Objective To observe the changes of serum adiponectin and free fatty acids in different glycometabolic states and to ex- plore their roles in the development and progression of diabetes. Methods The serum adiponectin and free fatty acids in 25 subjects with normal glucose (NGT) ,27 subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and 25 subjects with diabetes (T2DM) , and the effects of these factors on insulin resistance (HOMA - IR) and islet ficell function(HBCI) were analyzed respectively. Results (1) Serum levels of adiponectin was lower in T2DM and IGT as compared with NGT and the level of FFA was increased in T2DM and IGT compared with NGT and the differences were significance (P

[Objective] Analyzing and summarizing the compatibility characters and the clinical applications of theAngle Medicinesof Aconite, in order to enlighten the modern applications. [Methods] According to the theories of classical prescriptions, arranging the compatibility characteristics and clinical applications of theAngle Medicinesof Aconite, there are three kinds ofAngle Medicines, including theAngles Medicineas independent prescriptions, theAngle Medicinesas the main part of prescriptions and theAngle Medicineas the combinations of prescriptions. At last, listing two cases of theAngle Medicinesof Aconite as the examples of clinical experience to demonstrate theAngle Medicines. [Results]This article sorted out 7 pairs ofAngle Medicinesof Aconite as the first kind, 8 pairsAngle Medicinesof Aconite as the second kind, and theAngle Medicinesof Aconite as combinations. In clinic, we use the Aconite, fried ginger and Licorice to treat long-term diarrhea, use Aconite, Semen Coicis and Patrinia to treat the hypogastralgia, and we gain the good effects, which can declare the clinical practicability of theAngle Medicines. [Conclusions]There are a lot of compatibility knowledge in classical prescriptions. Comprehending and grasping the compatibility characters and the clinical applications of the Angle Medicinesof Aconiteare is very unique and ingenious for modern clinic.

Objective In order to avoid potential injuries imposed to human body,it could be feasible to use the musculoskeletal models which can be reconstructed from the cadaver color cryosection(CCC)images,computerized tomography(CT)images,magnetic resonance(MR)images or other images to analyze the dynamic properties of muscles in vivo during human movement.Mothod We reconstruct the lower limb musculoskeletal model and define the uniform ioint coordinate system(JCS)on the model and the subject.The coordinate transformation of the muscle attachment points both on the model and the subject is described in detail.Results The length and the moment arm of the biceps femoris(short head)during knee flexion are calculated and analyzed.Conclusion This method plays an important role in improving the kinematics and dynamic simulation and the muscle force estimation.

Objective To determine the moisture in Huodan pills by near-infrared spectroscopy. Methods At the beginning,water content of 174 samples were determined and all data of samples about near-infrared spectrum were collected. And then all the data were pretreated by first-derivative and Savitzky-Golay filter. At last,the NIR quantitative model for moisture in huodan pills was established by partial least squares regression and validated by the validation set. Results The correlation coefficients,the root mean square error overall of calibration, that of cross validation of the calibration model was 0. 988 17, 0. 103,and 0. 326 16,respectively. The root mean square error overall of prediction and the average recovery of validation was 0. 217 and 98. 02%. Conclusion The NIR spectroscopy analysis model is steady,accurate and reliable,which can be used to detecte moisture content of huodan pills.

BACKGROUND: KATP channel regulates the response of cells to hypoxia and ischemia, mediates and is involved in the protection for cells or tissue organs. Our previous research confirms that Shenfu injection has good protective effect on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. There have been no reports on whether this protective effect is related to KATP channel in WeiPu deriodical database, WanFang database and Medline database until October 2005.OBJECTIVE: To observe the protective effect of Shenfu injection on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats, and analyze its correlation with KATP channel.DESIGN: Completely randomized grouping design, randomized controlled trial.SETTING: Department of Anesthesiology, Second Hospital Affiliated to Dalian Medical University; Department of Anesthesiology, Second Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University.MATERIALS: Twenty-four adult SD rats of clean grade, of either gender, weighing 240 to 320 g, were employed in this trial. Shenfu injection (Sanjiu Medical & Pharmaceutical, Co., Ltd., Batch No. 031002) and glibenclamide (National Institute for the Control of Pharmaceutical and Biological Products) were employed.METHODS: This trial was carried out in the Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Second Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University from April to December 2004. Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury models were employed. Twenty-four rats were randomized into 4 groups, with 6 in each group: sham-operation group [putting through thread, but without ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery, 8 mL/kg normal saline, intravenous injection (i.v.)], ischemia/reperfusion group (8 mL/kg normal saline, i.v.), Shenfu injection group (8 mL/kg Shenfu injection, i.v.) and Shenfu injection + glibenclamide group (0.33 mg/kg glibenclamide and 8 mL/kg Shenfu injection, i.v.). Administration in each group was conducted 15 minutes before ligation except for that in sham-operation group (immediately after putting through thread). About 6 mL blood was taken from cardiac apex. Left ventricular anterior wall was divided into 3 parts, and then which were used for homogenate, electron microscope observation and immunohistochemical detection separatety. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) level, expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6)and plasm cTnl level in myocardial tissue were detected. Ultra-structural changes of myocardial tissue were observed.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: SOD activity, MDA level, expressions of TNF-α and IL-6, plasm cTnI level and ultra-structural changes of myocardial tissue. RESULTS: All the 24 rats were involved in the result analysis, without deletion. ① Compared with sham-operation group,SOD activity in myocardial tissue in ischemia/reperfusion group was decreased, while the expressions of TNF-α and IL-6 were increased, with statistical difference (P ＜ 0.01). MDA level in the ischemia/reperfusion group was higher than that in the sham-operation group (P ＜ 0.01); Compared with ischemia/reperfusion group, SOD activity was increased, MDA level and expressions of TNF-α and IL-6 were all decreased in Shenfu injection group(P ＜ 0.01); There were no significant differences in above-mentioned indexes between Shenfu injection group and Shenfu injection + glibenclamide group (P ＞0.05). ②Compared with sham-operation group, the plasm cTnl level in the ischemia/reperfusion group and Shenfu injection+ glibenclamide group was significantly increased (P ＜ 0.01); Compared with ischemia/reperfusion group, plasm cTnl level in the Shenfu injection group was significantly decreased in Shenfu injection group (P ＜ 0.01); There were no signifi cant differences in plasm cTnl level between Shenfu injection group and Shenfu injection + glibenclamide group. ③ In the sham-operation group, the ultrastructure of myocardial cells was basically normal and mitochondrium swelled a little; In the ischemia/reperfusion group, karyolysis appeared, mitochondrium swelled obviously and considerable neutrophils infil trated; In the Shenfu injection group, myofilament of myocardial cells dissolved, mitochondrium swelled and nuclear mem brane was integrity; In the Shenfu injection + glibenclamide group, mitochondrium obviously swelled, myofilament present ed focus dissolving, sarcoplasmic reticulum expanded a little and allochromacy assembled in the edge of cells. CONCLUSION: Glibenclamide suppresses myocardial KATP channel, but does not eliminate the protective effect of Shenfu injection on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. KTAP channel does not play an important role in the protection of Shenfu injection for myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury.

BACKGROUND: It has been confirmed that Shenfu parenteral injection can ameliorate and treat various shocks, heart failure, myocardial ischemia and supraventricular/ventricular arrhythmia, and it also has a good protective effect on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of Shenfu parenteral injection on the protein expressions of myocardial apoptosis-related genes of Bcl-2, Bax and c-Fos in rats with acute ischemia/reperfusion injury.DESIGN: A complete randomized grouping design, controlled experiment.SETTING: Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital,Chongqing University of Medical Sciences.MATERIALS: The experiments were carried out in the Staff Room of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing University of Medical Sciences from April to December in 2004. Thirty-five healthy adult Wistar rats were provided by the experimental animaI center of Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA. Shenfu parenteral injection was the TCM formula of Shenfu Tang, which is for recuperating depleted yang and rescuing the patient from collapse, and its main components are ginsenoside and aconitum alkaloid. It was the product of Yaan Sanjiu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 10 mL/piece, the batch number was 030110.METHODS: In vivo models of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury were used. The 35 rats were divided into 5 groups according to the number of random number table, with 7 rats in each group: ① Sham-operated group: The rats were treated with only insertion of thread without ligation, followed by intravenous injection of saline (8 mL/kg), and then observed for 120 minutes. ② Shenfu parenteral injection 30-minute group: The rats were treated with intravenous injection of Shenfu parenteral injection (8 mL/kg) at 15 minutes before ligation, and then the left coronary artery anterior descending branch was ligated for 40 minutes and reperfused for 30 minutes. ③ Shenfu parenteral injection 120-minute group: The rats were reperfused for 120 minutes, and the others were the same as those in the Shenfu parenteral injection 30-minute group. ④ Saline 30-minute control group: The rats were treated with intravenous injection of saline (8 mL/kg) at 15 minutes before ligation, and then the left coronary artery anterior descending branch was ligated for 40 minutes and reperfused for 30 minutes. ⑤ Saline 120-minute control group: The rats were reperfused for 120 minutes, and the others were the same as those in the saline 30-minute control group. The expressions of Bcl-2, Bax and c-Fos proteins in myocardial tissues were detected with immunohistochemical method.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The expressions of Bcl-2, Bax and cFos proteins in myocardial tissues of rats in each group were observed.RESULTS: All the 35 rats were involved in the analysis of results without deletion. ①As compared with the sham-operated group, the expressions of Bcl-2, Bax or c-Fos protein in myocardium were significantly increased(P ＜ 0.01), but the Bcl-2/Bax ratios were significantly decreased (P ＜0.01) in the saline 30 and 120-minute groups. ② As compared with corresponding saline groups, the expressions of Bcl-2 protein in the Shenfu parenteral injection 30 and 120-minute groups were significantly increased (P ＜ 0.01), the expressions of Bax and c-Fos proteins were remarkably decreased (P ＜ 0.01), and the Bcl-2/Bax ratios were significantly increased (P ＜ 0.01).CONCLUSION: Protective effect of Shenfu parenteral injection on ischemia/reperfusion myocardium may be correlated with its promotion of Bcl-2 protein expression, restrain to Bax and c-Fos protein expressions, and increase of Bcl-2/Bax ratio, and it restrains the apoptosis of myocardial cells.

This study sought to quantify normal human tibio-femoral joint kinematics in vivo. An eligible volunteer (a man in good health) was recruited, and a technical method of 3D image registration and coordinate transformation was used. The 3D point cloud models of his knee-flexion were illustrated by computed tomography. By use of the technique for 3D image registration, different models of several positions of knee-flexion were aligned to the same coordinate system. As for each model of the knee, the object coordinates of femur and tibia were built on the same location and direction in comparison with individual femur and tibia. Consequently, the error of constructing the object coordinate system in various coordinate systems can be avoided. Meanwhile, improved orthogonal coordinates systems were built on femur, tibia and patella. After orthogonal coordinates were built on each part of the knee, the Euler angle coordinate transformation was applied to acquire the data of the knee relative kinematics. Additionally, the data was proved to be effective, compared with that of recent literatures. With this method, arbitrary reference coordinates, or any alternative reference mode could be used in reconstruction of knee 3D kinematics images on a computer, and be applied in the kinematical analysis of other human joints or bones.
Femur ; anatomy & histology ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; methods ; Kinetics ; Knee Joint ; anatomy & histology ; physiology ; Male ; Range of Motion, Articular ; physiology ; Tibia ; anatomy & histology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

This study was aimed to construct Sirt1 shRNA interfering vector and to analyze the effects of Sirtl on cell proliferation and apoptosis in HepG2, A549 and 293T cell lines. To design and synthisize Sirtl shRNA sequence then recombinate it to pGenesil-1.0 plasmid, the positive pGenesil-1.0-Sirtl vector clone was screened by effective detections and sequencing. The vectors were transfected into HepG2, A549, 293T cell lines, and Sirtl expression levels in these clones were detected by RT-PCR and Western-blot. These clone cell proliferation activities were detected by MTT, and these cells apoptosis incidences were detected by MTT experiment after treated with DOX. The results showed that Sirt1 shRNA interfering vectors were successfully screened. The levels of Sirtl expression in HepG2-sh, A549-sh and 293T-sh cells were significantly reduced compared with their control cells. It was indicated that the proliferation activities of these cells were impaired and anti-apoptosis capabilities of HepG2-sh, A549-sh and 293T-sh were also impaired notably. Sirt1 took an important role in maintaining cell proliferation and resisting cell apoptosis caused by DNA damage, and this result also provided theoretical information for the further research.
Apoptosis ; genetics ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Small Interfering ; genetics ; Sirtuin 1 ; genetics ; Transfection

OBJECTIVETo analyze (CGG)n repeats sequence and AGG interspersion correlated with unstable expansion of FMR1 gene in a general Chinese population.

METHODSAmplideX FMR1 PCR Kit was used to amplify 380 X chromosomes from randomly selected 176 males and 102 females, 11 permutation carriers and 10 full mutation patients have served as controls. Results of capillary electrophoresis were analyzed with GeneMapper software Version 4.0. SPSS 11.0 software was used for statistical analysis.

RESULTSThe ratio of heterozygous females was 64.70%. The number of alleles in general males and females was 15 and 14, the classes of AGG pattern was 26 and 27, respectively. The range of alleles was between 17 to 45 CGG repeats in males and 21 to 44 CGG repeats in females, and 1 male was identified as gray zone carrier. The most frequent allele was 29 CGG repeats, which was followed by 30 and 36 repeats, while 28 CGG repeats were absent. The most common AGG pattern was 9A9A9, 99.21% of the population was detected with different forms and numbers of AGG interruption, and 6A interruption pattern was found in 10.02% samples especially in individuals with more CGG repeats. However, 57.58% of control samples had no AGG interruption, and none of the controls had 6A interruption pattern. No significant difference was observed in allele frequent distribution of (CGG)n repeats and AGG interspersion patterns between the males and females (P > 0.05), and AGGs was significantly different between general population and controls (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONAGGs and AGG pattern may have important roles in maintaining (CGG)n stability in general population of China, 9A9A6A9 may be a special pattern for preventing (CGG)n unstable expansion in Asian populations.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Alleles ; Female ; Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein ; genetics ; Fragile X Syndrome ; genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Trinucleotide Repeats

Objective To improve fresh nurses′ implementation rate of standard clinical administration checking by applying situational simulation method, and enhancetheir ability of identifying hidden perils in nursing. Methods Totally 75 fresh nurses who graduated in 2016 were enrolled and divided into two groups (36 in control group and 39 in experimental group) according to randomized digital table method. Situational simulation method was applied in the experimental group, while the control group applied traditional nursing safety check training method. Then both groups′ satisfaction rate of lessons and self-confidence after training were recorded. Besides, their clinical administration checking behaviors after 3 months, the errors, hidden perilsand examining situations related to administration checking after 6 months,were also evaluated. Results Significant statistical differences were shown in satisfaction score (23.62 ± 2.02 in experimental group vs. 21.39 ± 1.98 in control group, t=4.818, P<0.01) and self-confidential evaluating score (35.67±2.02 in experimental group vs. 21.39±1.98 in control group, t=2.768, P<0.01). Observation of clinical administration checking behaviors 3 months after training had indicated significant differences in the number of nurses who check drug concentration (33 vs. 8, χ2=29.406, P<0.05) and executing time (30vs. 12, χ2=14.436, P<0.05).Statistical differences (χ2= 5.080-29.545, P< 0.01 or < 0.05) were also observed in the number of nurses checking bed number, patient name, drug name, dose, drug concentration and methods in and after operation. The potential nursing perils identified, and the number of nurses who identify hidden nursing perils 3 months and 6 months after training were significantly larger (χ2=50.591, 23.658, 3.914, P<0.05) in experimental group (33, 2, 10) than in control group (18, 1, 3),and there were no significant differences in the rate of potential perils and nursing error between both groups. Conclusion Situational method of administration, which is applied for fresh nurses in their initial working phase, transforms the basic and core checking system into clinical real-situation cases. It also shows an advantage of boosting their self-confidence of learning, improving the implementation rate of standard clinical administration checking and the ability of avoiding potential nursing perils.