Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)has certain advantages in the treatment of chronic liver diseases,especially chronic inflam-matory injury and liver fibrosis.However,the studies on medicinal components and action mechanism of TCM prescriptions are confronted with a great challenge.The computational pharmacology methods used in recent years,mainly including virtual screening technique,omics technologies,and network pharmacology approaches,as well as their application in TCM research,are presented;given the previous re-search work,the progress in research on active ingredients and action mechanism of TCM prescriptions using computational pharmacology methods is reviewed.It is thought that computational pharmacology techniques combined with conventional molecular biological and pharma-cological methods are an important research strategy for the material basis and action mechanism of TCMprescriptions for treating chronic liv-er diseases.

Garcinia plants are one of the rich sources of natural xanthones and benzophenones which have attracted a great deal of attention from the scientists in the fields of chemistry and pharmacology. Recently, many structurally unique constituents with various bioactivities, especially anti-tumor activity, have been isolated from Garcinia plants. This concise review focused on the anti-cancer activity natural products isolated from Chinese Garcinia plants, and the research finding by authors and collaborators over the past several years were cited.

The combination of high-speed countercurrent chromatography and rapid bioactive assay is a desirable method in the screening of bioactive components from CMM and natural products.This review focused on the application status of high-speed countercurrent chromatography to the rapid screening of bioactive components from CMM and natural products based on our previous studies and the recent progress over it.

Various species of Garcinia Linn.have been widely used as food and folk medicines,for their significant economic and pharmaceutical values.As the development of modern analysis technology,many phytochemistry methods were applied in the research of Garcinia Linn.,in which especially the liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS),was increasingly used in chemical study for its rapid and accurate analysis.In this article,based on the published articles,the LC-MS methods used in the study of Garcinia Linn.,including the qualitative analysis,new compounds discovery and quantitative analysis were reviewed,and it would provide some information for the study of C arcinia Linn.in the future.

This study aimed at preparing the chemical reference substance of garcinol.A preparative high-speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC) was adopted for the isolation of garcinol from the twigs of Garcinia multifiora Champ,G.esculenta Y.H.Li and the fruits of G.xanthochymus Hook.f.ex T.Anders.The crude extracts were separated by HSCCC with two phase solvent systems composed of n-hexane-ethyl acetate-95％ ethanol-water (8∶8∶12∶4,volume ratio) using the upper stationary phase and the lower mobile phase.Under the conditions of a flow rate of 2.0 and 4.0 mL· min-1,and the apparatus rotation at 850 rpm,the column temperature at 25℃ and the detection wavelength at 254 nm,the fraction containing garcinol was purified by the Sephadex LH20 chromatography.The purity test in the extracts was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography.As a result,the contents of garcinol were 45,281 and 4080mg respectively separated from 104.765 g twigs of G.multiflora Champ,105.270 g G.esculenta Y.H.Li and 102.318 g the fruits of G.xanthochymus Hook.f.ex T.with the purity of 98.72％,98.36％ and 98.42％.Compared with the sample pretreatments and separation efficiency of the three plants,it was found that the fat-soluble extracts rapidly and efficiently extracted using n-hexane-ethyl acetate-95％ ethanol-water (5∶5∶5∶5,volume ratio) contained abundant garcinol taking fruits of G.xanthochymus Hook.f.ex T as the raw material with the combination of HSCCC and Sephadex LH-20 chromatography.In conclusion,it was indicated that the combination method is efficient with high operability and large preparation quantity.

Objective To observe the toxic reaction caused by short time contact with some common disinfectants such as 0.2% sodium hypochlorite,2%acetic acid and 2% glutaraldehyde and0.2%acetic acid,through wounded skin of laboratory animals and laborers.Methods Toxicity experiments of these disinfectants by artificial skin wound were carried on in guinea pigs,and the poisoning performance and the death situation of guinea pigs were observed.Results Light edema was caused by using 2% acetic acid,and the symptom disappeared after 3 days;it appeared the symptom of red bump and hemorrhagic spots after use 2% glutaraldehyde,and ecdysis occured after 4days,the red bump disappeared after 5 days with a brownish discoloration left;it didn't appear any toxic reaction by using 0.2% sodium hypochlorite and 0.2%acetic acid.Conclusion There was toxic effect of 2% acetic acid and 2% glutaraldehyde to animals and laborers.

Objective To evaluate the effects of butorphanol pretreatment on myocardial damage induced by limb ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in rats.Methods One hundred and eight male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 180-220 g,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =36 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (group S),I/R group and butorphanol pretreatment group (group B).Limb ischemia was induced by occlusion of bilateral hind limbs for 2 h followed by reperfusion in I/R and B groups.At 10 min before ischemia,butorphanol 0.2 mg/kg was injected via the right jugular vein in group B,while the equal volume of normal saline was injected in group I/R.Six rats were chosen randomly before ischemia (baseline,T0) and at 2,6,12,24 and 48 h after reperfusion (T1-5) and blood samples were taken from the abdominal aorta for determination of the serum creatine kinase isoenzyme-MB (CK-MB) activity and cardiac troponin Ⅰ (cTnI) concentration.The animals were then sacrificed and myocardial specimens were obtained for determination of myocardial apoptosis (using TUNEL) and the expression of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) (using Western blot analysis).Apoptosis index was calculated.Results Compared with group S,the serum CK-MB and cTnI levels were significantly increased at T1-5,and the apoptosis index and expression of JNK and ERK were increased at T2-5 in group I/R (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group I/R,the pathological changes of myocardium were significantly reduced at T4,the serum CK-MB and cTnI levels were decreased at T2-5,the apoptosis index was decreased at T4,5,the expression of ERK was up-regulated at T2-5,and the expression of JNK was down-regulated at T2-4 (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Butorphanol pretreatment can reduce apoptosis in myocardial cells through activating MAPK signal transduction pathway,up-regulating ERK expression and down-regulating JNK expression,thus attenuating myocardial damage induced by limb I/R in rats.

This study is to establish a method for simultaneously determination of five nucleosides and nucleobases, including hypoxanthine, uridine, adenine, guanosine and adenosine in Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch. which was collected from different regions in China. A Diamonsil C18 column (250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 microm) was used. Acetonitrile and 0.04 mol L(-1) potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution were adopted as mobile phase with gradient elution. The flow rate was 1 mL min(-1) and column temperature was 30 degrees C. The detection wavelength was at 254 nm. The method had good linearity over the range of 1.0 - 16.0 microg mL(-1) (r2 = 0.999 8), 5.0 - 80.0 microg mL(-1) (r2 = 0.999 8), 1.0 - 16.0 microg mL(-1) (r2 = 0.999 5), 1.25 - 20.0 microg mL(-1) (r2 = 0.999 8) and 1.0 - 16.0 microg mL(-1) (r2 = 0.999 8) for hypoxanthine, uridine, adenine, guanosine and adenosine, respectively. The average recoveries were between 98.8% and 100.7%. The content of hypoxanthine, uridine, adenine, guanosine and adenosine in Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch. from different regions was significantly different. This established method was sensitive and reliable for the quantification of five chemical constituents in Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch.

Twenty eight polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) patients complicated with insulin resistance, whose testosterone and luteinizing hormone levels were normal, received metformin treatment (500 mg b.i.d) for 3 months.Blood anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels, endocrine and metabolic parameters were measured before and after treatment.The mean levels of AMH were not significantly changed after 3 months of treatment [(8.4±3.2) vs.(8.5±3.2) μg/L, P=0.148].However, the BMI[(27.6±4.1) vs.(29.3±4.4)kg/m2], fast glucose[(5.32±0.47) vs.(5.55±0.71)mmol/L], fast insulin [(93.3±17.8) vs.(147.7±44.1)pmol/L] and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (3.17±0.71 vs.5.27±1.85) were significantly decreased after treatment (all P<0.05).The results indicate that metformin treatment may not significantly affect serum AMH levels, although it can improve the insulin resistance and reduce the BMI value in PCOS patients.

Objective To investigate the awareness of osteoporosis and its influential factors in middle-aged and older people. Methods By using self-designed questionnaire, 354 middle-aged and old people were investigated as to their awarness of osteoporosis in Chajiao street community in Guangzhou. Among them, 58 people were measured the bone density in the calcaneal bone by Ultrasound. Results The average score of the questionnaire was 9.46 ± 5.13, and the accuracy was 39.4%. In the diagnosis and treatment, the accuracy was just 17.8%. The diet (the accuracy in 54%) and sport (the accuracy in 50.3%) were good. The statistical analyses showed the linear relationship between the T value of bone density and the age (P = 0.021), between the T value and the score (P = 0.047). Wilcoxon rank sum test found that the T value between female and male was significantly different (Z = -3.749, P < 0.000). With multiple linear regression analysis, the T value had a linear correlation with the score (F = 4.224, P = 0.045) positively. Conclusions Currently, the awareness of osteoporosis in the middle-aged and old people was inadequate. To better prevent osteoporosis, the propogation of knowledge and guidance provided by clinicians in osteoporosis should be improved necessarily and emergently.