Objective To investigate the role of sex hormones and interleukin (IL)-6 in the pathogenesis of primary Sjgren′s syndrome (pSS). Methods Serum specimen of 21 postmenopausal patients with pSS and 21 postmenopausal healthy women were collected. Serum estradiol (E2) and testosterone (Te) were estimated by the commercial radioimmunoassay kits, whereas serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) were measured by enzyme-amplified chemiluminescence assay. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay kits were used to determine levels of IL-6 in serum. Results The DHEAS and the Te level in serum were lower in postmenopausal patients with pSS than in healthy controls (P0.05). The level of IL-6 in pSS patients was higher than that in controls (P0.05). Conclusion Primary Sj(?)gren′s syndrome, in which an altered metabolism of sex hormones has occured, appears to be influenced by the change of the levels of sex hormones and IL-6 in serum.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the application of antibacterials in liver transplanted patients of our hospital in order to improve the rational use of antibacterials in perioperative period of liver transplantation.METHODS According to the criteria of DDD and DUI recommended by WHO,a retrospective study of the application of antibacterials in 82 patients with liver transplantation who discharged hospital during from Jun 2003 to Jun 2005 was made.RESULTS Among the 82 patients,100.0% patients had received antibacterials and 48 patients received combined medication,in which 45.10% used two kinds and 13.41% used three kinds.The longest medication time was 49 days while the shortest was 10 days.Nineteen antibacterials′ DUI were all less than one except meropenem whose DUI was 1.03.CONCLUSIONS This study proved that patients with liver transplantation in our hospital received rational antibacterials.

Objective To identify strains of Acinetobacter(A.)calcoaceticus-A.baumannii complex accurately,and investigate the species distribution of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-A.baurnannii(ACB)complex isolated in Daping Hospital.Analysis the anti-biotics resistance of ACB complex.Methods A total of 95 clinica1 isolates of ACB complex were collected from Daping Hospital from February to April 2014,identify by sequence analysis of 1 6S rRNA gene spacer region.Use VITEK-2compact automatic iden-tification of bacteria by susceptibility meter to detect the precise identification of all ACB complex group of drug sensitivity.Results Among all the 95 strains of ACB complex identification results were A.baumanni (81,85.26%),A.pittii(10,10.53%),A.noso-comialis (4,4.21%).A.baumannii to third generation cephalosporins,aminoglycosides and carbapenem antibiotic resistance in seri-ous condition,the sensitive rate was only about 20.00%.But A.pittii and A.nosocomialis had a high sensitivity rate to commonly used antibiotics.Conclusion VITEK-2 Compact automatic identification of bacteria susceptibility meter has limitations in identifica-tion of Acinetobacter,with analysis of 1 6S rRNA gene sequencing,the ACB complex could be accurately identified.There is signifi-cant difference in the composite group-resistant characteristics of each species,clinical infection is also various.

To explore the clinical significance of serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI) for the detection of myocardial injury in children with Kawasaki disease (KD) in acute stage, the levels of serum cTn I, creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (GOT) were determined in 40 children with KD and 23 controlled children without heart disease, respectively. The results showed that the levels of serum cTn I and CK-MB in the KD group were significantly higher than those in the controlled group (P＜0.001),while no obviously differences of CK, LDH and GOT were noticed between two groups (P＞0.05). cTn I was more sensitive comparing to CK-MB for the detection of myocardial injury (P＜0.05). It is concluded that the determination of cTn I and CK-MB will be available for the diagnosis of myocardial injury in children with KD in acute stage, and the determination of cTn I is more sensitivity and specificity comparing to CK-MB.

Background Small incision cataract surgery combined with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation remains a popular way for cataract.However,some factors affect the postsurgical visual outcomes and lower the patients' satisfaction,including intraoperative and postoperative complications as well as corneal refractive and thickness changes.Objective This study was to evaluate the influence of corneal refractive and thickness changes on visual fluctuation after 2.6 mm temporal incision surgery for cataract.Methods A series cases-observational study was designed.Twenty-nine eyes of 25 age-related cataract patients received 2.6 mm temporal transparent incision phacoemulsification and IOL implantation from November,2011 through April,2012 in Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University under the informed consent.The uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA),best corrected visual acuity (BCVA),automatic and subjective refraction were examined,and the central corneal thickness (CCT) and corneal vector astigmatism were measured using Pentacam analysis system before and after operation.The examination outcomes were compared among different time points,and the influencing factors of UCVA or BCVA were analyzed.Results The mean UCVA (LogMAR) was 0.52±0.06 in 1 day and 0.64±0.07 in 2 months after surgery,with a significant difference between them (t=-3.051,P＜0.05).The mean BCVA (LogMAR) was 0.24±0.04 and 0.13± 0.04 in postoperative 1 day and 2 months,showing a significant difference between them (t =-3.031,P＜0.05).Spherical equivalents (SE) were (-1.74±0.28) D,(-1.99±0.27) D and (-1.69±0.24) D in postoperative 1 day,14 days and 60 days,respectively,with a significant difference among the 3 time points (F =3.562,P =0.039),and significant difference also was found between postoperative 1 day and 14 days (t =2.515,P＜0.05) or between postoperative 14 days and 60 days (t =-2.987,P ＜ 0.05).The preoperative J0 value was (0.06 ± 0.06) D,and postoperative J0 value was (0.29±0.08) D on the first day,which was significant higher than that in preoperation (t =-4.625,P＜0.01).In addition,J0 value showed a significant difference between postoperative 1 day and 14 days (t=-7.858,P＜0.01) as well as between postoperative 14 days and 2 months ([0.38±0.07] D versus [0.27±0.07] D,t=-5.649,P＜0.01).The mean CCT was (547.1±25.3) μm,(599.4±56.9) μm,(557.0±27.1) μm and (551.0 ± 25.9) μm before and 1 day,14 and 60 days after operation,with significant differences among the various time points (F =9.792,P ＜ 0.001),and significant differences also were seen in the CCT between preoperation and postoperative 1 day (t =-5.116,P＜0.01),between postoperative 1 day and 14 days (t =4.135,P＜ 0.01),between postoperative 14 days and 60 days (t=2.082,P＜0.05).UCVA=0.513-1.183×C J45(F=16.724;t=-4.089,P=0.026) and BCVA=-1.314+0.003×CCT (F=22.322;t=4.725,P=0.018).Conclusions The UCVA remains a downward trend,and BCVA sustains upward trend after 2.6 mm temporal transparent incision phacoemulsification combined with IOL implantation surgery.Postoperative UCVA is affected by corneal astigmatism change,while BCVA is influenced by CCT change.

Objective To observe the effects of Qingjiefang on insulin resistance and reduction of microalbuminuria in early diabetic nephropathy.Methods A total of 64 patients with early diabetic nephropathy were randomly recruited into a control group and a treatment group.The control group(32 cases)was treated with conventional western medicine,while the treatment group(32 cases)was treated with Qingjiefang based on the control group.The changes of the fasting plasma glucose(FPG),2hBG,glycosylated hemoglobin(HbAlC),fasting Insulin(FINS),24 hours urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER).body mass index(BMI)and insulin resistance(IR)were observed before and after the treatment.Results After the treatment,FINS,IR and UAER were decreased in the treatment group,the comparison with the control group showed significant difference (P<0.05).Conclusion Qingjiefang can effectively improve insulin resistance and prevent early diabetic nephropathy.

Objective To investigate the effects of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 activation by capsaicin on the oxidative stress in lipopolysaccharide-induced lung injury in mice in order to elucidate the potential mechanisms.Methods A total of 108 specific pathogen free (SPF) ICR male mice were randomly divided into six groups:normal control group (n =18),capsaicin control group (CAP control group,n =18),capsazepine control group (CAPZ control group,n =18),acute lung injury group (n =18),capsaicin treatment group (CAP treatment group,n =18) and capsazepine treatment group (CAPZ treatment group,n =18).After modeling,superoxide dismutase (SOD),catalase (CAT) and malondiachehyche (MDA) levels in lung were measured with the method of chromatometry,and the expression of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) in lung tissue was assessed with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA),while the level of NF-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) was determined by western blotting and the expression of Nrf2 mRNA was measured by RTPCR.Pathological changes of lung tissue were observed under light microscope.Results The activities of SOD and CAT in lung tissue at 3,8,16 h were dramatically lower in acute lung injury group than those in normal control group (P ＜ 0.05),while the level of MDA was higher.Compared with acute lung injury group,the lung levels of SOD and CAT at 8 h and 16 h were higher in CAP treatment group (P ＜0.05),while the lung level of MDA was lower (P ＜ 0.05).The levels of SOD and CAT in CAPZ treatment group were decreased at 8 h and 16 h,while the levels of MDA in this group were increased at 3,8,16 h (P ＜0.05).The pulmonary levels of HO-1,Nrf2 and expression of Nrf2 mRNA were significantly higher in acute lung injury group than those in normal control group (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with acute lung injury group,the levels of HO-1,NRF2 and expression of NRF2 mRNA were increased markedly in CAP treatment group (P ＜ 0.05)and were obviously decreased in CAPZ treatment group (P ＜0.05).At 8 h,16 h after modeling,the degree of lung damage was ameliorated in CAP treatment group compared with acute lung injury group under light microscope,while the lung damage was aggravated in CAPZ treatment group.Conclusions The activation of TRPV1 could apparently up-regulate the levels of CAT,SOD,Nrf2,HO-1,and reduce the MDA level in lung tissue of mice with acute lung injury,ultimately protecting the endotoxemia mice from oxidative stress.

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinicopathological characteristics of non-diabetic renal diseases (NDRD) in the patients with diabetes mellitus.MethodsClinicopatholigical data of 202 patients with diabetes mellitus and NDRD identified by renal biopsy from January 1st,2003 to December 31st,2010 were analyzed retrospectively.All the patients were divided into three groups:the young (≤35 years old),the middle-aged (36-59 years old) and the elder (≥60 years old).Clinicopathological characteristics were compared among 3 groups.ResultsIn the young group (n=33),42.4％ of patients presented as chronic glomerulonephritic syndrome,while 36.4％ as IgA nephropathy for pathology.In the middle-aged group(n=136),35.3％ of patients presented as chronic glomerulonephritic syndrome,27.2％ as nephritic syndrome,17.6％ as chronic renal failure,14.7％ as latent glomerulonephritis,and 5.1％ as acute renal failure,while42.6％ as IgA nephropathy for pathology.In the elder group(n=33),30.3％ of patients presented as nephritic syndrome,30.3％ as chronic renal failure,while 27.3％ as membranous nephropathy for pathology.ConclusionsIn clinical manifestation,young patients are mainly chronic glomerulonephritic syndrome,middle-aged patients are diversified,and elder patients are mainly nephritic syndrome andchronicrenalfailure. Inpathology, youngandmiddle-agedpatientsaremainlyIgA nephropathy,and elder patients are mainly membranous nephropathy.

Objective To systematically review the effect of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in an animal model of lung injury induced by paraquat (PQ),and to provide a theoretical basis for future clinical trials.Methods The Wanfang,CNKI,VIP,PubMed/MEDLINE,EMBASE database (from January 1979 to September 2012) were searched.All papers concerning TCM in animal model of lung injury induced by PQ were retrieved.Study selection and data extraction were performed on the basis of Cochrane systematic review methods.Weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95％ confidence interval (95％CI) with random effects model was adopted to investigate the effect of TCM on lung injury induced by PQ.Results Eighteen papers involving 1 188 rats met our criteria.Meta-analysis showed that TCM could improve the lung coefficiency (WMD-0.07,95％ CI-0.14 to-0.01,P=0.03),reduce lung wet/dry weight ratio (WMD-1.15,95％CI-2.03 to-0.27,P=0.01),increase the serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (WMD 56.08,95％CI 23.46 to 88.70,P=0.000 8),improve plasma glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) level (WMD 26.64,95％CI 18.95 to 34.33,P＜0.000 01),and lower serum malondialdehyde(MDA) level (WMD-0.65,95％CI-1.00 to-0.30,P=0.000 2),however there was no significant difference in the level of serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and hydroxyproline (HYP) level between TCM and controls (TNF-α:WMD-25.15,95％CI-54.87 to 4.57,P=0.10; HYP:WMD-0.11,95％CI-2.71 to 0.48,P=0.17).Conclusions These findings demonstrate the efficacy of TCM in animal models of lung injury induced by PQ.However taking account of heterogeneity,the efficacy should be interpreted with caution.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects of rapamycin (RAPA) on concanavalin A (ConA)-induced acute autoimmune hepatitis in a mouse model and to analyze the possible mechanism.Methods Thirty eight-week-old female C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into three groups including control group,ConA model group and ConA + RAPA treatment group.The levels of alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in serum samples were measured after injection of mice with ConA for 24 hours for assessing the liver function.Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to observe the hepatic pathological changes in mice.Splenocytes were harvested 24 h after ConA injection for the detection of the percentages of splenic DCs,CD4+T,CD8+T and CD4+ Foxp3+ Treg cells as well as the expression of co-stimulatory molecules (CD40,CD80 and CD86) on DCs by using flow cytometry.Results The levels of ALT and AST in mice from the RAPA treatment group were significantly lower than those of the ConA model group.Results of the HE staining assay showed that the liver damages in RAPA treated mice were less severe than those in mice from the ConA model group.Compared with mice form the ConA model group,those treated with RAPA showed decreased percentages of splenic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells,inhibited expression of CD80 and CD86 on splenic DCs,but increased percentages of splenic CD4+ Foxp3+ Treg cells.No statistically significant differences in the percentages of splenic DCs and the expression of CD40 were observed between the RAPA treatment group and the ConA model group.Conclusion The immunosuppressive effects of RAPA on mice with ConA-induced hepatitis might be achieved through the regulation of immune cells including DCs and T cells in spleen tissues.This study might pave the way for further investigation on the prevention and treatment of autoimmune hepatitis.