The transplants of one-year-old Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. were subjected to five concentrations of MnSO4-H2O (0, 1.81, 18.1, 36.2 and 54.3 mg·L(-1)) culturing in vermiculite. qRT-PCR and HPLC were respectively used to measure the relative expression of SQS1 gene and the content of glycyrrhizic acid of G. uralensis in different concentrations of MnSO4·H2O. This is to explore discuss the effects of the expression of SQS1 gene and the accumulation of glycyrrhizic acid by Mn treatment. The results showed both the expression of SQS1 gene and the content of glycyrrhzic acid of G. uralensis tended to rise after the fall of the first with the increase of concentration of Mn treatment. And they were of very significant positive correlation (P<0.01, r=0.737). Relative expression of SQS1 gene reached the highest 7.90 under 18.1 mg·L(-1) MnSO4·H2O treatment. It was very significantly different between 18.1 mg·L(-1) concentration of MnSO4·H2O treatment and CK (0 mg·L(-1)), 1.81, 36.2 and 54.3 mg·L(-1) (P<0.01), and 1.75, 1.37, 1.37, 2.33 times respectively. The content of glycyrrhizic acid reached the highest under 1.81 and 18.1 mg·L(-1) MnSO4·H2O treatment, and there were not significant difference (P>0.05). It was very significantly different between them and other concentrations of MnSO4·H2O treatment (P<0.01). This study suggests the appropriate concentration of Mn treatment could certain promote the expression of SQS1 gene and the accumulation of glycyrrhizic acid of G. uralensis.

Objective To establish an HPLC method for the determination of seven flavonoids from the aerial part of Artemisia frigida.Methods Hypersil ODS-2 (300 mm× 4.6 mm,5 μm) column was used,with acetonitril-0.2％ phosphoric acid (gradient elution) as a mobile phase,and the detection wavelength was at 283 nm with flow rate at 1mL/min.Results All calibration curves showed good linear regression (r ＞ 0.9990) within the tested range.All average recovery was more than 98.00％ and RSD was less than 3.0％ (n =6).Conclusion The method is steady and with good repeatability,and could be used to determine the content of flavonoids in A.frigida from different areas.

Object To study the influence of drought stress on imbibition germination of Glycyrrhiza uralensis seed and the drought resistance of its seedling. Methods To measure the imbibition rate, germination rate, seedling growth, relative tissue moisture content, relative electrical conductivity, SOD enzyme activity under drought stress simulated by PEG-6000. Results The imbibition rate, germination rate, SOD enzyme activity, and seedling growth present rising tendency then following by the decrease, while the relative tissue moisture content and the relative electrical conductivity tend to decrease. Conclusion The appropriate drought stress increases both the G. uralensis seed germination rate and the seedling drought resistance.

Objective To develop a HPLC quantitatively test method of glycyrrhizin, liquiritin and isoliquritigenin simultaneously for licorice. Methods The 67% methanol extracts of licorice powder were analyzed by reverse-phase HPLC on an ODS column, using a gradient elution with a mixture of 1% H3PO4 and acetonitrile. The eluate was monitored by UV absorption at 248, 276, 360 and 370 nm. Results The linear equation of glycyrrhizin was Y =1?106X +16 220, r 2=1. The linear equation of liquiritin was Y= 2?106X+49 444, r 2=0.999 5. The linear equation of isoliquritigenin was Y =1?107X +4.466 7, r 2=1. The recovery rate of glycyrrhizin, liquiritin and isoliquritigenin was 98.01%, 102.63% and 98.18% respectively. Conclusion The method is accurate, stable amd reliable, and can be used to determine the three main chemical contents simultaneously.

The contents of gallic acid, catechin, albiflorin, paeoniflorin, benzoic acid and paeonol extracted in different growth years, collecting season and of different parts of Paeonia lactiflora were determined. The results showed that the contents of catechin and paeoniflorin in Paeonia lactiflora collected in autumn are the highest, and the contents of benzoic acid was lower than that of those collected at other time. The longer is the age of Paeonia lactiflora, the higher is the contents of catechin and paeoniflorin. The contents of catechin and paeoniflorin in the root of Paeonia lactiflora were higher than those in other parts of the plant. There is a certain content of paeoniflorin in the leaves of Paeonia lactiflora. Judging from the result, paeoniflorin is synthesized in the leaf and then transported to the root. Catechin is not synthesized in the leaf, but mainly in the root. Paeonia lactiflora should be collected in autumn, and immature plant should not be collected.

Objective To discuss the diagnosis,differential diagnosis and treatment of obstructive jaundice in infants.Methods Infants with obstructive jaundice were examined by ECT to obtain dynamic images of the liver,biliary tract and intestine to find out the position and nature of the obstruction.Results Eight patients with delayed nuclide imagining were diagnosed as obstructive jaundice of cholestasis.Five of which with aggravated jaundice were cured by biliary irrigation and 3 by medication.For 16 patients with congenital biliary atresia,10 were exterior hepatic types and 6 interior hepatic types.They had the nuclide image of liver and biliary tract.Ten cases of the exterior hepatic types and four cases of the interior types received the Kasai operation.And bile was drained after the surgery.Seven patients survived and 4 of interior heaptic types died postoperatively.Due to bile fistula,3 patients died after the hepato-porto-jejunostomy for internal drainage.Two patients of interior hepatic types who had no operation died of the hepatic failure.Conclusion The nature and position of obstructive jaundice could be identified by nuclide imaging.Young patients with jaundice of cholestasis could be treated by antiinflamation,liver function protection,Hymecromone and Dexamethasone for two weeks.Once the serum bilirubin rises,operation would be indicated.In the case of congenital biliary atresia,operation should be done earlier on the basis of medication.

Objective To evaluate the influence of the placement of instant hand disinfectant in compliance and qualified rate of hand hygiene of clinicians.Methods Hand hygiene compliance of clinicians in departments of gyne-cology,obstetrics,and general surgery were observed after the placement of instant hand disinfectant at the door-way of wards,hand specimens were taken to check hand hygiene effectiveness.Results Before and after placement of instant hand disinfectant at the doorway of wards of above departments,hand hygiene behaviors of 300 person-times were observed.Hand hygiene compliance rate among clinicians in department of gynecology,obstetrics,and general surgery increased from 32.33% to 74.33%,33.67% to 85.67%,and 26.33% to 64.00%,respectively(all P <0.001).Each department selected 98 hand hygiene specimens,the qualified rate was 98.98%,100.00% and 94.90% respectively.Conclusion The placement of instant hand disinfectant at the doorway of each ward can effec-tively improve clinicians’hand hygiene compliance and hand hygiene effectiveness.

BACKGROUND: Artificial nerve grafts of human hair keratin are a kind of biological products. It has low antigenicity,absorbability and stimulation to nerve fiber growth following specific biochemistry. It is hoped to have better effect than otherartificial nerve grafts.　 OBJECTIVE: To investigate the anatomy and histocompatibility of artificial nerve grafts of the human-hair keratin, and toobserve its effects on the repair of peripheral nerves. 　 DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: Randomized, controlled, animal experiment. The study was performed at the Animal CentralLaboratory of Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Medical College between November 2006 and June 2008. MATERIALS: Artificial nerve grafts of human hair keratin is a compound of human hair processed by specific controlledbiochemistry based on ground substance, embedded with a layer of biological membrane. It has low antigenicity, absorbabilityand stimulation to nerve fiber growth following specific biochemistry. METHODS: Eighteen Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups. The sciatic nerve, 10 mm, was removed andtransplanted with human-hair keratin graft, skeletal muscle and untreated hair, respectively.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The characteristics of histomorphology and anatomy were observed at 8, 12, 24 weeks afterthe surgery. RESULTS: White tissues appeared between the broken ends of the sciatic nerve at 8 post-operative week in the graft group,and appeared in the graft space in human-hair keratin at the 12th week. At the 24th week, a large amount of infantile myelinatednerve fibers were observed under optical microscope regenerating around the human hair, which was partially degraded andabsorbed. Schwann cells were observed under an electron microscope and myelinization. 　 CONCLUSION: The artificial nerve grafts of the human-hair keratin are well compatible with the body tissues, and couldinduce nerve regeneration.

Objective To investigate the effects of hypoxia on malignant phenotype of a hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)cell line and its molecular basis.Methods Human HCC cell line with highly metastatic potential(MHCC97H)was grown under hypoxia(induced by 100 μmol/L CoCl_2)and normoxic conditions respectively.To observe the effects of hypoxia on MHCC97H cells was observed,the tumorigenicity was carried out by soft agar cloning method in vitro and inoculation in nude mice in vivo;Invasive and metastatic potential were measured.Experiments with and/or without Matrigel in vitro and a metastatic human HCC orthotopic nude mice model by HAL in vivo.To clarify the molecular background,the proliferation of cells were analyzed by MTT assay and the cell cycle was detected by flow cytometry;The expression of embryonic stem cell(ES)-like genes(Oct4,Nanog and Sox2)were detected by real-time RT-PCR;CD90~+ and CD133~+ subpopulation from MHCC97H cells were isolated by flow cytometry and the expressions of CD90 and CD133 of MHCC97H cells were analyzed by immunofluorescence.Results Hypoxia increased tumor migration(t=2.792,P=0.023),invasiveness(t=7.624,P＜0.0001)and clone forming ability(t=3.292,P=0.011)of MHCC97H cells in vitro,and promoted tumorigenesis(x~2=8.571,P=0.015)and pulmonary metastasis(x~2=5.507,P=0.031)in vivo.The proliferation of MHCC97H cells arrest under hypoxic conditions accompanied with increased proportion of cells in G1 phase,the expressions of Oct4,Nanog,Sox2 significantly increased in response to hypoxia,but the fluorescence intensity and number of CD90~+ and CD133~+ MHCC97H cells decreased or unchanged.Conclusion Hypoxia increases aggressiveness of MHCC97H cells,which was correlated with the acquisition of embryonic stem cell-like characteristics.

In recent years, animal experiments and clinical trials have confirmed that Euphorbiae Ebracteolatae Radix has outstanding medicinal value of cancer prevention in the aspects of inhibition of tumor cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis, cell cycle regulation and regulation of immune. It also has been reported that monomeric compounds with function of anti-tumor activity have been separated. This article reviewed anti-cancer effects of Euphorbiae Ebracteolatae Radix from five angles, which were anti-cancer active ingredient, anti-cancer mechanisms, clinical application, the effects of different processed products on anti-cancer effects and side effects.