Objective To study the significance of dissection and exposure of the recurrent laryngeal nerve(RLN) in thyroid surgery.Methods The clinical data of 1 082 patients who had undergone operations on thyroid were retrospectively reviewed.All cases were routinely operated with dissection and exposure of RLN.Results Six cases had injury of RLN(0.5%),3 cases showed parathyroid insufficiency(0.3%)and 2 cases had injury of the superior laryngeal nerve(0.2%) ofter operation.The incidence of operative complications in thyroid surgery was closely related with if exposure of the RLN.Conclusions Exposure of the recurrent laryngeal nerve is a key measure to decrease injury of parathyroids,superior laryngeal nerve and recurrent laryngeal nerve during thyroid surgery.

Clinical experience of professor YANG Mu-xiang in treating hypertension,hyperplasia of prostate gland,acne and thyroid hyperfunction by brunellae spica were introduced,it was considered that the taste of brunellae spica was bitter and sweet,which was not hurt the spleen and stomach,and its cold nature was not consumption of yang,and it could remove hepatic heat,and have the function of eliminating stagnation.It was used when position of disease was liver,and pathogenesis was stagnation of liver qi or accumulation of heat;the dosage of 10-15g was used when the cooling-relieving heat accumulation therapy,and the dosage of 15-30g was used when eliminating stagnation.

Objective To analyze the prognostic indicators in gastric cancer patients underwent radical resection.Methods Clinical data of 257 patients with gastric cancer underwent radical resection from Jan. 2003 to Oct. 2008 in our hospital were analyzed retrospectively. Univariate analysis using Kaplan-Meier analysis and log-rank analysis,multivariate analysis using COX proportion risk model were performed. Results Univariate analysis indicated that tumor site (P <0. 05) .Borrmann type (P <0. 01) .histological type (P <0. 01),depth of infiltration (P < 0. 01 ) , lymph node metastasis rate ( P < 0. 01 ) , tumor size ( P < 0. 01 ) ,complication ( P < 0. 01 ) and accessorial chemotherapy (P<0. 01) influenced the patients' prognosis. Cox regression analysis indicated that lymph node metastasis rate, depth of infiltration, Borrmann type and tumor size were the independent risk factors of prognosis(P<0. 05). The relative risk will increase 3.374 times,2. 337 times,1.657 times and 1.580 times with each additional level of lymph node metastasis, depth of infiltration, Borrmann type and tumor size. Conclusions There are various factors influencing the prognosis of gastric cancer,of which lymph node metastasis rate is the most important prognosis indicator.

BACKGROUND:A large number of studies have reported that endoscopic radiofrequency ablation surgeries were better than traditional open surgeries for gluteal muscle contracture, but there is no meta-analysis on the clinical outcomes of endoscopic surgeries versus traditional open surgeries.
OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effects of endoscopic radiofrequency ablation surgeries versus traditional open surgeries in the treatment of gluteal muscle contracture.
METHODS:Eligible studies were identified from electronic databases including EMbase, Medline, PubMed, OVID, Cochrane Library, Springerlink, CNKI, WanFang, and VIP between January 1970 and May 2014. The literatures about the clinical efficacy of endoscopic radiofrequency ablation surgeries versus traditional open surgeries in the treatment of gluteal muscle contracture were retrieved. We screened the retrieved literature according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria and performed a Meta analysis with the software RevMan 5.2 after identification of the relevant data.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:A total of 830 patients from 14 studies were included for the analysis, including 394 patients who underwent endoscopic surgeries and 436 patients who underwent traditional open surgeries. Among the main outcomes measured, the incidence of postoperative pain (relative risk=0.33, 95%confidence interval (CI):0.27-0.42, P<0.001) and postoperative complications (odds ratio=0.40, 95%CI:0.23-0.70, P=0.001) in the endoscopic surgery group were significantly lower than that in the traditional open surgery group. The curative effects showed no significant difference between the two groups (odds ratio=1.09, 95%CI:0.52-2.26, P=0.82). Among the secondary outcomes measured, the incision length, postoperative off-bed activity time and postoperative hospitalization in the endoscopic surgery group were significantly better than that in the traditional open surgery group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the surgery duration and recurrence rate (P>0.05) between the two groups. Endoscopic radiofrequency ablation surgeries are similar to traditional open surgeries in the curative effects, recurrence rate and surgery duration, and are better than traditional open surgeries in the incisional length, postoperative pain, postoperative off-bed activity time, postoperative hospitalization and postoperative complication.

BACKGROUND:Colagen hydrogel provides good matrix support for hepatocyte growth and tissue reconstruction, and the colagen-based engineered tissue is easy to merge the growth and form integrated tissue. OBJECTIVE:To improve the thickness of engineered hepatic tissue by dissociating hepatocytes/colagen hydrogel composite into smal hepatic units that accumulate in the subcutaneous cavity. METHODS:Freshly isolated hepatocytes from rats were mixed with colagen hydrogel to establish hepatocytes/colagen hydrogel composite. The hepatocytes/colagen hydrogel composite was dissociated into smal hepatic units after being cured. The undissociated hepatocytes/colagen hydrogel composite was taken as a control. Six Spraque-Dawley rats were enroled. Three of them were subjected to a two-thirds partial hepatectomy to induce liver regeneration. Dissociated and undissociated hepatocytes/colagen hydrogel composites were implanted into the bilateral inguinal subcutaneous cavity. Dissociated and undissociated hepatocytes/colagen hydrogel composites were implanted into the bilateral inguinal subcutaneous cavity of the other three rats. At the 7th day after transplantation, engineered hepatic tissue formation was evaluated using hematoxylin-eosin staining, immunohistochemical staining and India ink perfusion methods. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The grafts in these two groups al formed vascular engineered hepatic tissue in the subcutaneous cavity, but after the smal hepatic units merged, a large piece of vascular engineered hepatic tissue formed. The hepatic tissue thickness was up to 4 mm. The whole piece of implanted liver grafts only formed smal pieces of hepatic tissues, with only several layers of cels. Immunohistochemistry staining confirmed that the hepatocytes in vascular engineered hepatic tissue had the characteristics and functions of natural hepatocytes. Partial hepatectomy experiment showed that engineered hepatic tissue had the ability to respond to regenerative stimulus of partial hepatectomy. These results show that dissociating the hepatocytes/colagen hydrogel grafts into smal units that accumlate in the subcutaneous cavity can increase the thickness of the engineered hepatic tissue.

Aim To study the differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells ( HM-SCs) into retinal cells in vitro. Methods HMSCs were isolated from human bone marrow after Ficoll den-sity gradient centrifugation. The adherent cells after at least 5 passages were used for study. Immunopheno-type of the cells was analysed by flow cytometer, and cellular differentiation was identified by immunofluores-cence labeling technique. Results The target cells derived from human bone marrow adhered to the plate with fibroblastic-like morphology, whose surface mark-ers were similar to mesenchymal stem cells. Major cells
were positive for CD90 , CD44 , CD147 , while they were all negative for CD34, CD45, HLA-DR. In the differentiation study, HMSCs cultured in induced me-dium can differentiate into nestin ( neural stem cell ) -positive cell, GFAP ( glial fibrillary acidic protein ) -positive glial cells and retina-specific neurons express-ing Rhodopsin with CD90 ( mesenchymal stem cells )-negative. Conclusion HMSCs have the ability to dif-ferentiate into retinal neural cells in vitro.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of selective splenectomy on modulation of portal vein flow and prevention of small-for-size syndrome (SFSS) in living donor liver transplantation.MethodsTwenty six recipients who received LDLT from September 2007 to March 2008 were reviewed.The data of the portal vein flow of these recipients were collected during the operation.Simultaneous splenectomy was performed in patients with portal blood flow ＞250 ml/(min · 100g).No splenectomy was performed when the portal blood flow was less than 250 ml/(min · 100g).The effect of selective splenectomy on modulation of portal vein flow and whether splenectomy prevented the occurrence of SFSS were analyzed.ResultsThe portal vein flow decreased significantly after splenectomy in 8 patients who received splenectomy (P＜0.01),No SFSS occurred in the patients with or without splenectomy.Actual graft-to-recipient weight ratio (GRWR) of patients with splenectomy was significantly smaller than those with no splenectomy (P=0.044).The portal vein flow of patients with splenectomy was much higher than those with no splenectomy (P＜0.01).ConclusionAccording to the portal blood flow,selective splenectomy in LDLT decreased the portal vein flow and prevented the incidence of SFSS.

Objective The present study was to explore association of PvuⅡand XbaⅠpolymorphism in ER-?gene with genetic susceptibility for breast cancer without BRCAl/2 gene mutation. Methods 113 BRCA1/2 negative hereditary breast cancer patients from independent families and 113 agematched healthy control subjects were analyzed. Genotype analysis was conducted by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and then DNA direct sequencing. The odd-ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) was calculated by unconditional logistic regression model. Results The frequency of PvuⅡpolymorphism CC(PP) ,CT(Pp) ,TT(pp) genotype in patients was found in 16 cases(14.2% ), 58 cases(51. 3% ) , and 39 cases (34. 5% ). The distribution of AA (xx) , AG (Xx) , GG (XX) genotype of XbaⅠpolymorphism were found in 76 cases ( 67. 2% ) , 34 cases ( 30. 1% ), and 3 cases ( 2. 7% ) among patients. Among premenopausal women, CT genotype of PvuⅡconfered a significantly increased risk for breast cancer compared with CC genotype ( adjusted OR = 2. 07; 95% CI, 0. 68 - 6. 30) ; Carriers of GG of XbaⅠhad a decreased risk for breast cancer (adjusted OR =0. 11; 95 % CI, 0. 01 - 1. 27) compared with AA genotype. Furthermore, combined analysis of two polymorphisms indicated individuals carrying PvuⅡCT and XbaⅠAA genotype were at increased risk for breast cancer as compared with those with PvuⅡCC and XbaⅠGG genotype (Oft = 11.43, 95% CI, 1.12-116.7) among premenopausal women. Conclusions PvuⅡand XbaⅠpolymorphisms in ER-?gene could be a candidate locus for low penetrance breast cancer susceptibility in Chinese population, especially among premenopausal women.

Objective To detect the methylation status of p16 gene promoter in CD4~+ T cells of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus(SEE),and its significance in the pathogenesis of SLE.Methods The pl 6 gene promoter methylation in peripheral CD4~+ T cells was detected with the Taqman probe-based realtime PCR(Methylight)technology in 28 patients with SLE and 20 healthy human controls.Results The methylation rate of p16 gene promoter in peripheral CD4~+ T cells was higher in patients with SLE than that in the controls(35.7%VS 10%,x~2=4.11,P<0.05).There was no correlation between SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI)and the normalized index of methylation(NIM)of p16 gene promoter(r_s=-0.29,P>0.05).Conclusion The methylation status of p16 gene promoter is aberrant in CD4~+ T,:ells of SLE patients,suggesting that the hypermethylation of p16 gene plays a certain role in the pathogenesis of SLE.

Objective To evaluate intervention in combination with choledochoscopic in treatment of biliary obstruction after orthotopic liver transplantation.Methods A retrospective review was performed in the 36 patiants with biliary strictures and bilary cast after the liver tiamsplantalion.All the patients received changing catheters,T-tube sinus tract dilation,choledochoscopic treatment,keeping catheters drainage and supporting.Result 26 patiants got satisfactory results and 8 controlled.The left 3 patients underwent retransplantation.Conclusion Intervention in combination with choledochoscopic treatment is effective to deal with biliary obstruction after liver transplantation.