The effects of Saussurea Flavone Glycoside A1(SFG) on CNS were studied by observing autonomous activity, cortical electric activity, and determing learning ability in mouse.Results showed that mouse autonomous activity decreased obviously (P

Background:Irritable bowel syndrome( IBS ) is one of the most common functional gastrointestinal disorders. Analyzing the regional differences of symptomatic profiles may provide guidance for the diagnosis and treatment of IBS. Aims:To preliminarily investigate the symptomatic characteristics of IBS patients in Fujian province,China for the reference of diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Methods:A total of 703 IBS out-patients based on the RomeⅢcriteria and presented to the gastroenterological clinic of 15 tertiary hospitals in Fujian Province,China from Jun. 2011 to Apr. 2012 were enrolled in a face-to-face survey. The questionnaire mainly included demographic data,course of the disease, and clinical symptoms. Results:In 703 IBS patients,the ratio of male to female was 1:1. 3,and the peak of age was 35-45 years(32. 4%). More than half of the patients were diarrhea-predominant IBS(IBS-D,58. 2%),while constipation-predominant IBS( IBS-C)accounted for 22. 6% of the patients. Abdominal pain/discomfort,abdominal distention and abnormal defecation,including diarrhea,constipation,feeling of incomplete defecation and mucous stool were the most important lower GI symptoms. In the four subtypes of IBS,the symptoms of mixed IBS( IBS-M)were most serious( P<0. 05). Compared with IBS-C,abdominal pain was more severe in IBS-D and IBS-M(P<0. 05),however,abdominal distention was more severe in IBS-C than in IBS-D(P<0. 05). About one third of the patients(32. 9%)were overlapped with upper GI symptoms,and the most common upper GI symptoms were postprandial fullness and eructation. Sixty-eight (9. 7%)patients were overlapped with functional dyspepsia. Conclusions:In Fujian Province,China,more than half of the IBS patients were IBS-D. The symptomatic profiles are different between different subtypes of IBS. Some of the IBS patients may be overlapped with upper GI symptoms or functional dyspepsia.

Objective To discuss the effective nursing method of severe erythema multiforma exudativum children patients complicated with bronchopneumonia.Methods Two cases of erythema multiforma exudativum were reviewed,and the nursing methods were summarized,including protective isolation,care of wound surface,care of intravenous infusions,psychological care,oral care,eyes care,perineal care,care of fever,and discharge instructions.Results Two children patients were both cured.Conclusions For severe erythema multiforma exudativum children patients complicated with bronchopneumonia,proper nursing method and careful observation can decrease the complications and help patients to cure quickly.

Objective:To investigate the effect and the mechanism of electroacupuncture(EA)on corpus striatum white matter injury in rats with focal cerebral ischemia(FCI).Methods:Forty-four specific-pathogen-free Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into a normal group(n=10),a sham-operation group(sham group,n=10),and a modeling group(n=24)using the random number table method.The normal group was a blank control.In the sham group,only the vessels and vagus nerve were isolated without embolization.The FCI rat model in the modeling group was replicated using the middle cerebral artery occlusion embolization method.The 20 successfully modeled rats were randomly divided into a model group and an EA group,with 10 rats in each group.Rats in the model group did not receive further treatment.Rats in the EA group received EA stimulation at Baihui(GV20)and the left Zusanli(ST36)24 h after the successful modeling,30 min each time,once a day for 14 d.On the 14th day of the experiment,rats in each group were scored for neurological deficits and then sacrificed,and brain tissues containing corpus striatum around the ischemic focus were paraffin-embedded from 5 rats in each group.Luxol fast blue(LFB)staining was used to detect damage changes in the white matter.The positive immunoreactive expression of myelin basic protein(MBP),myelin-associated growth inhibitor A(Nogo-A)and its receptor(NgR)in rat corpus striatum tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry staining,and then the protein expression of MBP,Nogo-A,and NgR in the corpus striatum tissue around the ischemic focus was determined by Western blotting.Results:Compared with the normal group and the sham group,the model group had a significantly higher neurological deficit score(P＜0.05)and fiber bundle injuries in the corpus striatum white matter,evidenced by a significantly lower mean optical density value of corpus striatum LFB staining(P＜0.05),a significantly lower MBP expression level(P＜0.05),and significantly higher Nogo-A and NgR protein expression levels(P＜0.05).Compared with the model group,the neurological deficit score was significantly lower(P＜0.05),the mean optical density value of LFB staining was significantly higher(P＜0.05),the MBP expression level was increased(P＜0.05),and the expression levels of Nogo-A and NgR proteins were decreased(P＜0.05)in the EA group.Conclusion:EA reduces the ischemia-induced corpus striatum white matter injury and improves neurological deficits.The mechanism may be related to the inhibition of Nogo-A/NgR activation.

Objective To establish HPLC determination method and impurity profile of the related substances in metronidazole.Methods A Welch Ultimate(R)XB-C1s (4.6 mm× 250 mm,5 μm)was used with a mobile phase consisting of methanol-1.36 g· L-1 solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (20∶ 80).The detection wavelength was 315 nm and the flow rate was 1 mL· min-1.Its related substances were determined by principal component self-contrast method.Results Good separation of metronidazole and the impurities could be achieved.Twenty batches of samples in the past six years were determined which meet quality standards.The study of impurity profiles could effectively monitor the synthetic process and the change of impurities in metronidazole.Conclusion The method is simple,quick and sensitive,which can be used to control the related substances in metronidazole.Meanwhile,the impurity profiles ensure the quality stability of metronidazole.

ObjectiveTo explore the clinic symptom and the characteristics of video,tightly close,intracranial electroencephalogram (EEG) of patients with central region diastematia epilepsy. Methods Retrospective analysis of 9 patients with central region diastematia epilepsy admitted from June,2007 to August,2009.The characteristics of all patients' seizure symptom and EEG manifestation were analyzed using patients' medical history,video and EEG records.ResultsPatients with central region diastematia epilepsy had relatively long sezure history.The duration of seizure was commonly short,with frequent episode and no obvious intelligence impairment.The seizure was often accompanied with the hyperkinesia in the lower limbs.Scalp EEG showed discharges with low amplitude waves in the mean line area.The superhigh amplitude and regular rhythm slow sharp wave could be found in the diastematia cortex EEG.All patients had an Engel Class Ⅰ outcome after surgery.ConclusionThe seizure symptoms are characteristic in the patients with central region diastematia epilepsy,and some special manifestations can be found in different phase,wave amplitude,rhythm,lead array.

Objective To investigate the value of serum D-dimer in evaluating the severity and the prognosis of patients with acute spontaneous subrachnoid hemorrhage.Methods The clinical data of 157 patients with acute spontaneous subrachnoid hemorrhage were collected,and the level of D-dimer in elbow vein serum were measured.The severity of the disease was judged by Hunt-Hess classification,and the patients,brain CT scans were scored according to the modified Fisher scale.The patients were followed up for 3 months.Based on the modified RANKIN scale (mRS scale),patients were divided into unfavorable prognosis group (3≤ mRS ≤5) and good prognosis control group (1 ≤ mRS ≤2).Results In the 157 cases of spontaneous subrachnoid hemorrhage patients,there were 45 cases in the unfavorable prognosis group and 112 cases in the good prognosis control group.The level of D-dimer in the unfavorable prognosis group was significantly higher than the level of control group and there were significant differences between them (P ＜ 0.01).By the Spearman correlation analysis,the level of D-dimer was positively correlated with Hunt-Hess score (r =0.831,P ＜0.01),and it was also positively correlated with unfavourable prognosis mRS scale (r =0.834,P ＜0.01).Furthermore,regression analysis showed that high level of D-dimer was an independent risk factor for the poor prognosis of patients (OR =1.011,95％ CI:1.007-1.016,P ＜ 0.01).Through the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis of the D-dimer in patients with poor prognosis,the area under ROC curve was 0.964 (95％ CI:0.93-0.98,P ＜ 0.01),sensitivity and specificity were 88.9％ and 99.1％,respectively.The cut-off point of D-dimer content was 739 μg/L.Conclusions The level of D-dimer in patients with acute spontaneous subrachnoid hemorrhage was closely related to the severity of the diseases,and high level of D-dimer was an independent risk factor for the prognosis of patients.

The nursing students of Grade 2009 to Grade 2016 were selected.Their skills,midterm,usual and final performances as well as comprehensive scores of normal human morphology course were analyzed by one-way ANOVA in combination with different stages of curriculum integration in order to compare the teaching effect between traditional teaching mode + evaluation system and mixed teaching mode + formative evaluation in the course of normal human morphology.Statistical analysis by SPSS 17.0 showed that the average score of formation stage (traditional teaching mode) was 67.55 ± 12.72,the average score of integration stage (mixed teaching mode) was 72.79 ± 10.93 and the average score of development stage (formative evaluation +mixed teaching mode) was 83.94 ± 9.58.After making comparisons,the P values of ANOVA of the course of normal human body morphology in all stages were all less than 0.001,having statistical significance.The results showed that the overall development of the curriculum is becoming mature and the new teaching model can help students who usually do not like to review.

Objective To evaluate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) in Chinese children and adolescents to provide scientific basis for early prevention of MS in the related populations.Methods Studies on CNKI,Wanfangdata,VIP and PubMed databases on related prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Chinese children and adolescents between 2004-2014 were searched.Quality of literatures was evaluated according to the cross-sectional study standard in Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement.Stata 12.0 software was used to estimate the prevalence of MS,as well as on gender,weight and other factors to make subgroup analysis.According to funnel plot and Egger assess publication bias,sensitivity analysis performed by excluding the impact of any article was generated by the combined effect of the value of literature.Results This study included 19 papers from the literature (5 in English,14 in Chinese).According to International Diabetes Federation (IDF),National Cholesterol Education Program Ⅲ (NCEP Ⅲ) and The definition and prevention recommends of metabolic syndrome in Chinese children and adolescents (CHN2012),the prevalence rates of MS in Chinese children were seen as 1.8％,2.6％ and 2.0％.According to IDF,the prevalence rates of MS appeared 2.9％ in boys and 1.8％ in girls,0.2％ in children with normal weight,4.7％ in overweight and 17.3％ in obesity.Both the results from NCEP Ⅲ and CHN2012 showed that the prevalence rates of MS as boys＞girls,obesity＞overweight＞normal weight.Conclusion Prevalence of MS in Chinese children and adolescents showed a general trend.Data under different standards showed different prevalence rates.Obesity appeared an important risk factor of MS,suggesting that in order to control obesity in children,attention should be paid to identifying and carrying out effective interventions on children under overweight or obesity.

Objective: To explore the relationship between the muscle mass index (MMI) and the aggregation of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) in children and adolescents, and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases in children and adolescents. Methods: The current situation study design was adopted, and 1 622 children and adolescents aged 12-17 years old in Yinchuan City were selected by a cluster random sampling method. All subjects were subjected to questionnaire survey, physical examination, body composition determination and laboratory index testing. Results: When other variables were not adjusted, MMI was a risk factor for the aggregation of cardiovascular risk factors ( P <0.01). After adjusting for age, gender and BMI, MMI became a protective factor for CVRFs≥1 ( OR =0.74, 95% CI =0.62-0.89), compared with insufficient MMI, the risk of developing CVRFs≥1 with good MMI and sufficient MMI was 0.60(95% CI =0.46-0.79), 0.56(95% CI =0.37- 0.85 ) times. The risk of CVRFs≥2 was 0.54(95% CI =0.37-0.79), 0.51(95% CI =0.30-0.87) times, and similar results were found in boys ( P <0.05). Conclusion Under the same BMI level, muscle mass index is a protective factor for cardiovascular risk factor aggregation in children and adolescents. Physical exercise of children and adolescents should be emphasized to maintain the best muscle mass and weight.