Objective To investigate the role of sex hormones and interleukin (IL)-6 in the pathogenesis of primary Sjgren′s syndrome (pSS). Methods Serum specimen of 21 postmenopausal patients with pSS and 21 postmenopausal healthy women were collected. Serum estradiol (E2) and testosterone (Te) were estimated by the commercial radioimmunoassay kits, whereas serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) were measured by enzyme-amplified chemiluminescence assay. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay kits were used to determine levels of IL-6 in serum. Results The DHEAS and the Te level in serum were lower in postmenopausal patients with pSS than in healthy controls (P0.05). The level of IL-6 in pSS patients was higher than that in controls (P0.05). Conclusion Primary Sj(?)gren′s syndrome, in which an altered metabolism of sex hormones has occured, appears to be influenced by the change of the levels of sex hormones and IL-6 in serum.

Objective To explore early clinical diagnosis of infant with cerebral palsy(CP). Methods Early diagnosis of cerebral palsy information abroad was referenced. DDST scale screening, newborn NBAS inspection stan-dards, VOJTA postural reflex and the nervous system reflective were used to evaluate the cerebral palsy. Results 90 cases CP of which 63 eases spastie. Xu mobile hand-foot-15 cases, 12 cases of mixed type. Conclusion Standardized,quantitative indicators,only workable and easy to use.

Objective To explore the incidence and risk factors of anti-tuberculosis (TB) drugs induced liver injury (ATDILI) and to discuss its impact on the treatment outcome of patients treated with first line anti-TB drugs.Methods Among the patients who received anti-TB treatment with directly-observed treatment strategy (DOTS),121 patients with ATDILI and 817 patients without ATDILI were included in this retrospective cohort study.Binary Logistic regression model was used to analyze the risk factors of ATDILI in univariate and multivariate analysis.The x2 test was used to compare the treatment success rates and drug resistant rates.Kaplan-Meier analysis and Log-rank test were used to compare the sputum smear/culture conversion rates and cavity closure rates.Results The incidence of ATDILI was 12.9％ (121/938) in this cohort.Multivariate Logistic regression showed that hepatitis B virus carrier with both hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) positive (OR=4.29,95％CI:2.15-8.58,P＜0.01),complicated with systemic lupus erythematosus (OR=3.34,95％CI:1.46-7.63,P=0.004),serum albumin ≤25 g/L (OR=3.14,95％CI:1.50-6.58,P=0.002) and alcoholism (OR=1.79,95％CI:1.14-2.82,P=0.012) were independent risk factors of ATDILI.The treatment failure rate in patients with ATDILI was significantly higher than that in patients without ATDILI (19.1％[24/121] vs8.0％[65/817],OR=2.86,95％CI:1.71-4.78,P＜0.01).The drug resistant rates of two groups were not significant different (4.1％[5/121] vs 1.7％[14/817],P＞0.05).The sputum smear/culture conversion rate (85.4％[41/48] vs 94.0％ [298/317],x2 =38.912,P＜0.01) and cavity closure rate (84.6％[22/26] vs 93.0％[198/213],x2 =20.709,P＜0.01) in patients with ATDILI were both significantly lower than those in patients without ATDILI.Conclusions The incidence of ATDILI is relatively high in hospitalized patients treated with first line anti-TB drugs.ATDILI has negative effects on treatment outcome of TB patient.Hepatitis B carrier with positive HBsAg and HBeAg,systemic lupus erythematosus,albumin ≤25 g/L and alcoholism may increase the risk of developing ATDILI.

The pharmacokinetics of 16-dehydropregnenolone (16-DHP),a sterols compound isolated from Solanum lyratum Thunb.,was investigated in rats following a single intramuscular administration (40 mg/kg).The concentration of 16-DHP in rat plasma was determined by a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method with UV detection.Levonorgestrel was used as the internal standard (IS).The pharmacokinetic parameters of 16-DHP were derived by non-compartmental method.After a single intramuscular administration,the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax,) was (289 ±25)ng/mL,time to reach Cmax(tmax) was (0.38±0.14) h,the elimination half-life (t1/2) was (2.5±1.1)h,the area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to the time of the last measurable concentration (AUC10-t)) was (544 ± 73 )ng· h/mL.The results indicated that 16-DHP was alsorbed quickly and eliminated rapidly in rats after the intramuscular injection.

Objective To investigate the tumor-inhibitory effect of cytokine-induced killer cells(CIK)co-cul-tured with dendritic cells (DC)pulsed by breast cancer stem cell antigen on the same tumor-bearing mice. Methods Breast cancer stem cells were isolated from the cell line of MCF-7/ADR and extract lyses antigen of the stem cell was saved. DC and CIK derived from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy individuals were co-cultured and pulsed or un-pulsed by the above antigen lyses. This DC+CIK were injected to breast tumorbearing mice (BCSC-AP-DC+CIK group), and were used to compared with the common breast cancer cell antigen (rather than breast cancer stem cell antigen) pulsed DC+CIK group(AP-DC+CIK group), DC+CIK group, CIK CIK group and normal saline group(NS group). The tumor-inhibitory effect were evaluated and compared among all 5 groups through the tumor size, TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling test (TUNEL), examining expression level of bcl-2 and bax by immunohistochemistry. Results The tumor size in each group before and after therapy and the tumor size after therapy between each group was of significant difference(P＜0.05). The maximum size is NS group(3.625±0.093)cm3 and BCSC-AP-DC+CIK group is minimum,which is (1.234±0.131)cm3. BC-SC-AP-DC+CIK group is of highest expression of bax and apoptotic index value, lowest bcl-2 expression in all 5 groups. Conclusion The CIK co-cultured with DC pulsed breast cancer stem cell antigen was more effective to induce apoptosis of breast cancer cells than those of CIK cells co-cultured with DC pulsed breast cancer cell antigen,CIK cells co-cultured with DC and CIK cells.

Neurodegenerative disease is characterized by progressive loss of neurons in specific brain regions that results in neuronal dysfunction of the central nervous system. Although the pathological mechanism is not fully established, the activation of glial cells mediated neuroinflammation appears to be involved. Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) is originally described as intracellular chaperone, which plays an important role in protein quality control in cells. However, recent study showed that up-regulation of HSP70 had anti-inflammatory effects in the brain. HSP70 protected neurons from damage and improved neurological function by decreasing inflammatory response as indicated by inactivation of glial cells and inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine release. So it is of great significance to find new compounds targeting at HSP70 as neuroprotective agents to delay the progress of neurodegenerative disease. This review will focus on the role of HSP70 in neuroinflammation and the recent advances in using HSP70 as a target for the treatment of neurodegenerative disease.

Objective To improve the diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) of the urinary tract in pediatric.Methods The retrospective study of 12 IMT was based on information retrieved from Beijing Children's Hospital from January 2006 to July 2015.The literatures of urinary IMT were reviewed.There were 12 cases of urinary IMT, with 8 cases in bladder, 2 in kidney, 1 in ureter and 1 in prostate.Mean age at surgery was 6.4 years old (range 2months-13 years), 6 cases males and 6 females.Tumor resection were performed in 11 patients, biopsy was performed only in 1 patient.Results HE staining revealed diffuse appearing spindle myofibroblastic cells admixed with inflammatory cells.Immunohistochemistry showed positive ration for following markers as ALK (8/12), CK18 (6/12), Desmin (7/12), SMA (8/12), Actin (1/2), Vimentin (9/12).Negative staining were seen for Myoglobin, S-100 and Ki-67 ＜ 20％.Patients were followed up in 10 cases, lost to follow-up in 2;the mean follow-up time was 14.4 months (range 3-31 months).All patients recovered well without relapse or metastasis.Condusions Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors of the urinary tract in pediatric were rare, without specific characteristic in clinical features and imaging.The main treatment of IMT is complete surgical excision.

Objective To discuss the clinical and pathological features of malignant rhabdoid tumor of the ureter (MRTU).Methods One case of MRTU was reported, a six-year-old girl was admitted to our hospital on May 29, 2014, and presented left loin pain 2 weeks, ultrasound showed gradually progressing hydronephrosis and hydroureter.During a physical examination, she felt tenderness in the left kidney area and no mass was palpable in abdomen.The ultrasound showed left sided gross hydroureteronephrosis and a round hyperechogenic mass in the inferior pole of the left ureter (In front of the left iliac vessel), with no obvious borders.Contrast-enhanced CT suggested a gross dilatation of the left kidney and ureter with a solidappearing lesion in the lower ureter;neither additional abdominal abnormalities nor enlarged lymph nodes were seen in both examinations.The surgery began with incision of left lower abdomen.The partial ureter of neoplasm was excised along with invaded psoas and posterior peritoneum by gross inspection, then ureteroureterostomy was performed.The severed ureter was completely blocked with the ill-defined neoplasm and was 3.3 cm in length and 2.1 cm in width.Results The ureteral neoplasm was excised,along with the invaded psoas and posterior peritoneum,after that ureteroureterostomy was performed.HE showed the diffuse large round nuclei, vesicular chromatin, prominent nucleoli cells, and moderate amounts of eccentrically placed eosinophilic cytoplasm.Immunohistochemical studies were positive for cytokeratin, epithelial membrance antigen and vimentin, negative for INI1, METU hereby was confirmed.She underwent a chemotherapy regimen consisting of ICE, alternating with VDC.Four courses chemotherapy (3 months) later,CT scan suggested hematogenous metastasis of lung.The family refused further treatment and the patient died of systemic metastasis eight months after surgery.Conclusion MRTU was a rare and highly aggressive tumor with a poor prognosis.

Objective To explore the clinical causes and preventive measures of complicating ascites of mini-percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (MPCNL).Methods Retrospective analysis of 285 patients with MPCNL for upper urinary tract calculus,which were divided into ascites group and no-ascites group.Results All the procedures were successful.Ascites group of 21 cases,no-ascites group of 264 cases.Univariate analysis showed that the diameter and number of calculus,perfusion pressure,perfusion time,pressure volume of irrigation fluid,preoperative upper urinary tract infection,history of treatment associated with complicating ascites (P＜ 0.05),with age,gender,body mass index no correlation (P＞ 0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that perfusion pressure,perfusion time,pressure volume of irrigation fluid was independent risk factors after MPCNL concurrent ascites (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions MPCNL concurrent ascites are closely related to the large perfusion volume,the long operative perfusion time,the high perfusion pressure of irrigation fluid.On the premise of keeping the operative visual field clear,as far as possible to reduce the perfusion pressure,control irrigation fluid-flow rate,reduce the large peffusion volume.These could decrease the coincidence of the ascites.

Objective To evaluate the impact of low dietary glycemic index on the risk of coronaryheart disease (CHD).Methods We searched the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews,JBI Database of Systematic Reviews,MEDLINE,EMbase,CBMdisk,and CNKI to collect cohort studies from 2000 to 2011.The quality of cohort studies was critically appraised and data were extracted by 4 reviewers independently.Meta-analysis were conducted for the eligible cohort studies using RevMan 5.0.Results Five cohort studies were included,and 128 911 samples were researched.The result of meta analysis indicated that low dietary glycemic index was a protective factor of CHD,RR value was 1.25,95％ CI was (1.13,2.15).Further more,the result was only effective to female,RR value was 1.35,95％ CI was (1.16,1.57),but not to male,RR value was 0.96,95％CI was (0.76,1.31).Conclusions Low dietary glycemic index can decrease the risk of CHD,but it is still to be proved whether it is suitable to male.