OBJECTIVE To study the synchronous electromyograhic features of suprahyoid muscles [anterior digastric muscle(AD), posterior digastric muscle(PD),stylohyoid muscle(STH),mylohyoid muscle(MH)and geniohyoid muscle(GH)] and intrinsic laryngeal muscles [lateral cricoarytenoid muscle(LCA)and posterior cricoarytenoid muscle(PCA)]. METHODS Synchronous electromyograhic features of 13 dogs were observed under the circumstances of breath, swallowing and phonation. RESULTS ①AD, PD, STH, MH, GH and PCA discharged during inspiratory phase, while LCA discharged during expiratory phase. ②During swallow, suprahyoid muscles and LCA showed intensive synchronous discharge. The myoelectricity of PCA was suppressed while myopotential can be detected during intermission. ③During phonation, AD, PD, LCA and PCA showed an intensive synchronous discharge, while emergence time of PCA was later. GH and STH showed no myoelectricity activities. CONCLUSION①During phonation and swallowing, MH is synchronized with LCA. It can be chosen as the backup muscle for the reestablishment of glottic adduct function. ②During inspiratory phase, GH is synchronized with PCA. It can be chosen as the backup muscles for the reestablishment of vocal cord abduct function.

Objective To study the effects of transient cerebral ischemic reperfusion(IR) and flunarizine on the expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1(PAI-1) protein in brain tissue of gerbils.Methods A cerebral transient ischemic-reperfusion model in gerbils was established by clamping both common carotid.The gerbils were fed with flunarizine before experiment in flunarizine treatment group.The expression of PAI-1 protein in brain tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry technique at the 1,3 and 7 days after IR.Results There was slight expression of PAI-1 protein in the brain tissue of gerbils in the normal control group and sham operation group.Compared with normal control group,the expression of PAI-1 protein in neurons and gliacytes of ischemic gerbils was evidently increased at the 1,3 and 7 days in the cerebral ischemia group(all P

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of comprehensive rehabilitation therapy on movement function of stroke patients.Methods121 cases of acute stroke were randomly divided into the rehabilitation group (n=59) and control group (n=62). Patients of the rehabilitation group were treated with Bobaths and motive relearning method. Cases of the control group were treated with ordinary rehabilitation. All patients were assessed by the clinical neural function-defect assessment, concise Fugl-Meyer assessment (FMA) and modified Barthel index (MBI).ResultsThe scores of the clinical neural function-defect assessment set, FMA, and MBI of two groups were not different before treatment (P>0.05), while there was a significant improvement after treatment (P<0.01), and scores of the rehabilitation group was significantly higher than that of the control group.ConclusionComprehensive rehabilitation therapy can facilitate the function recovery, and gain a good functional prognosis to the stroke patients.

BACKGROUND: Ischemic stroke has a younger tendency; hence to explore the risk factors of stroke in the middle-aged and youth for primary rehabilitation has extremely important clinical significance.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the risk factor-of stroke in the middle-aged and youth.DESIGN: A case-control analysis based on diagnose.SETTING: Department of neurology in a university hospital.PARTICIPANTS: Totally 100 hospitalized patients including the middle-aged and youth ( ＜ 44 years old, n = 63 ) and the pre-elderly (45 - 49years old, n = 37) with mean age of(42. 91 ±6.8) were selected into stroke group from the Department of Neurology, Xiangya Second Hospital, Central South University between July 1997 and December 2000. Another 100 surgical patients without history of cerebrovascular diseases aged(42.70 ± 2.98) including the middle-aged and youth( n = 61 ) and the pre-elderly( n = 39) were collected randomly from the same corresponding period as control gruop.METHODS: A comparative study of 12 risk factors between two groups was studied and compared the middle-aged group and youth, the pre-elderly group with control group.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Morbidity comparison of each risk factor in each group.RESULTS: Hypertension, hyperlipemia, abnormal electrocardiogram (ECG),family history of stroke, arteriosclerosis of the eyeground, diabetes, and rheumatic heart disease are risk factors of ischemic stroke in the middle-aged.CONCLUSION: It is extremely important significance to reduce blood pressure and blood-fat level in the prevention of ischemic stroke.

Objective To observe the efficacy and adverse effects of conventionally fractionated (CF) versus hypofractionated (HF) three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with portal vein tumor thrombosis.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 65 patients with HCC suitable for 3DCRT from 2008 to 2012.These patients were randomly divided into HF group (n =32) and CF group (n =32).The HF group received 3DCRT at a total dose of 45-55 Gy (3-4 Gy/fraction,3-5 fractions/week),while the CF group at a total dose of 40-56 Gy (2 Gy/fraction,5 fractions/week).Results The follow-up rate was 100％.For the HF group and CF group,the short-term response rates were 72％ vs.55％ (P =0.034),the 1-year local control rates were 72％ vs.55％ (P=0.034),the 1-year overall survival rates were 59％ vs.45％ (P=0.042),and the numbers of individuals with grade 1-2 acute gastrointestinal reactions,deterioration of liver function,and radiation hepatitis were 14 vs.11,8 vs.8,and 1 vs.0,respectively (P =0.237).Conclusions HF 3DCRT is superior to CF 3DCRT in the treatment of HCC.

Objective To explore the experience of emergency operation for patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in neonates and to assess the therapeutic effect.Methods The clinical data of 31 PDA neonates(15 male,16 female) treated in our department from July 2012 to February 2015 were reviewed retrospectively.Of these cases,28 were preterm infants and 3 were full term infants.Mean gestational age was 30+4 weeks ranging from 26+2 to 39 +3 weeks.Mean birth weight and weight at operation was(1 159.0 ± 729.2) g and (1 522.0 ± 644.5) g,respectively.We operated with left transaxillary straight incision in 6 cases and posterolateral minimal incision in 25 cases,and the pleural cavity was entered via the 4th intercostal space.All the neonates were divided into ＜ 1 500 g group(n =24) and ＞ 1 500 g group(n =7) by weight,the clinical prognosis were analysized.Results All 31 operations were finished successfully.No deaths occurred as a result of surgery.Average time of operation was (62.7 ± 29.9) min.Mean time of mchanical ventilation after the operation among survivors was (5.5 ± 4.7) d.The time of mechanical ventilation between ＜ 1 500 g group and ＞ 1 500 g group were (7.2 ± 2.3) d and (4.9 ± 2.4) d respectively,and there was significant difference between two groups(P ＜ 0.001).The time of hospital stay were (45.3 ± 11.0) d and (20.4 ± 14.5) d respectively between two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Twenty-eight cases recovered and released from the hospital successfully.Two cases quited the treatment themselves and 1 succumbed to death because of heart failure,hyperkalemia and arrhythmia.ConclusionEmergency surgical closure is a safe and effective method for the treatment of neonatal large PDA,especially with congestive heart failure,a variety of complications,long time ventilator dependence,medical treatment failure,which should be ligatured timely as it can have severe influence on the cardiopulmonary function.After ligation the abnormal shunt will disappear and the cardiopulmonary function will be better.It is helpful to extubate ventilators and improve the survival rates.

This article introduces a new applications which is used in the central electrocardiogram monitoring system of a tele-monitoring system for electrocardiogram transmitted by telephone.The applications is composed of the components of database,real-time monitoring and signal processing.The paper is mainly about digital wave filter used to process real-time collected signals and the algorithm to measure the interval between R-R electrocardiograms.

Objective To ascertain the role of NF?B and relationship among TGF?1,caspase-3 and apoptosis in CsA-induced nephrotoxicity.Methods Sixty-four wistar male rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:Vehicle,PDTC,CsA and CsA + PDTC group.The animals were daily subcutaneously injected either with CsA(15 mg/kg)or vehicle/PDTC(100 mg/kg).Four weeks later,BUN,serum creatinine,NAG and urine routine were examined.The kidneys were processed for light microscopy,immunohistochemistry and TENUL.Results A rat model of CsA-induced nephrotoxicity was established.CsA group showed significant increase in BUN,SCr and urine NAG compared with the controls,whereas CsA + PDTC group did not.Apoptosis is observered by TUNEL and the expressions of NF-?B,TGF-?1,caspase-3 increased significantly in CsA group compared with conrtol group.Whereas,both the apoptosis and the expressions of these proteins significantly decreased in rats treated with PDTC.Conclusion Apoptosis is induced in the CsA-induced chronic nephrotoxicity.Inhibition of NF-?B activation blockaded apoptosis and ameliorated CsA-induced chronic nephrotoxicity.The results suggest that NF-?B plays important roles in the progression of chronic CsA nephrotoxicity.