Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is a common neurosurgical disease, especially in elderly patients, and its treatment currently includes medication conservation, surgical intervention and combination therapy. Although many cases have achieved good results through drug treatment, as far as the present situation is concerned, surgical intervention is still an irreplaceable treatment, especially for patients with large amounts of hematoma, even those with cerebral hernia or recurrence. However, there are many surgical methods about CSDH, the clinical selection is controversial, what is more, there has been some progress in minimally invasive surgery in recent years. In this paper, the surgical methods of CSDH are summarized as follows. The purpose is to provide for clinical evaluation and selection.

By using three-dimensional finite element analysis method, the necessity of tail joints in the establishment of finite model specifically for the widely used tail-suspended rat experiments in weightlessness simulation was explored. A weightlessness tail-suspended three-dimensional finite element rat model was established using CT scan and Abaqus software, and the computation and analysis were conducted using the same model. The stress distribution and displacement in tail, lumbar spine, pelvis and femur of a tail-suspended rat both with and without cartilage were simulated and calculated.The results showed that stress distribution and displacement of tail-suspended rat were quite different between rats with cartilage and without cartilage, which affected the calculation precision of the model. Accordingly the consideration of articular cartilage in establishing the tail-suspended three-dimension finite element rat model is quite necessary,In addition, the asymmetry of pelvis stress distribution of tail-suspended rat suggests that the degree of balance of tail-suspended rat will affect the stress distribution in rats.

This article is aimed to establish the method of quality standards for highland barley Monascus.Microscopic and TLC were adopted to identify Araliataibaiensis. Referring the relevant method in Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2010 edition) for the determination of its moisture, total ash, acid insoluble ash and extracts,lovastatin in acid and lactone form was determined using high performance liquid chromatography. The characteristics of highland barley Monascus in microscopic and TLC were obvious and specific. The contents in barley red yeast are: water 6.04%-8.78%, total ash 2.15%-2.92%, acid insoluble ash 0.23%-0.29%, water extracts 27.99%-30.17%; alcohol extracts 14.12%-18.51%. The ranges of lovastatin in acid and lactone form are 0.11%-0.29% and 0.02%-0.08%, respectively. The established method is simple, accurate, reliable and duplicable, and can be used to control the quality of highland barley Monascus.

Objective To compare the accuracy of placement of ventricular shunt tube,the efficacy and complications of the neuronavigation-assisted ventriculoperitoneal shunt (group A) and traditional ventriculoperitoneal shunt (group B).Methods A retrospective study was made on 40 cases of hydrocephalus managed with neuronavigation-assisted ventriculoperitoneal shunt or ventriculoperitoneal shunt from January 2012 to June 2016.There were 18 cases [12 males,6 females;(47.5 ±8.5) years of age] in group A and 22 cases [14 males,8 females;(44.5 ± 7.5) years of age] in group B.Therapeutic effect and complications were analyzed postoperatively.The accuracy rate in ventricular end shunt placement that was free from the frontal horn of lateral ventricle and flush the Moro hole had also been studied.Results The position of ventricular shunt of all the patients were postoperative timely review of the CT view,and hospital outpatient follow-up periodical for 3-24 months after discharge from hospital.Patients with postoperative timely review of head CT and found that group A of ventricular end of the shunt tube position reach a set position in 16 cases,2 cases had not reached the set position,the accuracy rate was 88.89％.There were 8 cases in group B reach to the set position and 14 cases did not and the accuracy rate was 36.36％.After the statistical analysis there were significant differences (P ＜ 0.05).The total efficiency of A and B groups (excellent + effective) were 94.4％ and 86.4％ (P ＞ 0.05).Postoperative complications included bleeding,infection,obstruction of the shunt,excessive shunt,shunt insufficiency and so on.During follow-up,group A appeared excessive shunt in 1 case;group B incision infection in 1 case,4 cases of shunt obstruction,excessive shunt in 1 case,2 cases of deficiency of shunt.Two groups of patients were recovery well through the drainage tube pressure adjustment or set it once again.The incidence of complications in group A was 5.56％,group B was 36.36％.There was no significant difference between group A and group B (P ＞ 0.05).In group A,there was no obstruction of shunt tube,ventricular end of the shunt tube blockage occurred in 4 cases in group B,the incidence rate was 18.18％ (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Neuronavigation guided ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement to the accuracy of position setting has significant advantages over traditional ventriculoperitoneal shunt in the ventricular end of the shunt tube and it has some advantages in reducing postoperative complications.

Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of acupuncture plus point application in managing pain after thoracoscopic radical lung cancer surgery(TRLCS). Methods:A total of 120 patients undergoing TRLCS were randomized into a treatment group and a control group,with 60 cases in each group.Both groups received patient-controlled intravenous analgesia(PCIA)to relieve postoperative wound pain.The control group did not receive any other interventions.The treatment group started acupuncture treatments 4 h after the surgery with point application between two acupuncture sessions;the acupuncture treatment was conducted 4,24,48,and 72 h after the surgery.At the above 4 time points,the visual analog scale(VAS)score and additional PCIA drug consumption were recorded.The 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT)content in the peripheral blood was determined 4 h and 72 h after the surgery. Results:The treatment group was superior to the control group in comparing the total effective rate(P<0.05).After the intervention,the VAS score decreased in both groups(P<0.05);the VAS score presented different decreasing patterns at each time point in the two groups,and the score dropped more significantly in the treatment group than in the control group(P<0.05).The total PICA drug consumption varied in the two groups after the surgery;the additional analgesic consumption was notably smaller in the treatment group than in the control group(P<0.05).The decrease in the 5-HT content in the peripheral blood also varied in the two groups;the peripheral blood 5-HT content was significantly lower in the treatment group than in the control group(P<0.05). Conclusion:Acupuncture plus point application can significantly relieve wound pain after TRLCS.

Objective To establish a doxycycline-controlled immortalized pre-cartilaginons stem cells (IPCSCs) strains, clone parathroid hormone-related peptide[PTHrP(1-36)] gene and construct re- sponsive plasmid, pTRE-PTHrP (1-36). Methods Plasmid pTet-on was transfected into IPCSCs by using LipoinfectaminTM 2000 and then the stable clones were obtained by G418 screening. The doxycyc- line was added into the medium of monoclonal cells that were transiently transfected with plasmid pTRE- 2Hyg-Lue. The total RNA was extracted from PCSCs and the PTHrP(1-36) gene obtained by RT-PCR method. Then, the PTHrP (1-36) gene was subcloned to plasmids of Tet-responsive element with the se- lection marker of hygromycin pTRE-2Hyg to construct recombinant eukaryotic expression plasmid pTRE- PTHrP(1-36). After transferred into E. coli-DH5α, the clone was amplified, the recombinant plasm0ids were purified and identified by double-enzyme digestion. Results The doxycycline induced IPCSCs line was obtained, with 50 times higher than the non-induced cell line. Double enzyme digestion analysis and sequencing showed that the target gene was cloned into recombinant plasmid. Conclusions The induced IPCSCs line can be used to highly express alien genes. The responsive plasmid containing PTHrP (1-36) gene may be premising for rigorous control of PTHrp (1-36) gene expression.

Objective To investigate the effects of carboxymethytl pachymaram ( CMP ) on the methylation of SOCS-1 (suppressor of cytokine signaling-1) gene and the in vitro maturation of human mono-cyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs).Methods Human DCs were induced from the peripheral blood mono-cytes in vitro with the treatment of recombined human GM-CSF and interleukin-4 ( IL-4 ) and cultured with different concentrations of CMP (10, 50, and 100 mg/L).The methylation and expression of SOCS-1 gene were analyzed by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) and real-time PCR, respectively. The phenotypic markers of DCs were detected by flow cytometry .Mixed lymphocyte reaction ( MLR) and ELISA were performed to measure the lymphocyte proliferation induced by DCs and IL-12 secretion by DCs . Results CMP promoted the methylation of SOCS-1 gene, but inhibited the expression of SOCS-1 gene in dendritic cells at the concentrations of 50 mg/L and 100 mg/L.The expression of phenotypic markers (CD80, CD83, CD86 and HLA-DR), IL-12 secretion and lymphocyte proliferation induced by DCs were significantly enhanced in a dose dependent manner with the treatment of CMP .Compared with control group , the levels of methylated SOCS-1 gene and IL-12 and the lymphocyte proliferation index were increased upon the stimulation with 50 mg/L and 100 mg/L of CMP (P<0.01), but the expression of SOCS-1 gene was de-creased.The expression of CD80, CD83 and HLA-DR on DCs in the presence of 100 mg/L of CMP were higher than those of control group (P<0.05).Conclusion CMP could induce the methylation of SOCS-1 gene and the maturation of DCs derived from peripheral blood monocytes .

Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I ; physiology ; Lung Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors ; therapeutic use ; Receptor, IGF Type 1 ; antagonists & inhibitors ; physiology ; Signal Transduction ; physiology

Brain arteriovenous malformation (bAVM) is a common cerebrovascular disease in clinical practice. Compared with adults, children with bAVM are more prone to rupture and bleeding, and have a higher mortality and disability. Therefore, it is very important to accurately evaluate the bleeding risk of children with bAVM and reasonably select intervention measures to improve the prognosis. The treatment methods of children with bAVM mainly include conservative treatment, microsurgical treatment, endovascular embolization, stereotactic radiosurgery, and multimodal combined treatment. At present, the treatment indications and specific treatment options for children with bAVM are controversial.

Spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a common acute cerebrovascular disease with high morbidity and mortality in clinical practice.Recent studies have shown that early brain injury (EBI)would occur within 72 h after SAH,and is closely associated with the poor outcome in patients with SAH.There are many possible mechanisms resulting in EBI,such as inflammation,autophagy,apoptosis.These damage mechanisms are all associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress.This article reviews the roles of endoplasmic reticulum stress in EBI after SAH.