OBJECTIVE To study the synchronous electromyograhic features of suprahyoid muscles [anterior digastric muscle(AD), posterior digastric muscle(PD),stylohyoid muscle(STH),mylohyoid muscle(MH)and geniohyoid muscle(GH)] and intrinsic laryngeal muscles [lateral cricoarytenoid muscle(LCA)and posterior cricoarytenoid muscle(PCA)]. METHODS Synchronous electromyograhic features of 13 dogs were observed under the circumstances of breath, swallowing and phonation. RESULTS ①AD, PD, STH, MH, GH and PCA discharged during inspiratory phase, while LCA discharged during expiratory phase. ②During swallow, suprahyoid muscles and LCA showed intensive synchronous discharge. The myoelectricity of PCA was suppressed while myopotential can be detected during intermission. ③During phonation, AD, PD, LCA and PCA showed an intensive synchronous discharge, while emergence time of PCA was later. GH and STH showed no myoelectricity activities. CONCLUSION①During phonation and swallowing, MH is synchronized with LCA. It can be chosen as the backup muscle for the reestablishment of glottic adduct function. ②During inspiratory phase, GH is synchronized with PCA. It can be chosen as the backup muscles for the reestablishment of vocal cord abduct function.

ObjectiveTo investigate the inhibitory effects of indomethacin(IN) on proliferation and DNA synthesis of cultured human fetal retinal pigment epithelium(hRPE) cells in vitro.MethodsPrimary culture and subculture of hRPE cells were established in vitro first.Cultured hRPE cells were treated by various concentrations 50,100,200,400,600 μ mol/L(final concentration)of IN for 24h.After 24h,the amount of DNA in RPE cells was determined by the absorbance at 280nm of Nucleic Acid δ Protein Analysis.Cells proliferation of RPE were measured with methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT) assay method by adding 100,200,400,600,800,1000μ mol/L(final concentration) of IN for 12h.ResultsAfter added various concentrations of IN,the DNA concentrations were ( 101.1712± 15.5124),( 88.6400± 13.5845),( 72.3651± 7.7969),( 59.9089± 10.7229),( 51.2236± 8.7757)μg/ml respectively,P values were 0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000(q test) as compared to that ( 213.7351± 83.1572)μg/ml in 0μg/L IN.The A values added 100,200,400,600,800,1000μmol/L of IN were ( 0.2367± 0.0546),( 0.1687± 0.0695),( 0.0819± 0.03461),( 0.0656± 0.01759),( 0.0554± 0.02865),( 0.0508± 0.02775)respectively,P values were 0 .158,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000(q test) as compared to ( 0.2674± 0. 04302) of A value of 0ug/L IN.ConclusionThe data suggested that IN can inhibit DNA synthesis and proliferation of hRPE cells in vitro in a dose dependent manner.

Objective To explore the protective effect of Tea polyphenols(TP) on radiation injury in submandibular glands. Methods Sixty rats were randomly divided into radiation group(R-group) and tea polyphenols combined radiation group (TPR-group), both groups were irradiated with a single exposure of 15 Gy γ-rays delivered to the head and neck area. The rats were intragastrically administered with normal sodium or TP from 14 days before radiation to the experiment ended. On day 3, day 6 and day 30 after radiation, ten submandibular glands glands were taken from each groups. TUNEL method was used to examine the apoptosis of submandibular glands cells and immunohistochemical technique was used to detect the Bcl-2 and the Bax expression in the glands. The morphologic changes of submandibular glands were observed by transmission electron microscopy. Results Apoptosis index in the cell of submandibular glands were significant decreased on days 3, days 6 and days 30 after irradiation, compared with R-group ( F = 56.383, P ＜ 0.01 ). Expression of Bcl-2 and Bax were not significant difference between the two groups. The lesions of submandibular glands in TPR-group were lighter and the apoptosis in cell nuclear were not typical than that of R-group from electron microscope study. Conclusion TP could protect the sumandibular glands against radiation injuries and the mechanism might be realized with the anti-apoptosis in the glands cell.

Objective:To evaluate the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor C(VEGF-C),Epstein-Barr virus(EBV) latent membrane protein 1(LMP1),cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC).Method:LMP1, COX-2 and VEGF-C were detects by immunohistochemical staining for 57 case NPC tissue.Result:The positives rates of LMP1,COX-2 and VEGF-C detected by immunohistochemical staining were 49.1%(28/57), 75.4%(43/57)and 59.6%(34/57), respectively. The expression of LMP1, COX-2 and VEGF-C were correlated to each1 other in NPC(P<0.05).Conclusion:LMP1 and COX-2 may induce expression of VEGF-C directly or LMP1 induce expression of VEGF-C by induce COX-2 expression, may contribute to lymph metastasis and develop NPC.

Esophagus ; pathology ; Foreign Bodies ; Hoarseness ; diagnosis ; Humans

Objective:To compare the efficacy of casting frame and traditional fixed maxillary protraction appliances in the correc-tion of skeletal Ⅲ malocclusion in mixed dentition.Methods:30 cases with Class Ⅲ malocclusion in mixed dentition were random-ly divided into 2 groups.Casting frame maxillary protraction appliance was applied in group 1 (1 5 cases)and traditional fixed maxil-lary protraction appliance in group 2(15 cases).X-ray cephalometric examination results before and after treatment,treatment time, and the number of visit in 2 groups were analyzed with SPSS 1 3.0.Results:The treatment time in group 1 and 2 was (7.03 ±1 .32) and (9.07 ±1 .31 )months(P <0.05),the number of visiting was (8.00 ±1 .46)and (10.47 ±1 .85)(P <0.05),the cephalomet-ric measurement change of △U1 -SN was (3.85 ±0.95)°and (5.25 ±0.95)°(P <0.05),respectively.Conclusion:Casting frame protraction appliance is an efficient and practical intraoral device,which can prevent anterior upper teeth inclined to labial.

Objective:To explore the influence of buccal corridor of Han people on smile esthetics.Methods:An attractive adult male and a adult female were selected as the models.Buccal corridor was altered digitally with slider technology of Adobe Flash CS4 to obtain a continuous range of buccal corridors(0% -25%).96 orthodontists aged 35.1 ±7.2 years and 96 laypersons aged 37.3 ± 5.1 years were chosen as the raters.The minimum tolerable value(A%),the ideal value(B%)and the maximum tolerable value (C%)of buccal corridor of the models were statistically analyzed.Results:In the orthodontist groupA,B and C of the male model were 5.00 ±0.1 7,9.75 ±2.77 and 1 5.00 ±2.84,in layperson group were 4.79 ±1 .00,9.20 ±3.08 and 1 5.05 ±2.91 ,respec-tively;in orthodontist group,A,B and C of the female model were 3.92 ±0.1 7,1 1 .87 ±2.77 and 1 5.82 ±2.84,in layperson group were 4.00 ±1 .00,1 2.05 ±3.08 and 1 5.1 1 ±2.91 ,respectively(all data between groups,P >0.05).The ideal buccal corri-dor value(%)of the male and female models were 9.48 ±2.73 and 1 1 .96 ±1 .99 respectively(P <0.05).Conclusion:There is no difference between orthodontists and laypersons for buccal corridor esthetic judgment.The ideal esthetic buccal corridor size of male and female is different.

Objective To explore the risk factors in post-polypectomy hemorrhage in rectum and to discuss the appropriate interventions.Methods A total of 313 patients with 373 polypi were included in this study. The clinical data were analyzed by SPSS 16 software. Results There were 313 patients with colorectal polypus curatively resected and 373 polypi in total.There were 11 (3.5％) patients subjected to post-polypectomy hemorrhage in rectum.Regression analysis showed that the independent risk factor of postpolypectomy hemorrhage in rectum was the hypertension of patients (P ＜ 0.01 ) and this hemorrhage had no significant correlations with patientg'ender,age,size of polypus,pathological characteristics and the methods of polypectomy.Conclusions Hypertension of patients is an independent risk factor in post-polypectomy hemorrhage.

Objective:To compare the smile characteristics of the subjects with different types of malocclusion.Methods:1 80 sub-jects with classⅠ(n =60),classⅡ(n =60)and class Ⅲ(n =60)malocclusion at the age of 1 8 to 25 years were included.The smile vidioes and posed smile images of the subjects were acquired.Smile quantitative evaluation indexes were measured and analysed.Re-sults:There were statistical differences in smile indexes and the amount of the gingival exposure in classⅡ subjects between the male and female(P <0.05).There were statistical differences in the quantitative evaluation indexes except the smile symmetry rate among the three groups(P <0.05).The buccal corridor and the gingival exposure ordered from larger to smaller:class Ⅱ >classⅠ >classⅢ,smile index of class Ⅲ was greater than that of class Ⅰ and class Ⅱ,the teeth exposure of class Ⅱ was less than that of class Ⅰand class Ⅲ.Conclusion:Malocclusion types may affect smile characteristics.