0％;specificity,76.7％).Conclusions In pulmonary pGGNs,IAC showed significantly shorter VDT and nMDT than MIA/AIS/AAH.When VDT is shorter than 2 095.86 days or nMDT is shorter than 1 169.77 days,IAC is suggested.

Objective To compare the differences of lung pathological changes of acute lung injury in mice in-duced by lipopolysaccharide ( LPS) and graphite particles, and to explore the possible mechanisms of acute lung injury in-duced by fine particles of different origins.Methods 140 male specific-pathogen-free Kunming mice weighing 18-20 g were randomly divided into 7 experimental groups, in addition to the normal control group.The experimental groups were treated by intratracheal instillation of LPS solution or graphite powder suspension in different doses, respectively, to induce acute lung injury in the mice.The mortality of the mice was observed, and pathological changes of the lung tissues were ex-amined by light and transmission electron microscopy.Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of neutrophil elastase ( NE) in lung tissues , and real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect mRNA expression of monocyte chemotac-tic protein-1 ( MCP-1) in the lung tissue .Results Compared with the normal control group, some pathological changes were observed in the lung tissues of the groups L ( LPS) and G ( graphite) .There were numerous macrophages in the lung tissues in the group G mice, and exudate, mainly neutrophils, in the lung tissues of the group L.The NE protein expres-sion in the lung tissue was significantly higher than that of the normal control group ( P<0.05) , and there was also a sig-nificant difference between the groups L and G (P<0.05).The MCP-1 mRNA expression in lung tissues was higher in the control group (P<0.01), and there was also a significant difference between the groups L and G (P<0.01).Conclu-sions Diverse types of particulate matters induce different pathological changes in the lungs, therefore the mechanism may also be different in the inflammatory responses.It means that the lung injuries caused by fine particles of mixed composition may have complex mechanisms.

OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of Lianhuaqingwen capsules ( LHQW ) on junction protein expression in mouse lung tissue of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury ( ALl). METHODS 120 male mice were randomly divided into six groups: normal control, model, model+dexa-methasone 5 mg.kg-1 , model +LHQW 2, 4 and 8 g.kg-1 groups. Dexamethasone and LHQW were administered orally, once daily, for 7 d. 24 h after the last administration, LPS solution was instilled into the tracheas of mice except the normal control group to prepare the mouse model of ALl. 24 h after the establishment of the ALl model, the mice were sacrificed and the pathological changes in the mouse lung tissue were observed by optical microscopy and ultrastructure of alveolar epithelium was observed by transmission electron microscopy. The cell percentage of positive expression of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) in the peripheral blood T lymphocytes was detected by flow cytometry. The expressions of con-nexin 43 ( Cx43), occludin and zonula occludens protein-1 ( ZO-1) in lung tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Under the light microscope, the mouse lung of model group showed a large amount of inflammatory cell infiltration and alveolar wall thickening. Compared with model group, inflammatory cell infiltration was reduced in model+dexamethasone, model+LHQW 2,4 and 8 mg.kg-1 groups. Under the electron microscope, the mouse alveolar epithelial cells of model group showed injury. Compared with model group, the damage was reduced in model+dexamethasone, and model+LHQW 2, 4 and 8 mg.kg-1 groups. The cell percentage of TNF-α positive expression in peripheral blood T lympho-cytes in normal control, model, model+dexamethasone, model+LHQW 2,4 and 8 mg.kg-1 groups was (3.6±0.9)%, (6.4±0.8)%, (2.8±0.7)%, (4.7±1.6)%, (4.0±1.5)% and (3.6±1.2)%, respectively. The percentage in model group was obviously higher than that in normal control group( P<0.01), but was lower in the four drug treatment groups than in model group(P<0.05, P<0.01). The expression of Cx43, occludin and ZO-1 in lung tissue of model group was lower than that of normal control group(P<0.01), but higher in model+dexamethasone, model + LHQW 4 and 8 mg.kg-1 groups than in model group(P<0.05). CONCLUSION LHQW may alleviate ALl induced by LPS and play a protective role by inhibiting inflammatory cell infiltration and improving protein connection expression in alveolar epithelial cells and pulmonary vascular endothelial cells.

Objective:To understand the effect of a new tracheal tube fixation device in the "double fixation" of oral tracheal intubation for critically ill patients in adult emergency department.Methods:A retrospective analysis of patients with oral tracheal intubation admitted to our EICU from January 2016 to June 2017 was performed using traditional tape and inch band fixation as a control group; the experience of treatment from July 2017 to December 2018 for patients with oral tracheal intubation, the new double-fixation method of tracheal tube fixation device was used as the observation group. The degree of displacement, oral cleanliness, facial skin allergies and injuries, and comfort of the two groups of patients was compared.Results:The rate of tracheal displacement in the experimental group was mildly 11.2% (11/98), moderately 5.1% (5/98), and the control group was mildly 24.2% (15/62), moderately 14.5% (9/62) and severe 6.5% (4/62). The incidence of facial skin allergy and skin damage was 6.1% (6/98), 0, and the control group was 24.2% (15/62), 11.3% (7/62), the difference was statistically significant ( Z value was -4.021, χ2 value was 24.48, P<0.05). The comfort score of the test group was (1.05±1.01) points, which was significantly higher than (2.10±1.71) points of the control group ( t value was 4.920, P<0.01). Conclusions:The new type of tracheal tube fixation device "dual fixation" for critically ill patients with mechanical ventilation through oral endotracheal intubation is visually beautiful, and has good firmness and comfort. It can effectively reduce the occurrence of adverse events and has good application value.

Objective To analyze the imaging characteristics of lung cancer detected by LDCT ( low-dose CT )lung cancer screening. Methods Between July 1st, 2007 and June 30th, 2013, 7 141 asymptomatic enrolled participants aged 40-88 years old (male 4 710, female 2 431, median age 47), and 1 071 volunteer participants aged ≤39 underwent chest LDCT. The imaging characteristics were analyzed retrospectively in lung cancer pathologically proved. Three types were classified according to the imaging findings: solid lesion, part-solid lesion and non-solid lesion. Results A total of 31 participants (32 lesions) were diagnosed as lung cancer, including 30 adenocarcinomas, 1 carcinoid and 1 small cell lung cancer. The detecting rate of the lung cancer was 0.4%(31/8 212). The solid lesion was further classified as classical solid nodule, irregular solid lesion and atypical solid nodule, and the part-solid lesion was further classified as part-solid nodule, irregular part-solid lesion and cystic part-solid nodule. Lung cancer or probably lung cancer was diagnosed in 24 cases (77.4%), and uncertainty diagnosis was made in 3 cases (9.7%). Benign or probably benign was diagnosed in 3 cases, and another 1 cases were missed at baseline screening. The false positive rate and the false negative rate was 9.7%and 3.1%, respectively. Conclusion The imaging characteristics of lung cancer detected by LDCT are varied, which provide preliminary experience in lung cancer screening.

OBJECTIVETo screen for genomic copy number variants (CNVs) in a fetus with one sibling affected with Prader-Willi syndrome using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array.

METHODSThe fetus and its parents were subjected to chromosomal karyotyping and SNP array analysis.

RESULTSA 5p15.33 microdeletions was identified in the fetus and its phenotypically normal mother with a size of 344 kb (113 576 to 457 213). The father was normal for both testing. Analysis of literature and CNVs database indicated the above CNV to be variant of unclear significance. The couple decided to continue with the pregnancy and gave birth to a healthy boy at full-term. No abnormalities were found during the follow-up.

CONCLUSIONThis study may provide further data for the phenotype-genotype correlation of 5p15.33 microdeletion, which differs from Cri du Chat syndrome.

Adult ; Chromosome Deletion ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5 ; genetics ; DNA Copy Number Variations ; Female ; Fetal Diseases ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Prader-Willi Syndrome ; diagnosis ; embryology ; genetics ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Diagnosis

OBJECTIVETo screen for genomic copy number variants (CNVs) in a fetus with cardiac abnormalities and intrauterine growth retardation through single nucleotide polymorphism microarray (SNP array) and karyotyping analysis.

METHODSThe fetus and its parents were subjected to conventional G banding and SNP-array analysis. The results were confirmed with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH).

RESULTSG-banding analysis showed that the fetus has a karyotype of 47,XX,+mar. The father has a karyotype of 46,XY,t(4;18) (p15.2q11.2), while the mother showed a normal karyotype. SNP-array detected two microduplications at 18p11.32q11.2 (20.5 Mb) and 4p16.3p15.2 (24.7 Mb) in the fetus. The supernumerary marker chromosome carried by the fetus has derived from the balanced translocation carried by its father. The result was confirmed by FISH.

CONCLUSIONBased on the two microduplications, the fetus was diagnosed as Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome in conjunction with Edward syndrome. Verification of the origin of the supernumerary marker chromosome by SNP-array has provided a basis for prenatal genetic diagnosis.

Chromosome Banding ; Female ; Genetic Testing ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Karyotyping ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Diagnosis ; Trisomy 18 Syndrome ; genetics ; Wolf-Hirschhorn Syndrome ; genetics

OBJECTIVE: To explore the origin and mechanism of small supernumerary marker chromosomes (sSMC) in three fetuses. METHODS: The three fetuses were predicted to have carried chromosomal abnormalities by non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT). G-banding chromosomal karyotyping analysis were carried out on amniotic fluid samples of the fetuses and peripheral blood samples from their parents. Single nucleotide polymorphism array (SNP-array) was used to determine the origin, size and genetic effect of sSMCs. RESULTS: In fetus 1, SNP array has detected two microduplications respectively at 4p16.3p15.2 (24.7 Mb) and 18p11.32q11.2 (20.5 Mb) which, as verified by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), have derived from a balanced 46,XY,t(4;18)(p15.2q11.2) translocation carried by its father. Fetus 2 has carried a de novo microduplication of 15q11.2-q13.3 (9.7 Mb). The sequence of SMC in fetus 3 has derived from 21q11.2-q21.1 (8.3 Mb), which was inherited from its mother. CONCLUSION Both NIPT and SNP-array are highly accurate for the detection of sSMC. SNP-array can delineate the origin and size of abnormal chromosomes, which in turn can help with clarification of sSMC-related genotype-phenotype correlation and facilitate prenatal diagnosis and genetic counseling for the family.
Chromosome Duplication/genetics* ; Female ; Fetus ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Male ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Diagnosis ; Translocation, Genetic/genetics*