Objective To explore the efficacy of transurethral nephroscopic pneumatic lithotripsy combined with ultrasound lithotripsy for bladder calculus.MethodsBy using transurethral F20.8 nephroscope and EMS LithoCaster,we performed transurethral nephroscopic pneumatic lithotripsy and ultrasound lithotripsy on 69 patients with bladder calculus(63 men and 6 women)between October 2005 and May 2008.The diameter of the calculi was ranged from 1.5 to 6.0 cm.Among the patients,42 had one stone in the bladder,while 27 had multiple calculi.Fifty-five patients were complicated with BPH,14 had neurogenic bladder,and 4 showed bladder diverticulum with stones in situ.Pneumatic frequency was set at 8-12 Hz,and ultrasonic energy was 50%-60%.For the patients with BPH electrovaporization ablation was plused.ResultsAmong the 69 patients,68 were cured in one session.The mean operation time was 25 minutes(15 to 40 minutes).One patient was converted to open surgery because of rupture of the bladder during the procedure.No patient had urethral stricture,infection,or massive hemorrhage during the operation.Follow-up was available in 68 patients for 6 to 10 months(mean,9 months).During the period,no recurrent calculi was found by ultrasonography and X-ray.ConclusionTransurethral nephroscopic pneumatic lithotripsy combined with ultrasound lithotripsy is effective for bladder calculus.

Objective To investigate the NAT(nucleic acid amplification technique)-HBV/HCV results among single ALT(+)blood donors,in order to provide theoretical basis of optimizing strategy for blood screening.Methods A total of 28 800 samples,from December 2006 to December 2007,were studied retrospectively.ALT was tested by rate method.HBV-DNA and HCV-RNA in single ALT(+) samples were detected via NAT-HBV/HCV.The relationship between positive ALT values and ELSIA-HBV/HCV OD values was analyzed.Results A total of 2 516 ALT(+) cases were found in 28 800 samples.Of these ALT(+)cases,8 positive cases were found via NAT-HBV/HCV,including 5 HBV-DNA(+) and 3 HCV-RNA(+) cases.The positive rates of NAT-HBV/HCV for the donors with ALT values ≤80 U/L were significant lower than those with ALT values≥81 U/L(P

Objective:To prepare the production of TIGIT-Fc fusion protein using H22 cells stably integrated the gene by lentivirus vector , and to explore the immunoregulatory effect on macrophages by TIGIT-Fc.Methods: TIGIT-Fc fusion gene were constructed by molecular cloning.The fusion gene was then subcloned to plasmids contained the secretion signaling peptide .The secrected TIGIT-Fc fusion gene was inserted into the lentivirus backbone vector.The purified lentivirus vector was the used to infect the murine H22 cell line.TIGIT-Fc protein was purified by protein A column from the ascites of H 22-injected C57BL/6 mice.Macrophages stimulated by lipopolysaccharide ( LPS ) was challenged to TIGIT-Fc treatment or control.Cytokine levels was then detected by ELISA.Results: TIGIT-Fc protein was purified from the ascites of H 22-injected mice.PVR was upregulated in LPS-treated macrophages.IL-10 level was upregulated in TIGIT-Fc treated macrophages.Conclusion: TIGIT-Fc promotes the mature macrophages to secrete anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10.

Objective To study the probability of transferring the regulatory T cells induced by TGF-β1 to prolong the allograft survival and the mechanisms involved.Methods According to the different culture conditions.three experimental groups were established:control group(T cells from C57 BL/6 mice cultured with II-2),MLR group(T cells from C57BL/6 mice activated by alloantigen)and TGF-βgroup(T cells from C57BL/6 mice activated by alloantigen and cultured with 5.0 ng/ml TGF-β1).After the culture,the ratio of CI4+CD25+T and the Foxq3 expression were measured by FACS and RT-PCR,respectively.On 9th day,the pathologic analysis was performed and the ratios of TH1,TH2 and Treg and the proliferation of lymphocytes were measured.Results The ratio of CD4+CD25+T in TGF-β group was higher than that in control group and MLR group(P<0.05),and Foxp3 was expressed in CD4+CD25+T cell from TGF-βgroup.After transferring ofthe cells,the allografi survival time in TGF-β group was prolonged and its mean survival time(MST)was(22.8±1.9)d,which was longer than that in MLR group and control group (P0.05),lower than that of control group(P<0.05). And the ratio of CD4+CD25+T in TGF-β group was higher than that in control and MLR group obviously(P

Objective To compare the application effect between the method of cassette automatic blood analyzer and the method of traditional serological .Methods Using the method of cassette automatic blood analyzer and the method of traditional serological , respectively ,the samples of blood donors in Dongguan from October 1 ,2013 to April 30 ,2014 were performed irregular antibody screening .The positive samples of screening were identified by using antiglobulin method ,and the irregular antibodies of blood do‐nors were analyzed .Results There were 95 positive cases of irregular antibody by the method of cassette automatic blood analyzer , and the detection rate was 0 .208% .There were 16 positive cases of irregular antibody by the method of traditional serological ,the detection rate was 0 .035% ,and there was statistical significance in differences (P< 0 .05) .The positive coincidence rate of the method of cassette automatic blood analyzer was 56 .547% ,higher than the rate of the method of traditional serological which was 28 .571 % (P<0 .05) .The positive rate of irregular antibody was 2 .242% in RhD‐negative blood donors ,higher than the rate in RhD‐positive blood donors which was 0 .198% (P<0 .05) .Conclusion The positive rate of irregular antibody in blood donors i‐dentified by using the method of cassette automatic blood analyzer is higher than the rate identified by using the method of tradition‐al serological .The irregular antibody screening should be performed for RhD‐negative blood donors .The types of irregular antibody in blood donors are mainly the types of IgM which are no clinical significance .

BACKGROUND:With the increasing of aging, the incidence and mortality of osteoporotic hip fracture wil rise. It is of great significance to study the pathogenesis and preventing method. At present, finite element analysis can be used to judge fracture, only for the distribution trend of fracture failure in the starting point or section view, but it cannot completely reflect actual situation of fracture. OBJECTIVE:To build the fracture model of the femoral neck fracture caused by fal ing-induced external force based on the finite element analysis LS-DYNA software, and to evaluate the effect of rupture. METHODS:CT image data of one case of elderly femoral neck fracture were col ected. Using Mimics software, region growth of the contralateral area, cavity fil ing, editing, rebuilding the contralateral proximal femur model were conducted. Data were imported in Hypermesh and LS-DYNA software for meshing, and defining material properties. The failure parameters and interfacial properties were set. The load and force boundary constraints simulating the fal ing were simulated. The model of femoral neck fracture was calculated. Rupture effect was evaluated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) The validity of contralateral proximal femur three-dimensional model was verified. Based on the finite element analysis software LS-DYNA, the femoral neck fracture model matched the actual fracture line to a degree of close to 83%. (2) Above results confirmed that based on the finite element analysis, LS-DYNA software can wel simulate the femoral neck fracture, which provides experimental basis to the exploration of femoral neck fracture classification mechanism caused by different fal ing-induced external forces.

Objective To improve the stability of epirubicin long circulation liposomes via lyophilizing technology and preliminarily evaluate their quality. Methods The effect of the various cryoprotectant,different pre-freezing and total drying time on the preparation was analyzed. The stability of the lyophilized powder was tested at (25±2) ℃ and (60±10)% relative humidity for 3 months. Results The protective agent trehalose to liposomes was 31. The freeze-drying was conducted with pre-freezing temperature at -70 ℃,precooling for 8 h and total drying for 24 h. There were no significant differences in particle size,encapsulation efficiency and drug content of lyophilized long-circulating liposomes compared with those un-lyophilized. After 3 months under the accelerated condition,it had good redispersibility, entrapment rate (>94%) and drug content (>99%) . Conclusion Lyophilizing the long-circulation epirubicin liposomes can effectively improve the stability of the preparation.

Objective:To observe the efficacy of calcined bovine bone(CBB)in the repair of animal bone defects.Methods:Ca-nine alveolar bone defect model,rat and rabbit calvarial critical size defect models were established respectively.All animals were randomly divided into 2 groups(n=6).The defects in the experimental group were repaire with CBB,those in the control group were not treated.The effects were observed by HE staining,Micro CT and Masson trichrome staining.Results:Canin alveolar bone de-fects were well repaired 8 week after operation.The skull defects in rabbits and SD rats were replaced by new bone 1 2 and 8 weeks after operation respectively.In all the control groups bone defects were not healed or not completely repaired.Conclusion:CBB is ef-fective in the repair of bone defects.

Background and purpose: Current colorectal cancer patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) models were established by samples taken during surgery. However, metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients have less surgical opportunities, and it was difcult to obtain enough tumor fragment. The aim of the present study was to es-tablish mCRC PDXs by image-guided biopsy. Methods: A total of 12 patients with colorectal cancer who underwent surgery were included. All patients had recurrent lesions or metastatic lesions needed to be histologically confirmed, and none of them had contraindication to biopsy. Tumor tissues not required for clinical diagnosis were used to establish mCRC PDXs. Results: Seven PDXs grew sufficiently for transfer into mice. The success rate was 77.8%. Conclusion:The PDXs established by image-guided biopsy had the advantage of convenient operation, good reproducibility, high achievement ratio, short experimental periodicity and reliably retain specific genetic and morphological features of the primary patient tumors.

Objective The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of partial pancreatectomy as part of primary cytoreductive surgery in advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Methods A total of 8 patients were recruited in this study who underwent partial pancreatectomy during the primary cytoreductive surgeries for advanced EOC in Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center from April 2009 to July 2015. Their clinicopathological characteristics, diameter of metastatic tumors, the scope of cytoreductive surgeries, residual diseases after cytoreductive surgeries, postoperative complications and survival situation were retrospective analyzed. Results (1) Clinicopathological characteristics:the median age of these patients was 58 years old(range: 39-63 years old). The median value of preoperative serum CA125 was 1 688 kU/L(range: 119-5 000 kU/L). The median diameter of metastatic tumors involved in pancreatic body or tail was 4.5 cm (range:3-10 cm). All the tumors from the 8 patients were confirmed to be high-grade serous carcinoma. Four patients were staged as International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO)Ⅳ, and the other 4 patients were staged as FIGOⅢc. (2) Tumor metastases and the scope of cytoreductive surgeries:all of these 8 patients had widely disseminated ovarian cancer, with involvement of upper abdominal, middle abdominal and pelvic cavity. Each patient underwent extensive intra-abdominal cytoreductive surgeries, including hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, omentectomy, pelvic periton-ectomy, splenectomy, partial pancreatectomy. Each patient had cytoreductive surgeries of 9.6 different sites on average. Of all 8 patients who underwent partial pancreatectomy, 7 patients had pancreatic tails removed;the other 1 patient had pancreatic body and tail removed. The median volume of blood loss during surgery was 1 350 ml(range:300-3 500 ml), blood transfusion was performed in 7 patients with the median volume of 1 150 ml (range: 500-1 800 ml). (3) Residual diseases after cytoreductive surgeries: optimal cytoreduction was achieved in all patients, with microscopic residual disease in 3 patients, residual tumors diameter < 0.5 cm in 3 patients, and residual tumors diameter between 0.5 and 1 cm in 2 patients. (4) Postoperative complications: 4 patients suffered from complications including pancreatic leakage (2/8), intraperitoneal hemorrhage (1/8) and pancreatic pseudocyst accompanied by infection (1/8). These complications were treated successfully by conservative managements. (5) Survival situation: during the median follow-up duration of 17 months (ranged from 2 to 46 months), 5 patients were still alive until the end of follow-up, including 4 cases under treatment and 1 case survived 29 months without relapse after treatment. Three patients were respectively died in 5, 20 and 46 months after surgery. Conclusion There is a higher risk of postoperative complications of pancreas resection as part of primary cytoreductive surgery in advanced epithelial ovarian cancer, but the resection of pancreatic metastases and part of the pancreas is feasible and necessary.