The genus Xestospongia is one of the most widespread genera of sponges, containing abundant secondary metatolites with novel structures and potent bioactivities. The main structure types of secondary metatolites found in this genus are alkaloids, quinines, terpens, steroids, lipids, polyketones, etc. These metatolites exhibit a variety of bioactivities, such as cytotoxic, antibacterial and antiviral activities. This paper reviews the progress in the chemistry and pharmacological activities of the second metabolities from sponges of Xestospongia, especially for recent five years, with the aim for further research.

Objective Wnt signaling plays an important role in the development and progression of renal cell carcinoma (RCC).This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the Wnt signaling inhibitor 15-oxospiramilactone on the proliferation , migration, cell apoptosis, and cycles of the human RCC cell line 786-0, and to investigate the possible mechanisms of this small molecule acting on RCC in ivtro. Methods We treated 786-0 cells with DMSO ( blank control group ) and 15-oxospiramilactone at the concentrations of1.25μmol/L (low 15 -OSL), 2.5μmol/L (medium 15-OSL), and 5μmol/L (high 15-OSL), respectively, for 72 hours.Then we observed the changes in the proliferation and migration of the 786-0 cells by MTT and scratch-wound assay and determined their apopto-sis and cycles by Annexin V-FITC/PI assay and flow cytometry . Results 15-oxospiramilactone significantly inhibited the growth of the 7860-cells, with the IC 50of 1.088 μmol/L at 72 hours, and decreased their migration distance (P<0.05).After 36 hours of treatment, the apoptosis rates of the 786-0 cells in the low, medium, and high 15-OSL groups were (12.17 ±0.56), (18.54 ± 1.07), and (50.74 ±1.28) %, respectively, significantly increased as compared with (7.85 ±0.42) %in the blank control group (P<0.05), and in an obviously concentration-dependent manner.15-oxospiramilactone remarkably reduced the number of cells in the G0/G1 phase and increased that in the G 2/M phase (P<0.05). Conclusion 15-oxospiramilactone can significantly inhibit the pro -liferation and migration and induce the apoptosis of 786-0cells in vitro.It may be a potential anti-RCC agent.

Objective To compare the quadratus lumborum block and transversus abdominis plane block for postoperative analgesia in elderly patients undergoing abdominal surgery. Methods Seventy?two elderly patients of both sexes, aged 65-72 yr, with body mass index of 18-25 kg∕m2, of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical statusⅡorⅢ, scheduled for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy, were di?vided into 2 groups(n=36 each)by coin toss: transversus abdominis plane block group(group T)and quadratus lumborum block group(group Q). Anesthesia was induced and maintained routinely. Bilateral subcostal transversus abdominis plane block was performed under ultrasound guidance in group T. Bilateral paravertebral approach to quadratus lumborum block was performed under ultrasound guidance in group Q. The height of sensory block was assessed at 30 min after block. Ramsay sedation scores and Bruggrmann comfort scale scores were recorded at 30 min after block and 1, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h after operation. The requirement for parecoxib and fentanyl as rescue analgesics and complications such as nausea, vomiting, block of lower extremities and local anesthetic intoxication were recorded within 48 h after operation. Re?sults The height of sensory block was kept at T4?L1, and the main blocking area was T6?11in group T. The height of sensory block was kept at T4?L4, and the main blocking area was T6?L1in group Q. Compared with group T, the blocking area was enlarged, the requirement for parecoxib and fentanyl and incidence of nausea and vomiting were significantly decreased(P<0.05), and no significant change was found in Ram?say sedation scores or Bruggrmann comfort scale scores in group Q(P>0.05). Conclusion Quadratus lumborum block provides better efficacy for postoperative analgesia than transversus abdominis plane block in elderly patients undergoing abdominal surgery.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of domestic electronic vaporizer when used for sevoflurane anesthesia in rabbits.Methods Ninety healthy pathogen-free New Zealand rabbits of both sexes,aged 4-5 months,weighing 2.5-3.5 kg,were divided into 3 groups (n=30 each) using a random number table:mechanical vaporizer group (group M),domestic electronic vaporizer group (group E) and Zeus electronic vaporizer group (group Z).In group M,the mechanical vaporizer was used,the sevoflurane vaporizer dial was adjusted to 2％,with the fresh air flow set at 2 L/min.In E and Z groups,BR850 domestic electronic vaporizer and Zeus electronic vaporizer were used,respectively,and the concentration of sevoflurane inhaled was 2％.Sevoflurane was inhaled for 2 h in each group.The formula method and weighing method were used to calculate the consumption of sevoflurane in group M.The electronic calculation method and weighing method were used to calculate the consumption of sevoflurane in Z and E groups.The stable value of end-tidal sevoflurane concentration (ETCsev) and time for ETCsev reaching the stable value were recorded.ETCsev was recorded every 10 min after reaching the stable value (T1T12).Results Compared with group M,the consumption of sevoflurane (weighing method) was significantly reduced,and the time for ETCsev reaching the stable value was shortened in Z and E groups (P＜ 0.05).Compared with group Z,the consumption of sevoflurane (weighing method) was significantly increased (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in the time for ETCsev reaching the stable value in group E (P＞0.05).Compared with the consumption of sevoflurane (weighing method),no significant change was found in the consumption of sevoflurane (electronic method) in group Z (P＞0.05),and the consumption of sevoflurane (electronic method) was significantly increased in group E (P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the stable value of ETCsev between the three groups (P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in ETCsev between and within groups (P＞0.05).Conclusion The domestic electronic vaporizer achieves automatic and precise control of volatile concentrations of inhalation anesthetics and can be effectively used for sevoflurane anesthesia in rabbits.When compared with Zeus electronic vaporizer,the precision of the domestic electronic vaporizer needs further improvement,but the cost is obviously low,the compatibility is strong,and it has clinical application value.

Objective To understand the status of depression and anxiety in patients with chronic hepatitis B in Tianjin, and to analyze its influencing factors, so as to provide references for scientific psychological intervention and health education. Methods Chronic hepatitis B cases whose addresses were Tianjin were randomly selected from the report of infectious disease surveillance system from January 2018 to December 2019 as the study subjects. A certain number of healthy people living in Tianjin were selected as the control. A unified mental health questionnaire survey was conducted by telephone follow-up or face-to-face survey. The distribution characteristics of depression and anxiety were described, and influencing factors of depression and anxiety were analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results A total of 825 cases of chronic hepatitis B and 376 cases of healthy people were investigated. The crude SDS and SAS were (35.47±9.34) and (32.33±8.26), respectively, which were higher than those of healthy people ( P <0.05). The rates of depression and anxiety in chronic hepatitis B patients were 25.45% and 20.61%, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in healthy people (15.96% and 11.70%, respectively) (P < 0.001). The analysis of depression influencing factors showed that the OR of high average monthly income was 0.791 ( 95% CI：0.655～0.955 ), the OR of not knowing correct preventive measures was 1.509 (95% CI：1.084～2.102 ), and the OR of feeling discriminated was 1.650 ( 95% CI：1.166～2.335 ). The multifactor analysis of anxiety influencing factors showed that the OR of not knowing correct preventive measures was 1.490 ( 95% CI:1.049～2.117)), while the OR of feeling discriminated was 1.854 ( 95% CI: 1.289～2.666). Conclusion The levels of depression and anxiety of chronic hepatitis B patients were higher than that of general healthy people. Not knowing correct preventive measures and feeling discriminated in daily life were risk factors while high income was a protective factor.

【Objective】 To investigate the clinicopathological features and prognosis of clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma (CCPRCC). 【Methods】 The clinicopathological and follow-up data of 40 CCPRCC patients treated during Jun. 2011 and Oct.2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The prognosis was compared with that of 40 cases of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and 19 cases of papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC) treated in the same period. Survival analysis was performed by Log-rank test and Kaplan-Meier survival curves were plotted. 【Results】 Among the 40 patients, 28 were male and 12 were female, aged 31-84 years; 38 cases had unilateral and 2 cases had bilateral tumors; 3 cases had multifocal lesions. All patients received surgery. The maximum diameter of the masses ranged from 3.0 to 95.0 mm, with an average of (27.6±18.1) mm. Pathological grade was Fuhrman 1-2 in all cases. Immunohistochemical tests were positive for CK7 and CA-IX. During the follow-up of 5-129 (average 56) months, 1 case died after bone metastasis, 2 had ipsilateral recurrence, and 1 developed primary esophageal cancer. CCPRCC patients had a significantly better prognosis than CCRCC (P<0.001) and PRCC (P=0.005) patients, while there was no significant difference in the prognosis between CCRCC and PRCC patients (P=0.93). 【Conclusions】 CCPRCC has low malignancy. The diagnosis relies on characteristic pathological and immunohistochemical features. Surgery is an effective treatment. CCPRCC has a better overall prognosis than CCRCC and PRCC.