Objective To understand the distribution of severe mental disorders in Cangzhou City to provide basic foundation for making mental hygiene working planning.Methods From June 2011 to June 2015,five counties (cities and districts) were selected for data collation and analysis according to the east,south,west,north and the geographic location in all jurisdictions of Cangzhou.The data of patients with severe mental disorders were based on the village or community doctor report.Results The total resident population of five counties (cities and districts) was 1,695,752.The serious mental disorders detection rate was 3.06‰ in the district (2.65‰ in male and 3.50‰ in female);and it increased with age,and 70-year-old age group had the highest rate.In six categories of serious mental disorders,schizophrenia had the highest proportion (72.9％),followed by mental retardation (9.64％),mental disorders due to epilepsy (8.60％),bipolar (affective) disorder (4.34％),schizoaffective psychosis (3.02％),and paranoid psychosis (1.50％).It was found that 98.28％ patients were Han nationality;56.72％ patients lived in impoverished condition;88.66％ patients were famers.Conclusion Schizophrenia is the most common serious mental disorders in Cangzhou city,and the majority of patients were female with poorer families.