Objective To investigate the current status of cognitive level of patient safety culture in intensive care unit (ICU) nurses and analyze the influencing factors.Methods Totally 373 ICU nurses were investigated with the general information questionnaire,the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture instrument (HSOPSC),the Report Barriers Questionnaire and the Condition of Work Effectiveness Questionnaire (CWEQ-Ⅱ).Results The mean rate of positive response on safety culture dimensions was 68.08％ in ICU nurses,Organizational learning-continuous improvement was the safety culture dimension with the highest positive response(89.95％),the lowest positive response was staffing(35.53％).Multiple regression analysis showed that the meaning of report,punitive culture,resources,opportunity,formal empowerment and ICU department were influencing factors of patient safety culture (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The level of patient safety culture in ICU nurses was medium,it remains a further improvement.Nursing managers should take targeted measures according to the influencing factors to enhance the cognitive level of patient safety culture in ICU nurses,strengthen the consciousness of safety culture,and improve the quality of intensive care.

Objective To investigate the expression of KLF4 in cervical carcinoma and its significance. Methods Immunohistochemistry and tissue microarray were used to examine the expression of KLF4 in 39 cases of carcinoma, 30 cases of normal cervical epithelial tissues and 28 cases of cervical cancer in situ. Results Moderate to strong nuclear staining for KLF4 was found in normal tissues and cervical cancer in situ. Interestingly, KLF4 expression was lost in 16 (P<0.05) of 39 carcinoma cases. However, KLF4 expression was not associated with clinicopathologic parameters, including tumor stage and differentiation. Conclusion Our observations indicate that KLF4 may function as a tumor suppressor in the pathogenesis of cervical cancer.

ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between novelty seeking and impulsivity behavior in rats.MethodsTwo models were used to test Novelty seeking,one was activity in a new environment model,the other was novel object preference model.And impulsivity was measured by T-maze.All rats(48) were used to examine the relationship between these two behaviour traits.ResultsNovelty seeking:the locomotor activities measured in a new environment for 30 min were (4695.58 ± 1579.87)cm,the exploring number of entries into the novel object area and time spending in the novel object area were respectively(20.92 ± 14.84)entries and (178.12± 135.22)s.Impulsivity:the average times of choosing low reward(LR) in the two test days were(4.71 ±2.71 ).Pearson product moment correlation was performed to investigate the relationship between these two behaviour traits,and the results suggested that there were notable correlation between novel object preference and impulsive decision making( r =0.295,P＜ 0.05 ),yet no significance were found between new environment activity and impulsive decision making.ConclusionNovelty seeking and impulsivity may be correlated with each other depending on different models.

Objective To evaluate the influence of a selective Rho-associated protein kinase inhibitor (fasudil hydrochloride) on outflow facility in enucleated porcine,rabbit and bovine eyes.Methods At the constant perfusion pressure of 15 mm-Hg (1 kPa =7.5 mmHg),the baseline coefficient of outflow facility (C0) of the isolated porcine,rabbit and bovine eyes was recorded respectively.The enucleated porcine eyes were divided into two groups randomly (n =6),and they were control group and experimental group.The same grouping method was also used-C0 the ribbit and bovine eyes.The control group was subjected to GPBS perfusion,while the experimental group was treated with 100 μmol · L-1 fasudil solution,followed by recording the experimental coefficient of outflow facility (C1),as well as calculating ΔC (ΔC =C1-C0) and ΔC％ (ΔC％ =ΔC/C0).Finally,the paired t test and one-way analysis of variance were performed using SPSS 17.0.Results As for porcine eyes,the ΔC％ of the control group was (17.83 ± 3.84) ％ while the experimental group was (44.00 ± 6.44) ％;as for rabbit eyes,the ΔC％ of the control group was (15.50 ± 2.93) ％,while the experimental group was (31.67 ±6.54)％;as for bovine eyes,the ΔC％ of the control group was (11.67 ± 1.17)％,while the experimental group was (37.17 ± 4.48)％.The ΔC％ in the experimental group was significantly increased when compared with the control group in three animals,with significant difference (all P ＜ 0.05).There was no statistical difference in ΔC％ of three experimental groups among different kinds of animals (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Fasudil can improve outflow facility in enucleated eyes of animals,and it can redistribute aqueous humor drainage to a wider area through directly regulating the cytoskeleton of cells and matrix,resulting in increased coefficient of outflow facility.

[Objective] Analyzing and summarizing the compatibility characters and the clinical applications of theAngle Medicinesof Aconite, in order to enlighten the modern applications. [Methods] According to the theories of classical prescriptions, arranging the compatibility characteristics and clinical applications of theAngle Medicinesof Aconite, there are three kinds ofAngle Medicines, including theAngles Medicineas independent prescriptions, theAngle Medicinesas the main part of prescriptions and theAngle Medicineas the combinations of prescriptions. At last, listing two cases of theAngle Medicinesof Aconite as the examples of clinical experience to demonstrate theAngle Medicines. [Results]This article sorted out 7 pairs ofAngle Medicinesof Aconite as the first kind, 8 pairsAngle Medicinesof Aconite as the second kind, and theAngle Medicinesof Aconite as combinations. In clinic, we use the Aconite, fried ginger and Licorice to treat long-term diarrhea, use Aconite, Semen Coicis and Patrinia to treat the hypogastralgia, and we gain the good effects, which can declare the clinical practicability of theAngle Medicines. [Conclusions]There are a lot of compatibility knowledge in classical prescriptions. Comprehending and grasping the compatibility characters and the clinical applications of the Angle Medicinesof Aconiteare is very unique and ingenious for modern clinic.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the current situation and trend of narcotic analgesics used in our hospital.METHO-DS:The data of narcotics used in our hospital during 2003～2006 were analyzed statistically.RESULTS:Narcotic analgesic used in our hospital during 2003～2006 showed an upward trend year-on-year in both consumption quantity and consumption sum,much as in the consumption of morphine preparation.Consumption of Pethidine was decreasing year on year.However,the consumption of fentanyl injection had been ranking at the first place.CONCLUSION:The use of narcotic analgesics tended to be rational in variety,dosage form and route of administration.

In this paper, the patent of traditional medicines of type-2 diabetes mellitus before 2014 were searched, totally 1 229 patent family information were obtained. The patent information including developing trends, geographic distribution, competitive agencies, technical focus, herbs preferences and so on were analyzed. China is in a leader position on the number of applying patent of using traditional medicine to treat type-2 diabetes mellitus, and the main applications were research institutes, universities and pharmaceutical enterprises. Although the views and theo-ries on treatment of type-2 diabetes mellitus are variety and abound, the most frequently used traditional medicines are tonics and heat-clearing. This article reflected the history, clinical treatment way, developments, application of the diabetes traditional drugs after a meta-analysis,efforts to guide a better understanding and further research.

Objective To investigate the effects of paravertebral injection of different concentrations of adriamycin on motor conduction function in rats. Methods Eighty healthy male Wistar rats weighing 250-300 gwere randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 20 each): 3 adriamycin groups receiving paravertebral injection of 0.3%, 0.5% and 1.0% adriamycin 10 μl respectively (group A1, A2, A3) and control group (group C)receiving equal volume of normal saline (NS) instead of adriamycin. The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal 3% pentobarbital 40 mg/kg. A right paramedian incision was made in the back from L3 to S1.L4,5,5,6 intervertebral foramina were exposed. 0.3%, 0.5% and 1.0% adriamycin and NS 10 pl were injected into the intervertebral foramina in group A1, A2, A3 and C respectively. Spinal motor evoked pontential (SMEP)was measured at 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks (T1-4)after paravertebral injection. Results The latent period of SMEP was significantly prolonged and the amplitude decreased at T1-4 in group A3 as compared with group A1, A2 and C.Conclusion Paravertebral injection of 1.0% adriamycin can significantly depress motor conduction function.

Objective To investigate the advantages and disadvantages of two different approaches (i.e.internal jugular vein and subclavian vein) when used for the implantation of central venus access ports (CVAP).Methods We retrospectively analyzed 620 patients who underwent the implantation of CVAP via the approach of internal jugular vein (n =222) or subclavian vein (n =398) and compared the success rate on first attempt as well as the incidences of peroperative and long-term complications.Results The implantation of CVAP was successfully performed in all the 620 patients,with the success rate on first attempt being 97.24％ (387/398) in the subclavian vein group and 89.19％ (198/222) in the internal jugular vein group (U =0.171,P ＜ 0.01).The incidences of perioperative/long-term complications were 0.90％ (2/222) /1.80％ (4/222) in the internal jugular vein group and 1.26％ (5/398) /2.01％ (8/398) in the subclavian vein group,showing no significant differences (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The implantation of CVAP via either the internal jugular vein approach or subclavian vein approach is safe and reliable.Few complications will occur if performed properly.

Objective To investigate the mechanisms of metformin in inducing autophagy of gastric cancer MNK-45 cells.Methods Human gastric cancer MNK-45 cells in logarithmic growth phase were incubated in the culture plates,and were divided into the intervention group [gastric cancer MNK-45 cells were intervened by metformin at different concentrations (2,4,8,16,32,64 mmol/L) for 24,48,72 hours] and the control group (gastric cancer MNK-45 cells were cultured in the DMEM medium).The inhibition rate of gastric cancer MNK-45 cells was detected by MTT method.The IC50 value of metformin on gastric cancer MNK-45 cells was 17 mmol/L.Gastric cancer MNK-45 cells were intervened by metforrnin at 17 mmol/L for 48 hours in the experimental group.Gastric cancer MNK-45 cells in the control group were cultured in DMEM medium at 17 mmol/L for 48 hours.The apoptosis of the gastric cancer MNK-45 cells of the 2 groups were detected by flow cytometry.The mRNA expressions of Bax and Bcl-2 of the 2 groups were detected by RT-PCR.The protein expressions of type Ⅰ LC3b,type Ⅱ LC3b,beclinl,AKT,p-AKT,mTOR,p-mTOR,P70s6k,p-P70s6k of the 2 groups were detected by Western blot.The measurement data were presented as (x) s,and were analyzed using the one-way ANOVA or repeated measures ANOVA.Data of the 2 groups were compared using the t test.Results The inhibition rates of gastric cancer MNK-45 cells were 3.0％ ± 1.1％,8.6％ ± 1.7％,15.9％ ± 1.6％,26.1％ ± 3.4％,37.5％ ± 2.3％,49.7％± 3.6％ after intervention by metformin at concentrations of 2,4,8,16,32,64 mmol/L for 24 hours,5.2％± 1.9％,10.4％±2.1％,26.9％± 1.6％,49.5％± 1.6％,59.1％±2.0％,82.1％±2.2％ after intervention by metformin at concentrations of 2,4,8,16,32,64 mmol/L for 48 hours,and 9.5％ ± 2.2％,17.6％ ± 1.4％,30.6％ ± 2.6％,63.2％ ± 2.6％,78.9％ ± 1.4％,93.3％ ± 2.7％ after intervention by metformin at concentrations of 2,4,8,16,32,64 mmol/L for 72 hours.There were significant differences in the inhibition rates among the 6 groups at the same time points (F =155.174,728.229,743.826,P ＜ 0.05),and significant differences were also observed within the same group at different time points (F =39.420,58.692,166.125,30.383,117.517,311.642,P ＜ 0.05).The apoptosis rates of gastric cancer MNK-45 cells in the experimental group and the control group were 25.4％ ± 1.7％ and 6.9％ ± 0.5％,with significant difference between the 2 groups (t =18.378,P ＜0.05).The relative mRNA expressions of Bax/Bcl-2 mRNA in the experimental group and the control group were 1.88 ± 0.16 and 1.00 ± 0.00,with significant difference between the 2 groups (t =9.743,P ＜ 0.05).The relative protein expressions of LC3 Ⅱ/LC3 Ⅰ and beclin 1 in the gastric cancer MNK-45 cells were 1.65 ± 0.08 and 1.47 ± 0.06 in the experimental group and 0.79 ± 0.03 and 0.56 ± 0.06 in the control group,with significant difference between the 2 groups (t =18.023,18.283,P ＜ 0.05).The relative protein expressions of AKT and P70s6k in the gastric cancer MNK-45 cells were 0.80 ±0.14 and 0.97 t0.21 in the experimental group and 0.96 ±0.17 and 1.37 ±0.23 in the control group,with no significant difference between the 2 groups (t =2.103,1.699,P ＞0.05).The relative protein expressions of mTOR and p-mTOR were 0.58 ± 0.l 1 and 0.57 ±0.15 in the experimental group and 1.88 ±0.23 and 2.36 ±0.25 in the control group,with significant difference between the 2 groups (t =11.293,10.979,P ＜ 0.05).No p-AKT and p-P70s6k expression was detected in the experimental group,and the expressions of p-AKT and p-P70s6k in the control group were 1.00 ± 0.00 and 1.00 ± 0.00,respectively.Conclusions Metformin could induce autophagy,inhibit proliferation and promote apoptosis of gastric cancer MNK-45 cells.The mechanism may be associated with the inhibition of mTOR expression and the expression of mTOR downstream proteins p-P70s6k by mefformin,and then the autophagy of gastric cancer MNK-45 cells happens.