Objective To investigate the effect of different adjuvants and challengemethods on asthma mice′s lung inflammation . Methods BALB/c mice were sensitized with ovalbumin in aluminium hydroxide or alum adjuvant .After 7 days challenges ,choose the proper adjuvant with intranasal or atomized to prepare mice asthma model .Count and classify the white blood cells (WBC) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) ,observe the peribronchial and perivascular inflammation .Results Compare the WBC and eos-nophils in BALF ,the alum group are higher than aluminum hydroxide group(P<0 .05) ,5 and 7 days′atomized groups are highter than 3 days′intranasal group(P<0 .05) ,5 and 7 days′atomized groups have showed no significant difference (P>0 .05) .10 days after the last challenge ,the inflammation fade sharply ,and the corresponding result occured in the lung inflammation .Conclusion In establishing asthma model ,alum is better than aluminum hydroxide ,atomization is better than intranasal .Inflammation will fade after stop atomization a period of time .

Tumor cell plasticity, including epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and its reverse program, mesenchymal to epithe-lial transition (MET), regulates circulating tumor cells and carcinoma metastasis. Twist is overexpressed in rhabdomyosarcoma, breast cancer, gastric cancer, and other tumors. Twist, as a transcriptional factor, cross-talks with multiple signaling pathways, forming a com-plex network to participate in the regulation of EMT/MET in circulating tumor cells, which in turn promotes metastasis of tumor cells. Therefore, monitoring the level of Twist and epithelial–mesenchymal phenotypic molecules is important as it may be beneficial for in-creasing the detection ratio of circulating tumor cells as tumor biomarkers and for evaluating the effects of anticancer drugs.

AIM: In order to investigate the change of CD36 expression in atherosclerosis. METHODS: Chinese minipigs were fed a normal control diet (CD) or a high fat/high cholesterol diet (HFHC) for 12 months after common carotid artery injury induced by balloon denudation. Plasma total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglycerides (TG) were determined by commercially enzymatic methods. CD36 mRNA and protein levels were determined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blotting and immunohistochemistry, respectively. RESULTS: After HFHC for 12 months, plasma total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and triglyceride in HFHC minipigs were increased compared with the control. CD36 expression and aorta PPAR? in HFHC minipigs were upregulated. CONCLUSION: HFHC may induce hyper cholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia and upregulation of CD36 and aortic PPAR? expression.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the proliferation effects and apoptosis induction of cryptotanshinone on Hela cell line of cervical cancer.

METHODThe MTT assay was used to detect the growth inhibition rates of Hela cells at 24, 48, 72 h which cultured with cryptotanshinone in different concentrations. The cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were measured by flow cytometry. The protein expressions of E6, p53 and p21 were studied by Western blot.

RESULTThe different concentrations (0.5-16 mg x L(-1)) of cryptotanshinone had cytotoxicity on Hela cells, which were clearly dose and time-dependent. The IC50 of 24, 48, 72 h were 17.8, 8.17, 6.55 mg x L(-1), respectively. Cells were treated with cryptotanshinone which had significant effects on cell cycle of Hela cell, and induced apoptosis. Western blot showed cryptotanshinone decreased expressions of HPV E6 and increased expressions of p53 and p21 proteins.

CONCLUSIONCryptotanshinone had significant cytotoic and radiosensitization effects on cervical cancer Hela cells. One of the mechanism may be that it might make significant G0/G1 phase arrest and induced apoptosis, a decrease in S phase, and restore the function of p53 to induce apoptosis in Hela cells to kill the tumor cell.

Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Blotting, Western ; Cell Cycle ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Oncogene Proteins, Viral ; metabolism ; Phenanthrenes ; therapeutic use ; Repressor Proteins ; metabolism ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; metabolism ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; drug therapy

Objective To analyze the current problems on tumor‐targeting nanoparticle drug delivery system .Methods Recent researches of tumor‐targeting nanoparticle drug delivery system were collected ,read and summarized .Results Three research fields on tumor‐targeting nanoparticle drug delivery system were reviewed in this article .Conclusion Not only a deeper understanding of the human physiology and tumor biology ,but changes in strategies and experimental methods are needed to make new achievements on nanoparticle drug delivery system .

Objective To investigate the correlation between postmenopausal estrogen levels and diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods Two hundred cases of postmenopausal type 2 diabetes admitted to the Eighth Affiliated Hospital,Sun Yat-sen University from January 2015 to January 2017 were selected as the subjects and divided into the retinopathy group (93 cases) and the normal retina group (107 cases) according to the resuhs of fundus angiography.The general data of the two groups were compared,and the blood glucose index,blood lipid index and estrogen level were measured and compared.Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the related factors of the patients with retinopathy.Results (1) The disease duration of patients in the retinopathy group was longer than that in the normal retina group ((14.67 ±3.48) years vs.(10.20±2.85) years;t=9.983,P＜0.05).The fasting blood glucose (FBG),glycosylated hemoglobin of patients in the retinopathy group were higher than those in the normal retina group (FBG:(8.01 ± 1.21) mmol/L vs.(6.93 ± 1.20) mmol/L,FBG:(8.32 ± 1.56) mmol/L vs.(7.39 ± 1.43) mmol/L;t =6.324,4.397,P＜0.05).The total cholesterol (TC),triglyceride (TG) and low density lipoprotein (LDL-C) of patients in the retinopathy group were higher than those in the normal retina group [TC:(4.93±0.87) mmol/ Lvs.(4.23± 0.69) mmol/L,TG:(1.91 ± 0.42) mmol/L vs.(1.63 ± 0.32) mmol/L,LDL-C:(2.61 ± 0.90) mmol/L vs.(1.78±0.53) mmol/L;t =6.340,5.340,8.067,P＜0.05],while high density lipoprotein (HDL-C) was lower than that in the normal retina group ((1.23±0.37) mmol/L vs.(1.76±0.45) mmol/L;t =9.014,P ＜0.05).The E2 level in the retinopathy group was lower than that in the normal retina group ((23.91 + 8.51) ng/L vs.(32.18 + 9.80) ng/L;t=6.325,P＜0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that the duration of diabetes,FBG,HbAlc,TC,TG and LDL-C were risk factors of retinopathy (OR (95％ CI) =1.049 (1.011 ～ 1.056),1.071(1.061 ～ 1.093),1.092(0.984～ 1.275),1.099(1.661 ～ 1.993),1.863(1.661 ～ 1.993),1.652 (1.461 ～ 1.893),P＜ 0.05),while HDL-C and E2 were protective factors of retinopathy (OR (95 ％ CI) =0.172(0.061 ～ 0.293),0.955 (0.861 ～ 1.093),P＜0.0S).Conclusion Estrogen level is related to retinopathy in postmenopausal diabetic patients.It may be a protective factor for diabetic retinopathy.

OBJECTIVEAttempting to isolate and cultivate the microcytin-RR-producing cyanobacteria from natural blooms as well as to further investigate some characteristics of their growth and metabolite toxicity.

METHODSCapillary-pipette method was used to isolate wild Microcystis strains collected from eutrophicated lakes. The isolated strains were cultured in BG11 media at (25 ± 1) °C, under 2 000 lx illumination of fluorescent light with a light-dark rhythm of 12-12 h. The growth curve was observed by measuring optical density of culture suspension, toxin-related genes and the metabolite toxins were identified separately by PCR and HPLC, and its acute toxicity was carried out by orally administered toxins to Kunming (KM) mice.

RESULTSOne of five toxigenic strains from 198 collected samples was confirmed to be a MC-RR producing blue-green alga by existing two specific toxin-synthesized enzyme genes and showing specific chromatographic peak of the toxin compared with standard MC-RR through both PCR and HPLC methods. The toxic strain was classified as Microcystin aeruginosa by morphologic and phylogenetic tree analysis. The growth length of the strain lasted nearly 81 days with 55-60 days' exponential phase and the maximal concentration of 5.52 × 10⁷ cell/ml. The LD50 of the MC-RR to the KM mice ranged from 10.75 mg/kg to 13.45 mg/kg of body weight. As a result of the acute toxicity, the enzymatic indexes in serum such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were significantly higher than those in the control group. The levels of ALT, AST, ALP and LDH in the treated group at 45 min were (157.08 ± 20.38), (333.00 ± 68.53), (392.70 ± 89.59) and (1 071.13 ± 160.22) U/L respectively, and at 4 h were (514.68 ± 156.87), (593.15 ± 40.41), (618.55 ± 208.76) and (2 281.72 ± 866.67) U/L respectively, and meanwhile the values of ALT, AST, ALP and LDH in the control group were (40.30 ± 4.89), (142.70 ± 26.59), (56.90 ± 11.89) and (509.50 ± 94.75) U/L separately (t values at 45 min were -11.20, -5.77, -7.38, -6.60 respectively, and at 4 h were -6.04, -20.21, -5.35, -4.07 respectively, P values were all <0.01). The liver coefficient in the treated group at 45 min and 4 h were 6.855 ± 0.225 and 8.409 ± 0.276, significantly higher than that (5.784 ± 0.286) in the control group (t values were -3.96 and -12.22, P values were both <0.01). The histopathological changes of liver were hyperemia obviously.

CONCLUSIONIsolated from the bloom waters, a strain of Microcystis aeruginosa is obtained with characteristics of longer growth duration, positive microcystin synthetase genes, and dominant production of MC-RR. The LD50 of the extracted MC-RR administered by oral route to mice is (12.10 ± 1.35) mg/kg of body weight, and liver is the target organ of MC-RR. The existence and potential risk of MC-RR in China cannot be ignored.

Animals ; China ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Cyanobacteria ; Hyperemia ; Lakes ; Liver ; Mice ; Microcystins ; Microcystis ; Phylogeny