OBJECTIVE To establish secretory otitis media(SOM) model induced by endotoxin and evaluate its reliability. METHODS Healthy 50 Sprague-Dawley rats of either sex( 250-300g)were randomly divided into experimental group(ET group) and control group(NS group),with 30 and 20 rats respectively. 35ul volume of 1mg/ml endotoxin from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and same amount of saline(NS) were transbullaly injected into the right tympanic bullas of the two groups. Six rats of ET group and four rats of NS group were killed postoperative on 6h,1d,3d,7d,14d respectively. The temporal bones were harvested for histological study. The left tympanic bullas served as control. Another four rats(each group 2 rats) were used for SEM study with the same method. One rat was killed and harvested for SEM observation of mucocilliary transporting system on the tympanic ostium of Eustachian tube. RESULTS ①LM(light microscope):The epithelial layer and subepithelial space(SES) were thicked mildly in ET group at 6 hours,and more heavily at 1 day with inflammatory cells infiltration (mostly polymorphonuclear leukocytes,PMNs). At 3 days,the same changes were observed most severely. By 14 days,the mucosal lining returned to normal. No obvious changes were observed in the NS group. ②SEM(scan electrical microscope):In ET group,the impairment of mucociliary transport system such as lodging,shedding of cilias were observed at 3 days and returned to normal at 14 days. No abnormal changes were observed in NS group. CONCLUSION Endotoxin can induce SOM with inflammatory changes peak at day 3 and return to normal by day 14.

Objective To discuss the effect of two different warming methods on the circulation of free flaps during operation and seek for an optimal warming method which is benificial for the circulation of free flaps, and thus provide clinical evidences for intraoperative care. Methods A total of 96 patients undergoing free flap transplantation were divided into routine warming group and diversification warming group randomly (n=48 each). In routine warming group, temperature in the operating room was set at routine temperature and flaps were douched by routine heated saline. In diversification warming group, the temperature in the operation room, fluids used for washing wounds and flaps were warmed, fluids for intravenous application were pre-warmed by a fluid warmer, in addition, the operation table where patients were lying on was covered with warmer blanket. The influence of two different warming methods on the circulation of free flaps was observed. Results The scores of flap elasticity and capillary refill time in routine warming group were 2.02 ± 0.79 and 2.04 ± 0.81, respectively, vs. 2.50 ± 0.61 and 2.48 ± 0.6 in diversification warming group, showing diversification warming group was statistically better than routine warming group (Z=1.949, 3.872, P<0.05). In addition, the flap survival rate in routine warming group was 81.2%(39/48) vs. 95.8%(46/48) in diversification warming group, showing significantly better results in diversification warming group (χ2=4.02, P < 0.05). Conclusions The diversification warm keeping method can effectively promote the circulation and survival of flaps, improve clinical prognosis, accelerate postoperative rehabilitation, therefore is worthy of being recommanded its clinical application.

Objective To explore the therapeutic efficacy and operation experience of Prolene Hernia System (PHS) in the tension-free repair operation of inguinal saddle hernia. Methods All 41 cases using PHS were selected as the subjects of this study and the results were analyzed. Results All patients were performed operation under the local anesthesia, and lasted from 25 min to 60 min. They had been keeping in ward for observation from 24 h to 72 h. No serotal swelling, hematoma, and incisional wound infection hap-pened after the operation. The follow-up time had been lasting from 6 months to 42 months, and none of pa-tients catehed a relapse or had the sensation of the foreign bodies. Conclusions Using PHS is safe and ef-fective in the tension-free repair operation, and it is more suited to inguinal saddle hernia. The key of opera-tion success is attaching importance to operation skills.

Aim To investigate the effect that catalpol intervenes macrophage polarization mediated by mouse mesangial cells(MMCs) stimulated by advanced glycation end products(AGEs).Methods RAW264.7 macrophages and MMCs were co-cultured in vitro and divided into model group(100 mg·L-1 AGEs), control group(100 mg·L-1 BSA), catalpol(0.1, 1.0, 10.0 μmol·L-1) group, and aminoguanidine(1.0 μmol·L-1) group which was set as positive control.After being incubated with catalpol for 1 h, MMCs were stimulated by AGEs for 23 h.The proliferation-inhibition rate of MMCs was measured by MTT assay.MCP-1 in supernatant liquid of MMCs was detected by ELISA method.The expression of iNOS, CD16/32, TNF-α, COX-2, CD206 and Arg-1 was detected by Western blot.Simultaneously, the percentage of iNOS and CD206 was also measured by flow cytometry.Results AGEs could increase the level of MCP-1 secreted by MMCs.The expression of iNOS, TNF-α, CD16/32 and COX-2 protein of macrophage was up-regulated after MMCs stimulated by AGEs, while the expression of CD206 and Arg-1 was down-regulated.After being intervened by catalpol, these effects could be reversed.All the changes were concentration-related.Conclusions Catalpol can inhibit macrophages M1-type polarization process and promote M2-type polarization, which may be mediated through MCP-1 secreted by MMCs after AGEs stimulation.Catalpol can ameliorate inflammation and relieve diabetic kidney injury.

Objective To investigate the influence of endorectal balloon on normal tissue dosimetry in prostate cancer patients treated with intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). Methods Ten patients with prostate cancer were included and each had two sets of planning CT-scans:one with and one without an air-filled endorectal balloon. Target volumes and organs at risk ( rectum, bladder,femoral heads)were contoured on the 20 CT scans and IMRT plannings were performed. The prescription dose was 78 Gy to 95％ of planning target volume. The percentage of volume of organs at risk ( without or with endorectal balloon) receiving more than 10 Gy, 20 Gy, 30 Gy, 40 Gy, 50 Gy, 60 Gy, 70 Gy and 75 Cy (V10 - V70 ,in increments of 10 Gy, and V75 ) were analyzed. Results The V1o - V60 0f rectum with endorectal balloon were 75. 5％ , 52. 6％ , 35. 3％ , 26. 1％, 19. 6％ , 14. 2％ , and those without endorectal balloon were 82. 2％ , 62. 8％ , 43. 9％ , 31. 4％ , 24. 0％ , 17. 1％ , respectively ( X2 = g. 46, P< 0. 01 ). Use of endorectal balloon significantly reduced the dose to the rectum ( v10 - V60 ) . The V70 and V75 of rectum with endorectal balloon were 9. 1％ and 8. 2％; and those without endorectal balloon were 9. 9％ and 6. 2％ respectively ( X2 = 1. 82,P＞0. 05) . The difference was not significant. There were no significant differences in the dose to bladder,left and right femoral head between patients with and without endorectal balloon.Conclusions Endorectal balloon can significantly decrease the medium and low dose volume of rectum for prostate cancer patients treated with IMRT, which may reduce the rectal toxicity.

Objective To observe the efficacy of antithrombotic treatment of acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients with failure primary percutaneous coronary intervention because of high thrombus burden,and its effect on elective percutaneous coronary intervention.Methods Eight acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients were enrolled,who suffered from failure of primary percutaneous coronary intervention because of high thrombus burden.Summarize the antithrombotic strategies in perioperative and postoperative period,the operative strategies and the follow-up coronary intervention were recorded and reviewed.Results All the patients were male and most of them had acute inferior myocardial infarction with right coronary occluded because of high thrombus burden.Four patients received thrombus aspiration and balloon dilation.One patient received thrombus aspiration and the other three patients did not receive coronary intervention.Tirofiban were given in perioperative period to all the patients.Low molecular weight heparin was given to 6 patients.Dual antiplatelet therapy was given to 6 patients (aspirin 100 mg/day plus clopidogrel 75 mg/day) and 1 patient required up-titration of aspirin to 200 mg/day.Coronary angiography were repeated (29.00 ± 23.25) days later,and the thrombus in the culprit vessels disappeared in two patients,and coronary stent implantation was performed in three patients.Conclusions The routine antithrombotic strategies play limited roles in thrombus clearance in acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction patients with failure primary percutaneous coronary intervention because of high thrombus burden.The time for the thrombus to be totally organized and the timing of elective percutaneous coronary intervention are still uncertain and need to be further studied.

Objective To investigate the association between APOBEC3G mRNA levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs)of HIV/AIDS patients and disease progression in Henan province.Methods Real-time PCR was used to detect the mRNA levels of APOBEC3G in PBMCs of HIV/AIDS patients at difierent disease progression stage.Flow cytometry and automated viral load analyzer were used to count CD4+ T cells and plasma HIV viral loads.Results The mRNA levels of APOBEC3G in HIV/AIDS patients were lower than in HIV-negative controls(t=4.887,P＜0.01),and APOBEC3G levels were significantly higher in slow development group than those in HIV and AIDS groups(P＜0.05).The levels of APOBEC3G mRNA correlated positively with CD4+ T cell counts(R2=0.190,P=0.002)and negatively with HIV-1 viral loads(R2=0.094.P=0.038).Conclusions The APOBEC3G mRNA levels in PBMC of HIV infected individuals are associated with HIV disease pmgression. Higher mRNA expression levels of APOBEC3G may be one of the protective factors which can play important role in delaying disease progression.

Objective To study the B lymphocytes counts and the expression of TLR9 mRNA on B lymphocytes in peripheral blood from Chinese HIV-infected patients.Methods The cells from peripheral blood were stained with antibodies labeled with fluorescence and B lymphocytes were counted with flow cytometry.Using the method of magnetic activated cell sorting and real-time PCR,the expression of TLR9 mRNA was measured.Results The B lymphocytes counts in HIV/AIDS patients was significantly lower than that of healthy controls(P ＜0.01).The B lymphocytes counts in HIV/AIDS patients positively correlated with the CD4 +T cells counts(r =0.534,P = 0.006).The expression of TLR9 mRNA on B lymphocytes in HIV/AIDS patients was significantly lower than that of healthy controls(P =0.023),and positively correlated with the CD4 + T cells counts(r = 0.390,P = 0.040).Conclusion The B lymphocytes counts and the expression of TLR9 mRNA on B lymphocytes in Chinese HIV/AIDS patients were decreased due to HIV infection,which may correlate with disease progression.

OBJECTIVETo explore the correlation of pulmonary expressions of fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFR1-4) with lung fibrosis and aging.

METHODSReal-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect the expression levels of FGFR1-4 in the lung tissues, and lung fibrosis was observed by HE and Masson staining in mice at different ages.

RESULTSThe 4 subtypes of FGFR showed different expression levels in the lung tissues of mice, and FGFR2 had the highest expressions. The expression levels of all the 4 FGFR subtypes in 8-month-old mice were significantly lower than those in 5-week-old mice. The 8-month-old mice tended to present with histological changes of lung fibrosis.

CONCLUSIONFGFR expressions is down-regulated with aging in mice. Among the FGFR subtypes, FGFR2 is expressed at the highest level. The occurrence of lung fibrosis with aging is probably associated with down-regulated FGFR expression. FGF/FGFR signaling may participate in the aging process and regulation of lung fibrosis.

Aging ; physiology ; Animals ; Lung ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Pulmonary Fibrosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor ; classification ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction

Objective To study the value of image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT) in lung cancer. Methods From Mar. 2007 to Dec. 2007,58 patients with lung cancer were treated with IGRT. Set-up er-rors in each axial direction was calculated based on IGRT images of each patient. The change of GTV was e-valuated on both cone-beam CT and CT simulator images. Results Twenty-two patients with left lung cane-er,30 with right lung cancer,5 with mediastinal lymphanode metastasis and one with vertebra metastasis were included. The set-up error in x,y and z axes was (0.02±0.26) cm, (0.14±0.49) cm and ( -0. 13± 0.27) cm, respectively,while the rotary set-up error in each axis was -0.15°± 1.59°, -0.01°± 1.50° and 0.12°±1.08°, respectively. The set-up errors were siguifieantly decreased by using of IGRT. GTV movement was observed in 15 patients (25.9%) ,including 5 with left upper lung cancer. GTV moving to the anterior direction was observed in 9 patients,including 4 with]eft upper lung cancer. GTV reduced in 23 (44.2%) patients during treatment. Asymmetric GTV reduction of 22 lesions was observed,with a mean re-ductive volume of 4.9 cm3. When GTV began to shrink,the irradiation dose was 4 -46 Gy,with 20 -30 Gy in 9 patients. Conclusions The use of IGRT can significantly reduce set-up errors. GTV movement and reduction are observed in some cases. The time to modify the target volume needs to be further studied.