Objective To investigate the impact of triptolide (TP) on proliferation and apoptosis of imatanib resistant CML cell (K562/G01) and its regulating effect on Wnt/β3-catenin signal pathway.Methods A series of 10,20,40,and 80 nmol/L of triptolide were used in CML cells K562/G01 for 12,24,and 48 hours.The cell proliferation was detected with methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) test.The apoptosis was assessed with flow cytometry (FCM).The mRNA expressions of breakpoint cluster region-c-abl (BCR-ABL),β-catenin and its down-stream targets Lef-1,and cyclinD1 were analyzed with real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR),respectively.Results Triptolide significantly inhibited K562/G01 cell growth ability and induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner.Mter being treated with 20,40 nmol/L TP for 24 hours,the cell growth inhibition rates were (22.62 ± 1.33) ％,and (51.41 ±1.39) ％,respectively.The late apuptosis rates were (6.91 ± 0.14) ％,and (7.64 ± 0.47) ％,respectively.Meanwhile,PCR data showed that the mRNA levels of BCR-ABL were decreased,compared to the control group,the mRNA levels of β-catenin,Lef-1,and cyclinD1 were also decreased obviously after treatment.Conclusions Our data indicated that the triptolide could inhibit the proliferation and induce the apoptosis of K562/G01,and the mechanism might be related to the blockade of Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway.

Objective To investigate the effects of paravertebral injection of different concentrations of adriamycin on motor conduction function in rats. Methods Eighty healthy male Wistar rats weighing 250-300 gwere randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 20 each): 3 adriamycin groups receiving paravertebral injection of 0.3%, 0.5% and 1.0% adriamycin 10 μl respectively (group A1, A2, A3) and control group (group C)receiving equal volume of normal saline (NS) instead of adriamycin. The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal 3% pentobarbital 40 mg/kg. A right paramedian incision was made in the back from L3 to S1.L4,5,5,6 intervertebral foramina were exposed. 0.3%, 0.5% and 1.0% adriamycin and NS 10 pl were injected into the intervertebral foramina in group A1, A2, A3 and C respectively. Spinal motor evoked pontential (SMEP)was measured at 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks (T1-4)after paravertebral injection. Results The latent period of SMEP was significantly prolonged and the amplitude decreased at T1-4 in group A3 as compared with group A1, A2 and C.Conclusion Paravertebral injection of 1.0% adriamycin can significantly depress motor conduction function.

Objective To evaluate the capability of model for end-stage liver disease (MELD)combined with serum sodium (MELD- Na,MELDNa and MESO scores) in predicting the prognosis of patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis in 6 and 12 months.Methods One hundred and nineteen patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis and completed follow-up data were retrospectively studied.The MELD,MELD- Na,MELDNa and MESO scores were calculated according to the clinical data of each patient.Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the area under the curve (AUC) was used to measure the values of the four models in predicting the 6 and 12 months survival,and Z-test was used to compare their predictive values.Results MELD,MELD-Na,MELDNa and MESO scores were significantly different between patients who survived and those who died within 6 and 12 months follow-up.The AUC for the MELD- Na,MELDNa and MESO scores were all more than 0.8 in predicting 6 and 12 months survival.However the differences of the AUC between the MELD score and MELD-Na,MELDNa,MESO scores were not significant in predicting 6 and 12 months survival.Conclusion The model for MELD combined with serum sodium can accurately predict the prognosis of patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis in 6 and 12 months,while these scores are not superior to MELD score.

Early small hepatocellular carcinoma (SHCC) can be cured by surgery and interventional operation to improve the survival rate of paitents,so the accurate diagnosis of SHCC is of great significance.Presently,the dynamic contrast-enhanced MR scan could only obtain single arterial phase imaging by single breath hold,and it had breathing motion artifact because of the long scanning time.The early arterial transient enhancement of SHCC was easy to be misdiagnosed.The CAIPIRINHA-Dixon-TWIST-VIBE (CDT-VIBE) sequence couldobtain high-quality multiple arterial phases images and hepatic arterial dominant (HAD) images in short-time scanning.And it could not only detect small focal lesions which were difficult to find by other imaging examination,but also find the start enhanced difference between lesions which were relevant to lesions property and blood supplement.The CDT-VIBE has a high clinical value in diagnosis and treatment of SHCC.The research progresses of CDT-VIBE in diagnosis of SHCC was reviewed in this article.

In this paper, the patent of traditional medicines of type-2 diabetes mellitus before 2014 were searched, totally 1 229 patent family information were obtained. The patent information including developing trends, geographic distribution, competitive agencies, technical focus, herbs preferences and so on were analyzed. China is in a leader position on the number of applying patent of using traditional medicine to treat type-2 diabetes mellitus, and the main applications were research institutes, universities and pharmaceutical enterprises. Although the views and theo-ries on treatment of type-2 diabetes mellitus are variety and abound, the most frequently used traditional medicines are tonics and heat-clearing. This article reflected the history, clinical treatment way, developments, application of the diabetes traditional drugs after a meta-analysis,efforts to guide a better understanding and further research.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of adriamycin injection around trigeminal ganglion via foramen ovale for treatment of trigeminal neuralgia under the guidance of X-ray and neurostimulator.Methods 0.5% adriamycin 0.5 ml was injected into foramen ovale under the guidance of X-ray and neurostimulator in 78 patients with primary trigeminal neuralgia.Correct location of needle tip wax confirmed by lidocaine injection.THe patients were followed up for 24 months after adriamycin injection.The rate of effectiveness,excellent/good rate,compile remission rate and recurence rate were calculated.The complications were observed.Results On the day of treatment,and at 7 days and 1,6,12,24 months after treatment,the complete remission rate was 21%,18%,51%,45%,43%,and 39%respectively,the excellent/good rate 42%,41%,68%,65%,62%,and 54%respectively,and the rate of effectiveness 76%,82%,92%,91%,78%,and 70%respectivdy.The recurrence rate was 3%,20%and 35%at 6,12 and 24 months after treatment respectively.Facial numbness developed in 17 patients and disappeared after 8-12 months.No severe complication occurred.Conclusion Adriamycin injection around trigeminal ganglion via foramen ovale under the guidance of X-ray and neuronstimulator for treatment of trigeminal neuralgia is effective and safe.

Objective To investigate the dynamic changes of hippocampal insulin like growth factor-1(IGF-1)/IGF-1 receptor (1GF-1 R) signaling pathway and learning and memory function and to investigate the possible mechanisms of vascular dementia (VaD).Methods A rat chronic cerebral hypoperfusion model was induced by using permanent bilateral common carotid artery ligation.At day 3,1 and 2 weeks,1,2 and 4months after modeling,Morris water maze test was used to evaluate the changes of learning and memory function in rats.HE staining was used to observe the morphological changes of hippocampal neurons.Enzymelinked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the dynamic changes of IGF-1,IGF-1R,Akt and p-Akt in hippocampal tissue.Results One month after modeling,the rats of a model group began to appear significant learning and memory dysfunction.The numbers of crossing the platform were significant lower than those in a sham operation group (1.91 ±0.45 times vs.3.95 ± 1.64 times; t =17.251,P =0.000).With the extension of ischemia time,the degree of injury of pyramidal cells in hippocampal CA1 region aggravated gradually in the model group.The levels of IGF-1 and p-Akt in hippocampal tissue increased early after modeling in the model group,and then they declined gradually to the normal levels.The levels of IGF-1 (0.09 ± 0.05 ng/mg vs.0.20 ±0.03 ng/mg; t =-5.263,P =0.003) and p-Akt (12.50± 1.40 pg/mg vs.17.13 ± 0.87 pg/mg; t =- 5.651,P =0.000) at 1 month were significantly lower than those in the sham operation group and continued to 4 months.There were no significant changes in the levels of IGF-1R and Akt.Conclusions The down-regulation of IGF-1/IGF-1R signaling pathway may be one of the pathogeneses of VaD.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of destruction of dorsal root ganglia with local doxorubicin injection guided by CT for postherpetic neuralgia involving thoracic back region. Methods One hundred and fifty patients suffering from postherpetic neuralgia in thoracic back region were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n = 50 each): group A oral medicine; B and C groups undergoing local injection under the guidance of C-arm and CT respectively + oral medicine. Three spinal segments severely affected by herpes virus were chosen for paravertebral puncture. 1% lidocaine 1 ml was injected at each segment as test dose. Fifteen minutes later doxorubicin 3.3 mg and betamethasone compound 4.7 mg were injected at each segment if no side-effect occurred. All 3 groups were given oral medicine according to the intensity of pain after local injection. The number of patients who exited from the study because of the side effects of oral medicine was recorded. VAS, sleep interference score (SIS) and a short form of McGill pain questionnaire (SF-MPQ) were used to evaluate the efficacy of the treatment the day before (baseline), 24 h, 1 week, 1, 3 and 6 months after local injection. The dosage of oxycodone extended-release tablets and gabapentin was recorded, and also the incidence of pneumothorax within 12 h after local injection. Results The exit rate, VAS, SIS and SF-MPQ scores, dosage of oxycodone extended-release tablet and gabapentin were significantly lower in B and C groups than in group A, but there was no significant difference between the 2 groups. The incidence of pneumothorax was 10% in group B but no pneumothorax developed in group C.Conclusion Destruction of dorsal root ganglia with local doxorubicin injection guided by CT is more effective for the treatment of postherpetic neuralgia.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of paravertebral injection of doxorubicin on pain behavior and ultrastructure of dorsal root ganglion ( DRG ) neurons in rats with neuropathic pain.MethodsOne hundred male SD rats,aged 3 months,weighing 200-250 g,were studied.The spared nerve injury (SNI) model was established by ligation and separation of tibial and common fibular nerves.The rats were randomly divided into 5 groups ( n =20 each):SNI group and different concentrations of doxorubicin groups (groups A1,A2,A3,A4 ).The animals were anesthetized with intrapetitaneal 10％ chioral hydrate 0.3 ml/100 g.The L4,6 intervertebral foramina was exposed.Normal saline and 0.25％,0.50％,0.75％ and 1.00％ doxorubicin 5 μl were injected into the intervertebral foramina in groups SNI,A1,A2,A3,and A4 respectively.The paw withdrawal latency to the radiant heat stimulation (PWL) and paw withdrawal duration to acetone (PWD) were measured before administration and on day 1-28 after administration.Three rats were chosen in each group on day 28 after administration and DRG were removed to observe the ultrastructure of large and small neurons with electron microscope.ResultsCompared with group SNI,PWL was significantly prolonged and PWD was significantly shortened in groups A1,A2,A3,A4 in a concentration manner ( P ＜ 0.05).Nucleus condensation,mitochondrial swelling,increased lysosomes,chromatin condensation,fibrosis of intercellular substances,and cell necrosis were observed in small neurons.Mitochondrial swelling and increased fibers wcre observed in large neurons and most of large neurons survived.ConclusionParavertebral injection of doxorubicin can reduce neuropathic pain and result in damage to large and small DRG neurons,and small neurons in the DRG are more susceptible and vulnerable to doxorubicin than large neurons in rats.

Objective To systematically review the efficacy of pregabalin in patients with post-herpetic neuralgia.Methods A comprehensive search was undertaken to identify all randomized placebo-controlled trials of pregabalin in patients with post-herpetic neuralgia.Medline,Web of Science,Cochrane Library,Wanfang Database and CNKI were searched from January 1966 up to December 2008.The modified Jadad scale was used for quality assessment.Numerical rating scale ( NRS),effective analgesia rate and the incidence of adverse effects were taken as main outcomes.Meta-analysis was conducted using the Cochrane Collaboration Review Manager 4.2 software.Results A total of four studies involving 1024 patients were included in this meta-analysis.The modified Jadad scale scores for the 4 studies were ≥ 4.The NRS scores were significantly lower,while effective analgesia rate was higher in groups 150,300,600 mg/d than placebo-controlled group (P ＜ 0.05).There were no significant differences in NRS scores and effective analgesia rate between 150 mg/d and 300 mg/d groups.The NRS scores were significantly lower in 600 mg/d group than in 300 mg/d group,but there were no significant differences in effective analgesia rate between 600 mg/d and 300 mg/d groups.The most frequent adverse effects were dizziness,somnolence,peripheral edema,and headache.Most of the adverse effects were mild or moderate in intensity.The occurrence of adverse effects appeared to be dose-related.Conclusion Pregabalin is effective and safe in patients with post-herpetic neuralgia,but the efficacy of reducing pain is not a dose-dependent manner.