OBJECTIVE To study the clinical application and its advantage of cervical tongue-shaped flap in tracheal stoma after total laryngectomy.METHODS A tongue-shaped flap was retained underneath the U-shape incision in front of the neck.When tracheal stoma was made,the tongue-shaped flap was sutured with the mucous membrane of tracheal posterior wall.A little bit tissue of tracheal anterior wall in the broken end could be cut off and sutured with the skin under the tracheal stoma.RESULTS The diameter of the tracheal stoma was or not less than 3.0 cm?2.5 cm after operation.All the cases were followed up for 1 to 4.5 years after surgery.The tracheal stoma of all the cases grown downwards to 2.0～1.8 cm after a half to one year and then maintained invariably.The tongue-shaped flap and the skin around the tracheal stoma maintained smooth.It was not necessary for the patients to wear the trachea cannulas.CONCLUSION This method has lots of advantages such as less pain,lower medical cost and the increased recovery rate.

Clopidogrel is an antiplatelet drug widely used in clinical practice now.It has been used as the secondary prevention medication for myocardial infarction,ischemic stroke,and peripheral vascular disease.However,the anti-platelet aggregation effect of clopidogrel has significant individual differences.A large part of patients have clopidogrel resistance phenomenon.The mechanism of clopidogrel resistance is not fully understood.The genetic polymorphism is an important cause of clopidogrel resistance,including ABCB1,CYP2C19,CYP3A4,CYP3A5,P2Y12,and ITGB3.

Objective To discusses the methods of the case selection and monitoring and diagnosis and treatment to selective non-operative management of closed splenic injuries .Methods The clinical data and results of 98 cases from October 1999 to Octo-ber 2011 with closed splenic injuries managed non-operative treatment were analyzed retrospectively .Results There were 90 cases (91 .8% ) conservative successfully ,5 cases(5 .1% ) transit operation because hematoma increase and bleeding continuously during therapeutic observation and 2 cases(3 .1% ) died from multiple injuries merge infection and multiple organ failure .Conclusion Most of the closed splenic injuries below level Ⅱcan be treated by non-operative management ,the effect and prognosis determined by the reasonable case selection and monitoring conditions and diagnosis and treatment .

In this study, in vitro chemosensitivity testing was conducted on primary cultured breast cancer cells from 96 patients with breast cancer, and the results showed that the cells from a few patients with primary breast cancer developed multidrug resistance (MDR) prior to the first chemotherapy exposure. All the cells from the recurrent cancer patients had MDR. The findings suggested that patients having MDR would benefit from high-dose chemotherapy (HDC) regimens. In vitro chemosensitivity screening, which was aimed at improving the therapeutic efficacy and minimizing side effects, helps in choosing individualized treatment for breast cancer.
Antineoplastic Agents/*pharmacology ; Breast Neoplasms/*drug therapy ; Breast Neoplasms/pathology ; Drug Resistance, Multiple ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor/*methods ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/*drug therapy ; Tumor Cells, Cultured

ObjectiveTo investigate the status and explore methods to improve the quality of diabetic education for young and middle-aged patients.MethodsOutpatients took part in diabetic education program and young and middle-aged diabetic patients that visited the eastern district of affiliated hospital of Qingdao university medical college from May 1st,2010 to Oct.30th,2010 were investigated with questionnaire for their diabetic education status and demands.ResultsA total of 381 patients were enrolled in this study.59.1％ clinical diabetic education program participants were aged 60 or older and only 40.9％ were aged 20 to 59 years,of whom 66.7％ had been diagnosed with diabetes more than 5 years and only 33.3％ had been diagnosed with diabetes less than 5 years.According to the survey of 101 young and middle-aged diabetic patients,only 16.8％ patients younger than 60 took part in different kinds of diabetic education programs but about 95％ young and middle aged patients wished to participate in diabetic education programs.ConclusionYoung and middle-aged diabetic patients have received much less diabetic education than elderly patients.Diabetic education for young and middle-aged patients needs to be strengthened urgently.

Objective To investigate the relationship of pancreatic β-cell function and insulin resistance with microalbuminuria in a cross -sectional study of patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods A total of 524 partici-pants with type 2 diabetes were recruited in this cross -sectional study.All subjects'height,weight,waist circumfer-ence and blood pressure were measured.Venous blood samples were drawn to measure fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting lipids,glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c),fasting C -peptide (FPC).24h -urine was collected to measure urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER).Homeostasis model assessment of pancreatic β-cell function (HOMA -B) and insulin resistance (HOMA -IR)were estimated using fasting plasma C -peptide.According to HOMA -B quar-tile,the subjects were divided into four groups,including q1 -q4.According to HOMA -IR,the subjects were also divided into four groups,including Q1 -Q4.We assessed the crude associations across quartiles of these data with demographic and clinical parameters using a nonparametric test for trend across ordered groups (trend using Stata software).Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the relationships of pancreatic β-cell function and insulin resistance with microalbuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes.Results Trend test showed that UAER gradually reduced with increase of HOMA -B.The UAER values in subjects with q1,q2,q3 and q4 were 8.92(5.53 -28.65),8.55(5.52 -20.95),7.57(4.79 -19.83)and 7.84(5.23 -14.38)μg/min,respectively, and the trend was statistically significant(z =-2.1,P <0.05 ).With HOMA -IR increasing,UAER gradually increased.The UAER values in subjects with Q1,Q2,Q3 and Q4 were 6.73(4.85 -16.52),8.61 (5.2 -20.37), 8.31(4.88 -27.04),8.75(6.03 -25.21)μg/min,respectively,and the trend was also statistically significant(z =2.41,P <0.05).Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that subjects with the highest quartile of HOMA -B had lower possibility of microalbuminuria than patients with the lowest quartile of HOMA -B (adjusted OR q4 vs. q1 =0.39,95% CI:0.20 -0.76,Wald =7.59,P =0.006).Subjects with the highest quartile of HOMA -IR had higher risk of microalbuminuria than those with the lowest quartile of HOMA -IR (adjusted OR Q4 vs.Q1 =2.00, 95% CI:1.08 -3.72,Wald =4.84,P =0.028).Conclusion Insulin resistance is associated with an increased prevalence of microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetes,while improved pancreatic β-cell function is linked to decreased rates of microalbuminuria for those patients.

DNA marked-assisted selection of medicinal plants accelerated the breeding and promotion of new cultivars, and guaranteed the healthy development of Chinese medicinal materials industry. The first disease-resistant cultivar of notoginseng, namely "Miaoxiang Kangqi 1", served as the object of study. We evaluated the Kangqi's resistance of seeds, seedlings and root against the pathological bacteria (Fusarum oxysporum) of root rot. Compared to the traditional cultivars, the disease index of notoginseng seeds declined by 52.0% after inoculation for seven days; the death rate of seedlings and disease index of root respectively decreased by 72.1% and 62.4% after inoculation for 25 days. Additionally, the growth inhibition ratio of notoginseng seeds and seedlings declined after inoculation. The seeds, seedlings and roots of "Miaoxiang Kangqi 1" showed significantly resistant to root rot. The evaluation of disease-resistance of Kangqi provided the basis for the popularization of new cultivar and guaranteed the favoring conduct of notoginseng pollution-free cultivation.

The effects of four natural organic soil amendments on the quality and pesticide residues of Panax notoginseng were investigated through field experiments and the suitable dosage ratio of each soil amendment was selected to provide a new idea for the pollution-free cultivation of P. notoginseng. The four natural organic soil amendments used in this study were Jishibao, Jihuo, Fudujing, and omnipotent nutrients, which were produced by mixed fermentation of aboveground parts of different plants, biological waste residue, and biochar. During the experiments, only four soil amendments were applied to P. notoginseng instead of any pesticides and fertilizers. The experiment was designed as four factors and three levels. There were three dosage gradients(low, medium, and high) for Jishibao(A), Jihuo(B), Fudujing(C), and omnipotent nutrients(D). When the dosage of one soil amendment changed, the do-sage of the other soil amendments remained medium. There were 10 groups in addition to the soil amendment-free group as control(CK). The results showed that the four soil amendments could significantly improve the growth environment of P. notoginseng and increase the seedling survival rate and saponin content of P. notoginseng. The seedling survival rates of the treatment groups increased by 8.24%-30.05% as compared with the control group. Furthermore, the content of pesticide residues in P. notoginseng was too low to be detected, and that of heavy metals in P. notoginseng was far lower than the specified content in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020). The optimal effect was achieved at medium dosage for all the soil amendments with the highest content of saponins, high seedling survival rate, and significantly reduced heavy metals, such as lead, cadmium, arsenic, and mercury.
Arsenic ; Metals, Heavy/analysis* ; Panax notoginseng ; Soil ; Soil Pollutants/analysis*

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of Sanyinjiao acupoint sticking with Gushen Yutai Tie on threatened abortion. Methods A total of 216 women diagnosed with threatened abortion were randomly assigned to trial group (108 cases) and control group (108 cases). Both groups were treated with TCM syndrome differentiation treatment and progesterone soft capsule, and the trial group was treated with Gushen Yutai Tie acupoint sticking at Sanyinjiao (SP6) additionally. One treatment course was five days, and both groups were treated for three courses. Vaginal bleeding and lower abdominal pain, lumbar pain, nausea and vomiting were observed, pulsatility index (PI) and resistance index (RI) of the uterine artery were detected after treatment. Results The total effective rate in the trial group was 97.22% (105/108), which was significantly higher than that of 90.74% (98/108) in the control group (P<0.05). Symptom scores in the trial group were also significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.01). PI and RI in the ineffective (pregnancy failure) group were much lower than that of effective (threatened abortions with normal outcome) group (P<0.01). Conclusion The treatment that Gushen Yutai Tie acupoint sticking at Sanyinjiao combined with TCM syndrome differentiation and progesterone soft capsule had a better effect to improve pregnancy success rate in threatened abortion. PI and RI in uterine artery could be used to evaluate the outcome of pregnancy.

BACKGROUND:Bone defects are the leading cause of nonunion after firearm injury. Firearm injury is relatively special. Autograft and alograft al have big drawbacks, which cannot meet the requirements of basic-level hospitals. Using tissue-engineered bone with good blood vessels and osteogenic capability in repair of firearm bone defect wil be an ideal and feasible restoration method. OBJECTIVE: To explore the application of human vascular endothelial growth factor 121 gene-modified materials in the repair of firearm-induced radial injury in rabbits. METHODS: A total of 128 rabbits were randomly divided into surgical injury group and firearm injury group (n=64 per group). In the firearm injury group, 0.25 g steel bal was launched using 56-style musket to establish a firearm radial injury model; in the surgical injury group, surgical methods were used to produce a 1.2 cm radial injury model. Human vascular endothelial growth factor 121 gene-modified materials were used. The related histocytes from rabbits were harvested to obtain bone marrow stromal cels for culture. A porous scaffold material was prepared. The obtained materials were respectively implanted into radial defect sites in the surgical injury and firearm injury groups. The application of human vascular endothelial growth factor 121 gene-modified materials in rabbit radial defect repair was analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the surgical injury group, at 8, 12 and 16 weeks after repair, the gray level ratio of bone defect site and the anti-compression mechanical ratio at the healthy and repairing sides of the radius in the firearm injury group were decreased (P < 0.05), and the new bone area increased (P < 0.05). At 2 and 4 weeks after repair, the local blood flow at the repair area was significantly increased (P < 0.05). These results suggest that compared with the surgical injury group, the curative effect of human vascular endothelial growth factor 121 gene is more ideal in the firearm injury group because of the emergence of local ischemia and hypoxia in the process of radial defect repair. Human vascular endothelial growth factor 121-modified material can repair bone marrow stromal cels. The application of human vascular endothelial growth factor 121 in firearm burns can enhance the synthesis and secretion of angiogenic factors, improve the local blood flow, reduce anti-compression mechanical ratio, and increase the new bone area.