Objective To observe the effects of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)from pulmonary stromal cells on differentiation and function of mature dendritic cells (mDC) and the immune tolerance. Methods Co-culture system of murine pulmonary stroma cells (MPSC)/mDC was established as control group,and VEGF-Ab add-on treatment to co-culture cells as experimental group.Cytokines secreted from pulmonary stroma cells were detected by RT-PCR.The expression of cellular phenotype and ability of the mDC-induced T cells reproductive activity were detected by flow cytometry and CCK-8,respectively.Results CD86 expression of VEGF-Ab group was higher than of control group (P ＜ 0.05).There was no difference in the ability of mDC-induced T cells reproductive activity between the two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusions VEGF might be involved in the regulation of immune tolerance by reducing expression of CD86 in dendritic cells.

Objective To explore the effect of dexmedetomidine on upper limb surgery during brachial plexus block anesthesia and its influence on cognitive function.MethodsFrom May 2015 to May 2016, 60 cases of elbow joint operation patients were studied.The patients were randomly divided into control group (local anesthesia combined with physiological saline) and observation group (using local anesthesia drugs with dexmedetomidine).The mean arterial pressure and heart rate before and after anesthesia in two groups were compared.The changes of anesthesia and cognitive function, and the incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.ResultsCompared with before anesthesia, the mean arterial pressure and heart rate were significantly lower in the two groups (P<0.05).The mean arterial pressure and heart rate in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05).There was no significant difference between the two groups in the onset time of motor block sensory block, while the observation group was significantly longer than the control group (P<0.05).The control group patients with Ramsay score below 3 points, a total of 4 cases, accounting for the observation group of patients with Ramsay score of less than 3 points, a total of 24 cases, accounting for 80%, the observation group was significantly better than the control group (P<0.05) sedative effect.Compared with before anesthesia, two groups of patients with postoperative 20min MMSE score were lower, but the observation group MMSE score was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05).There was no significant difference in adverse reactions between the two groups.ConclusionIn the following surgery, the use of local anesthesia combined with dexmedetomidine anesthesia can prolong the time of nerve tissue, and can obtain better sedation and pain, and has little effect on the cognitive function of patients.

ObjectiveTo explore the clinical characteristics of reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome ( RPLS ),in order to deepen the awareness of the disease.MethodsThe clinical data of 11 patients with RPLS in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsIn the 11 cases with RPLS,there were two cases of pregnancy induced hypertension,preeclampsia(38 weeks pregnant),four eases of chronic renal insufficiency,four cases of malignant hypertension,and one case of lung cancer after chemotherapy.The main clinical presentations were headache,abnormality of visual perception,mental and behavioral abnormalities,ataxia,epileptic seizure and so on.The neuroimaging performances were extensive white matter abnormalities of the rear of the bilateral cerebral hemispheres,such as the parietal-occipital temporal lobe lesions,also involving the brain stem,cerebellum,thalamus and other parts.ConclusionThe clinical characteristics and neuroimaging performances of RPLS has certain characteristics,the majority of lesions were reversible,if the early diagnosis and treatment,the prognosis is usually good.

Objective To analyze the implementation effects of peer-assisted learning on critical thinking ability of undergraduate nursing students. Methods A total of 411 college nursing students were selected with 203 students of Class One, Class Three, and Class Five from Grade 2012 majoring in nursing were taken as the control group, 208 students of Class Two, Class Four, and Class Six as the experimental group. In the course of basic nursing practice, the control group was trained by the traditional practice, and the experimental group was trained by the way of peer mutual aid. Critical thinking disposition inventory Chinese version (CTDI-CV) was adopted to evaluate the level of critical thinking ability of the nursing students of both groups. SPSS 17.0 was used and the data of the two groups were compared by t test. Results The score of experimental group students' critical thinking ability and the score of 7 dimensions including their seeking truth, analysis ability, self-confidence, inquisitiveness, cognitive maturity, open mind and systematic ability were higher than those before the experiment (P<0.05). The total score of the experimental group students' critical thinking ability and the score of 5 dimensions including seeking truth , analysis ability, self-confidence, curiosity and cognitive maturity were higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Peer-assisted learning is beneficial to the improvement of critical thinking ability of nursing undergraduate students.

Hyperglycemia has been identified as one of the important factors involved in the microvascular complications of diabetes, and has been related to increased cardiovascular mortality. Endothelial damage and dysfunction result from diabetes; therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the response of endothelial cells to stressful stimuli, modelled in normal and high glucose concentrations in vitro. Eahy 926 endothelial cells were cultured in 5 mmol/L or 30 mmol/L glucose conditions for a 24 hour period and oxidative stress was induced by exposure to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or tumour necrosis factor- α (TNF- α ), following which the protective effect of the glucocorticoid dexamethasone was assessed. Apoptosis, necrosis and cell viability were determined using an ELISA for DNA fragmentation, an enzymatic lactate dehydrogenase assay and an MTT assay, respectively. High glucose significantly increased the susceptibility of Eahy 926 cells to apoptosis in the presence of 500 μmol/L H2O2, above that induced in normal glucose (P<0.02). A reduction of H2O2- and TNF- α -induced apoptosis occurred in both high and low glucose after treatment with dexametha-sone (P<0.05). Conclusion high glucose is effective in significantly augmenting stress caused by H2O2, but not in causing stress alone. These findings suggest a mechanism by which short term hyperglycemia may facilitate and augment endothelial damage.

The technologies that we call cell micropatterning allow the control of the shape and size of cell adhesion. Combination of micro/nano technology, surface chemistry, electrochemistry and photochemistry enables us to control the adhesion, migration, differentiation of cells and the interactions between different types of cells. These methodologies bring about a new platform for the studies of cell biology. A number of techniques for cell patterning and compares their advantages and disadvantages were reviewed in this article. The applications of cell micropatterning, including those for fundamental studies in cell biology, tissue engineering and cell-based biosensors were also discussed.

Objective To investigate the distribution of free Ca 2+ and characterization of Ca 2+ channel in the cultured 11～15 week human embryonic retina. Methods The cells from 11～15 week embryonic retina were dissociated enzymatically and cultured on coated cover slides. Three weeks later, Fluo3, a Ca 2+ indicator, was added in Ca 2+ containing or no Ca 2+ Hepes buffer and incubated with retinal cells for 30 min, meanwhile with or without verapamil, perdipine, or dexamethasone adding. Ca 2+ staining and Ca 2+ transit before and after 10 ?mol/L or 50 ?mol/L KCl stimulation was observed and recorded using Zeiss LM510 confocal laser scanning microscopy. Results In response to K + exposure, a rapid rise of free Ca 2+ in cytoplasma and nuclei of neuron and glial cell was observed, but was repressed with the treatment of verapamil, perdipine, or dexamethasone. The obvious Ca 2+ influx from cytoplasma into nuclei was observed even in the absence of external Ca 2+ . Conclusion L type Ca 2+ channel was expressed and functionally matured in the cultured early stage human embryonic retina.

Objective To establish a culture system in vitro of fetal and adult human retinal neural cells provide a model for the basic research of retinal neural cells and the medicinal exploitation. Methods Fetal human retinas(10~13 weeks after conception) and adult human retinas(20~40 years old) were dissected, dissociated, and put into culture plate which was coated with polylysine or rat tail gel. Specific growth factor EGF?FGF? BDNF or NT-4 were added to the culture medium. BrdU incorporation, Tunnel assessment and immuno-histochemistry and immuno-fluorescent staining were applied to determine cells proliferation, apoptosis and identify the component of cultured cells. Results Fetal human retinal cells and adult human retinal cells survived for up to 100 and 180 days in vitro. The addition of EGF?FGF? BDNF or NT-4 promoted the survival of both fetal and adult retinal neurons and stimultated proliferation of fetal retinal cells. The neurons or the rate of ganglion cells was observed with higher percentage in the group with growth factor adding than the group without. Conclusion Fetal and adult human retinal cells can be maintained in vitro and the fetal cells also can be expanded, which are helpful to generate retinal neurons for basic research and drug exploitation. The exogenous growth factors added to the culture medium can promote survival, proliferation and differentiation of retinal cells in culture.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF),fibroblast growth factor(FGF), and bovine serum on proliferation and apoptosis of the cultured fetal human retinal cells.MethodsEGF and FGF were added or not to the medium of fetal human retinal cells cultured by bovine serum in vitro. The number of cells, bromodeoxyuridine(BrdU) incorporation and Tdt-mediated dUTP nick end labelling(TUNEL) were detected to determine the proliferation and apoptosis. Immunohistochemical staining of neuron specific enolase(NSE), Thy1.1, glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP) and scan electromicroscopy were performed to identify cell components. The expression of transcription factor c-fos, c-jun and apoptosis regulation factor bcl-2 and Bax were examined by immunohistochemical staining to explore the underlying mechanism.ResultsThe increased number of NSE and Thy1.1 positive cells and BrdU incorporation, and decreased apoptotic cells were found in the groups treated with EGF and FGF. Meanwhile, the up-regulation of c-fos, c-jun and bcl-2 were also found.ConclusionEGF and FGF can promote the survival and proliferation of cultured retinal cells by up-regulating the expression of c-fos, c-jun and bcl-2.

Objective To explore pathological changes of optic nerve in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis(EAE).Methods Established the Wistar rat models of EAE by footpad injection of guinea pig spinal cord homogenates and CFA.Animals were executed 6 days after disease onset,and optic nerves,brains and spinal cords were removed for light(HE staining and LFB staining) and electron microscope pathological analysis.Results Various degrees of inflammation and demyelination of brains and spinal cords were found in the rats of EAE group.All the EAE rats had optic neuropathy mainly manifested as inflammation and demyelination under light microscope.Demyelination changes were more apparente than inflammation in optic nerves.Electron microscope observes decreased number of myelin sheaths and Oligodendrocytes(OLGs),OLGs karyopycnosis and the loosed myelin sheaths and their disassociation from axons were also found nearby.Conclusions Optic neuropathy is obvious in this rat model of EAE,mainly manifested as optic inflammation and demyelination.