Firstly, the essay introduces the definition of bio-burden, the significance of determination of bio-burden and the specific performance requirements. Then, the essay introduces the method selection and validation on the bio-burden determination of surgical drapes, gowns and clean air suits.
Equipment Contamination ; Surgical Attire ; microbiology ; standards ; Surgical Drapes ; microbiology ; standards

Objective To study DNA damage induced by chlorinated drinking water by-product MX.Methods Hu-man hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2cells was selected as target cells to test the DNA damage induced by MX using single cell gel electrophoresis assay.In this study,the cells were treated with MX at final concentrations of10,30,100and300?mol/L.DMSO and hydrogen peroxide were administered as solvent control and positive control respectively.Results MX induced DNA single strand breaks at the concentrations of30,100and300?mol/L.The length of DNA migration induced by MX increased significantly in comparison with the solvent control(DMSO)in a dose-response manner.Conclusions Chlorinated by-product MX in drinking water could induce obvious DNA damage to human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2cells.

Objective Appraising the clinical curative effect on the lower extremity serious deep venous thrombosis through thrombolytic arterial catheterization.Methods With Seldinger's technique, placing catheter into popliteal artery through the contralateral healthy side femaral artery and then dripping the thrombolitic agents into the thrombotic popliteal artery. Results The cure rate reached 87% in the treatment group and for the controll group was 30%,( P

Objective To study the changes of platelet function in patients with hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy (HDCP). Methods Forty non-pregnant women, 40 normal late pregnant women and 50 women with HDCP were in cluded in this study. Platelet count were determined by cell-DYN, the platelet alphagranule membrane protein (GMP-140) by radio-immunoassay and thrombosis bla smixgenz (TXB_2) and ?tissue platelet protein (?-tg) by ELISA. Platelet aggregation rate (Pagt) and pletelet adhesion rate (PADT) were also measured. Results The platelet count in non-pregnant, late pregnant and HDCP group were (206?48)?109/L, (204?52)?109/L and (172?51)?109/L, respectively, and that in the HDCP group was significantly lower than the other two. The levels of GMP-140, TXB_2, ?-TG, PAdT and PAgT were (7.9?2.8) ?g/L, (73.6?40.8) ng/L, (16.3?9.5) ?g/L, (18?9)% and (28?10)% in the non-pregnant group, (12.2?3.8) ?g/L, (80.0?39.6) ?g/L, (18.5?9.8) ?g/L, (20?8)% and (29?10)% in the late pregnant group and (25.1?3.8) ?g/L, (107.6?32.8) ng/L, (23.9?9.2) ?g/L, (30?10)% and (40?12)% in the HDCP group. All the above values in the HDCP group were significantly higher than those in the other two groups (P

Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of paroxetine for epileptic patients following depression. Methods 156 epileptic patients were recruited. Patient Health Questionnaire 9-item Depression scale (PHQ-9) then the Hamilton Scale for Depression (HAMD)were the assessment tools. 31 patients, whose score of PHQ-9 more than 15 and HAMD more than 20 were selected. The monthly seizure frequency and depression severity were investigated before and 12 weeks after treatment with paroxetine, 20 mg/d. The side effects of paroxetine were also observed. Results 29 patients completed the observation. The total scores of the HAMD decreased 12 weeks after treatment (P<0.05). Dizziness was the most common adverse event during the first month of treatment. No seizure worsening was observed. Monthly seizure frequency did not change significantly. Conclusion Paroxetine is a safe and effective antidepressant for epileptic patients following depression.

Objective To assess the value of magnetic source imaging (MSI) in localizing the linguistic center of auditory function of epileptic patients before operation. Methods Epileptic focus and the linguistic center of auditory function in 24 patients were localized with MSI before operation. And the relationship between epileptic focus and auditory language area was observed. Results The linguistic center of auditory function was localized in left temporal lobe in 14 patients, in right temporal lobe in 5 patients and in bilaterial temporal lobe in 5 patients. Epileptic focus was localized in left temporal lobe in 14 patients, in left temporal lobe and left parietal lobe in 1 patient, in right temporal lobe in 4 patients, in right temporal lobe and parietal lobe in 1 patient, in left frontal lobe and left temporal lobe in 1 patient, in right frontal lobe, right temporal lobe and parietal lobe in 1 patient, and in bilaterial temporal lobe in 2 patients. Epileptic focus was superimposed with the linguistic center of auditory function in 10 patients, while was not superimposed with the linguistic center of auditory function in 10 patients. The epileptic focus was localized in front of the linguistic center of auditory function in 3 patients, in behind of the linguistic center of auditory function in 1 patient. The lesion of the patient suffered from dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor was not excised completely because the epileptic focus was superimposed with the linguistic center of auditory function, and the patient appeared language functional disturbance after operation in short period, remaining auditory hallucination occasionally after operation. Conclusion Epileptic focus and the linguistic center of auditory function can be localized accurately and the relationship between them can be observed clearly with MSI. MSI is useful to reduce the occurrence of language disturbance after operation.

Objective To effectually record cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) procedure, analyze and compare the CPR performance of all medical and nursing staffs to find out the existed information for the improvement of the quality of CPR and its survival rate. Methods The medical data were collected according to the Utstein Criteria and CPR event was automatically recorded by a digital video-recording system, by which hands-off times within 10 minutes of CPR and times for installation of chest compression machine, establishment of endotracheal intubation and establishment of the venous channel were analyzed. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to analyze the factors affecting CPR effect. Results ① During the period from December 2009 to December 2015, a total of 376 patients with cardiac arrest (CA) was registered, including 248 males and 128 females, with a median age of 68 (53, 78) years. Estimated median time interval from CA to CPR initiation was 5.0 (0.1, 20.0) minutes and there were 189 cases less than or equal to 5 minutes. The acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with 145 cases (38.6%) was the main etiology of CA. Initial shockable rhythm was found in 16 patients (7.0%) out of 230 out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients, of whom 13 underwent ventricular fibrillation (5.7%), 3 underwent ventricular tachycardia (1.3%). Initial shockable rhythm was found in 47 patients (32.2%) out of 146 in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) patients, of whom 40 underwent ventricular fibrillation (27.4%), and 7 underwent ventricular tachycardia (4.8%). CPR by a mechanical device (Thumper) was performed in 219 patients (58.2%). In 376 patients, 186 patients had return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC, 49.5%), a successful CPR (ROSC ≥ 24 hours) was found in 110 patients (29.3%), 99 patients was hospitalized alive (26.3%) and 40 patients were discharged alive (10.6%). In 146 cases of IHCA, 89 patients had ROSC (61.0%), a successful CPR was found in 63 patients (43.2%), 56 patients were hospitalized alive (38.4%), and 29 patients were discharged alive (19.9%). In 230 patients of OHCA, 89 patients had ROSC (38.7%), 65 patients received pre-hospital CPR (28.3%), a successful CPR was found in 47 patients (20.4%), 43 patients were hospitalized alive (18.7%), and 11 patients were discharged alive (4.8%). There were 37 patients had a successful CPR (69.8%), and 25 patients were discharged alive (47.2%) in 53 patients with ventricular fibrillation. ② There were 77 patients with valid video information for analysis of CPR performance, with 48 patients of OHCA, and 29 patients of IHCA. Delay median time from the patients presence in the resuscitation room to be placed in rescue bed was 22 (0, 33) seconds. Hands-off median times during 10 minutes of CPR was 41 (18, 90) seconds. Thumper installment median times was 43 (31, 69) seconds. Median time for endotracheal intubation was 59 (35, 109) seconds. Median time of venous catheter placement was 112 (70, 165) seconds. It was shown by multivariate regression analysis that there was a significant correlation between estimated time interval from CA to CPR performed, hands-off time and success rate of CPR (t1 = -3.452, t2 = -2.729), rate of discharge alive (t1 = -2.328, t2 = -2.736, all P < 0.05). In 48 OHCA patients, success rate of CPR was significantly correlated with estimated time interval from collapse to CPR performed (t = -2.409, P = 0.021). In 29 IHCA patients, success rate of CPR and rate of discharge alive was significantly correlated with hands-off times (t1 = -3.412, t2 = -2.536, both P < 0.05). Conclusions Survival to hospital discharge following CA is significantly correlated with the time interval from collapse to CPR performed and hands-off times in CPR. Installment and usage of Thumper should be postponed in order to reduce hands-off times during CPR in IHCA.

Objective To compare the effect of different concentrations of ropivacaine in epidural analgesia of childbirth.Methods According to the digital table,300 cases of our hospital childbirth puerpera were randomly divided into A,B,C three groups.A group was given 0.125％ ropivacaine compound fentanyl analgesia,B group was given 0.1％ ropivacaine compound fentanyl analgesia,group C was not required analgesia childbirth.The childbirth of three groups was observed.Results In group A,the labor time was (261.38 ± 19.87) min,postpartum 2h blood loss was (241.03 ± 34.57) mL.In group B,the labor time was (260.09 ± 19.69) mnin,postpartum 2h blood loss was (238.66 ± 35.01) mL.In group C,the labor time was (270.46 ± 20.86) min,postpartum 2h blood loss was (251.75 ± 36.79) mL.Statistical analysis showed that there was no significant difference (t =0.472,1.035 ; all P ＞ 0.05).In group A,the fetal heart rate was (142.34 ±21.57)times/min,neonatal Apgar score was (9.77 ± 0.21),and umbilical artery blood pH value was (7.27 ± 0.06).In group B,fetal heart rate was (145.21 ± 21.49) times/min,neonatal Apgar score was (9.79 ± 0.20),and umbilical artery blood pH value was (7.26 ± 0.08) ; Fetal heart rate of group C was (143.78 ±22.01)times/min,neonatal Apgar score was (9.64 ±0.24),and umbilical artery blood pH value was (7.28 ± 0.07).The differences among three groups were not statistically significant (t =0.763,0.360,0.114,all P＞ 0.05).Analgesic effect time of group A was (12.13 ± 1.76) min,pain score was (1.03 ±0.46) points,analgesic harem duration was (22.39 ± 3.21) s,analgesic harem time interval was (3.26 ± 1.49) min,the cesareandelivery rate was 8.00％.In group B,the analgesic effect time was (12.04 ± 1.69mnin),pain score was (1.01 ± 0.52) points,analgesic harem duration was (21.04 ± 3.18) s,analgesic harem time interval was (3.4.9 ±1.51)min,the cesarean delivery rate was 9.00％ ; Duration of the analgesic effect of group C was (16.77 ±16.77) min,pain score was (3.76 ± 1.23) points,analgesic harem duration was (26.98 ± 5.87) s,analgesic harem time interval was (2.65 ± 0.75) min,the cesarean delivery rate was 48.00％.The differences between groups were statistically significant (chi square or t =6.148,8.522,5.749,4.095,61.316 ;P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Application of 0.1％ ropivacaine compound fentanyl anesthesia can effectively relieve patients'pain,shorten labor and reduce postpartum 2h blood loss,impact less on contractions at the same time,reduce the incidence of cesarean delivery,has no influence on the neonate,which is worth popularization and application in clinic.

AIM:To elucidate the correlation between the expression of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1)/ATP-binding cassette subfaminly G member 2 ( ABCG2 ) and microvessel density ( MVD ) in epithelial ovarian cancer ( EOC) .METHODS:In 198 specimens of EOC and 60 specimens of ovarian benign epithelial tumor tissues , the protein expression of ALDH1/ABCG2 and CD105 ( microvessel marker ) was detected by immunohistochemical staining .RE-SULTS:The positive rates of ALDH1 and ABCG2 in the EOC were 64.1%and 61.6%, respectively , while the positive rates in benign epithelial tumor tissues were 8.3%and 6.7%, respectively , and there were significant differences between them (P<0.05).In EOC and benign epithelial tumor tissues , the MVD were 22.6 ±9.7 and 5.03 ±3.35, respectively, and the difference was also significant (P<0.05).The expression of ALDH1 and ABCG2 in EOC was significantly related to differentiation, FIGO stage,and abdominal organ and lymph node metastasis (P<0.05).MVD had correlation with dif-ferentiation, FIGO stage, ascite, and abdominal organ and lymph node metastasis (P<0.05).MVD had positive correla-tion with the expression of ALDH1 and ABCG2 (P<0.01).There was also a positive correlation between the expression of ALDH1 and ABCG2 ( P<0.01) .Over-expression of ALDH1/ABCG2 and MVD≥23 were related to the poor prognosis . The survival rates in ALDH1/ABCG2 positive and MVD≥23 groups were significantly lower than those in ALDH 1/ABCG2 negative and MVD<23 groups (P<0.05).The FIGO stage, the expression of ALDH1/ABCG2 and MVD were indepen-dent prognosis factors of EOC ( P<0.05 ) .CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the expression of ALDH 1/ABCG2 and MVD in EOC are related to differentiation , lymph node metastasis , clinical stage and prognosis .Combined detection of these indexes may play an important role in predicting the progression and prognosis of EOC .

Objective: Through treatment based on differentiation of symptoms and signs and classification of defi nited patients of maternofetal blood group incompatibility, detecting anti-A or Anti-B antibody and erythrocyte immune complex chaplet rate(RICR) and erythrocyte receptor chaplet rate(RC3bR) , etc, to observe the therapeutic effect and mechanism of prescriptions mainly with Yinchenhao Decoction. Methods: Patients definited maternofetal blood group incompatibility were divided into control group and observation group according to random principle in 1:3 ratio. Then, observation group was divided into moist heat group(SRG), moist heat and defi ciency of spleen qi group (SR+PQXG) and moist heat and defi ciency of kidney qi group(SR+SQXG) according to syndrome differentiation. Corresponding prescriptions were used, every 30 doses 1 course. Before and after treatment, the anti-A or anti-B antibody and RICR, RC3bR were detected in peripheral blood. Results: In Yinchenhao Decoction group with 21 cases, the anti-A or anti anti-B antibody decreased, including 5 case (1:64) and 4 case (1:32). In group of syndrome differentiation with 63 cases, the anti-A or anti anti-B antibody decreased, including 33 case(1:64) and 20 case (1:32). Before and after treatment, RICR of control group and observation group were(19.43?5.29), (19.57?6.50)and (20.59? 7.96), (23.77?5.12), respectively. RC3bR were(11.62?4.16), (12.42?6.60)and(11.93?4.10), (13.96?6.40)respectively. There was signifi cant difference of before and after treatment in obserbation group(P0.05). Conclusion: In cutting down anti-A and anti-B antibody, and increasing RICR and RC3bR fi eld, the observation groups were better than control group.