Objective To observe the alteration of bone metabolism and to study the pathogenesis of osteoporosis and factors in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD). Methods The biochemical markers of bone metabolism, bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine and the right femur, parameters of calcaneal quantitative ultrasound(QUS), blood partial pressure and pulmonary functions in 39 male patients with COPD and 30 controls were measured. Results The broadband ultrasonic attenuation (BUA) and the speed of sound (SOS), BMD of the lumbar spines and the femur were significantly lower than that in control group. The biochemical markers of bone metabolism such as HOP/Cr, Ca/Cr, and PTH in the COPD group was significantly raised than that in control group〔(60 2?7 0)dB/MHz vs (66 5?4 9)dB/Mhz,(1 328 4?41 5)m/s vs (1 505 8?26 9)m/s,23% vs 34%,21% vs25%〕. The serum levels of Testosterone(T) reduced significantly ( P

Objective:To investigate the distribution of single nucleotide polymorphism and haplotype of human leucocyte antigen G 3′untranslated region gene, which possibly could be predictive roles in unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion patients.Methods:Case-control method was used in this study. 70 cases of pregnant women with unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion and 54 cases of prenatal examination women whose peripheral blood and serum were collected in Wenzhou Hospital of Chinese Traditional Medicine were recorded from June 2017 to July 2018. Blood gene DNA was extracted by centrifuge column and was amplified by polymerase chain reaction. Sanger sequencing method was used for genotyping. The genotypes frequency, linkage imbalance analysis and haplotypes construction of SNPs were analyzed by SHEsis online software and Phase software. Serum soluble HLA-G concentration was detected by ELISA.Results:There were eight SNPs, including 14bp ins/del,+3003C/T,+3010G/C,+3027A/C,+3035C/T,+3142C/G,+3187A/G and+3196C/G, were detected in both the URSA group and the control group. Results showed that the distribution differences of+3010G/C,+3142C/G and+3187A/G between the two groups were statistically significant (χ 2=8.514, P=0.004; χ 2=0.552, P=0.021; χ 2=8.183, P=0.005) .The C allele at the+3010G/C site and the G allele at the +3142C/G site might be risk factors for URSA ( OR=2.131, 95 %CI=1.278-3.552, χ 2=8.514, P=0.004; OR=1.813, 95 %CI=1.091-3.013, χ 2=0.552, P=0.021) ;the G allele at +3187A/G site might be a protective factor for URSA ( OR=0.476, 95 %CI=0.285-0.794, χ 2=8.183, P=0.005) .Haplotype analysis revealed that UTR-1 (DTGCCCGC) might be a protective factor for URSA ( OR=0.497, 95 %CI=0.295-0.837,χ 2=6.987, P=0.008), while UTR-3 (DTCCCGAC) might be a risk factor for URSA ( OR=1.732, 95 %CI=1.009-2.974, χ 2=3.998, P=0.045).The frequency of UTR-1/UTR-1 homozygous in URSA patients was lower than that in normal patients obviously( OR=0.381, 95 %CI=0.165-0.879, χ 2=5.292, P=0.024), which might be a protective factor for pregnancy. No association was found between serum soluble HLA-G and HLA-G 3′UTR gene haplotypes in URSA ( t=1.578, P=0.119) . Conclusions:HLA-G 3′UTR gene polymorphism and haplotypes are correlated with URSA. The study lays a foundation for future research and provides a basis for clinical individualized medicine.

OBJECTIVE To analyze th e evaluation methods of the skill ，adherence and effectiveness of medication in bronchial asthma （hereinafter referred to as “asthma”）patients from a pharmacist perspective ，and to provide reference for pharmacists to carry out clinical intervention researches and management of asthma patients. METHODS Referring to diagnosis and treatment guidelines ，evidence-based medicine literature and clinical practice experience ，the evaluation methods of asthma patients ’ medication with clinical value were expounded from three aspects including medication skill （inhalation technology ），adherence and effectiveness. RESULTS Inhalation technique rating form was an important evaluation method of medication skills in asthma patients. Medication adherence could be evaluated by Morisky Medication Adherence Scale or the Medication Adherence Report Scale for Asthma. Effectiveness evaluation methods contained direct evaluation indexes （such as clinical manifestations ，situation of acute exacerbation and relieving medication ，examination indexes such as pulmonary function indexes and fractional concentration of exhaled nitric oxide ）and indirect evaluation tools （i.e. various scales ，including Asthma Control Test ，Children-Asthma Control Test，the Test for Respiratory and Asthma Control in Kids ，asthma related quality of life scales ，etc.）CONCLUSIONS The combination of the evaluation methods of medication skill ， adherence and effectiveness contributes to assessing the pharmacotherapy effect of asthma patients. Pharmacists should apply and perfect these evaluation methods in practice ，so as to conduct better pharmaceutical intervention on asthma patients.