Age-related cataract and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) are the leading causes of visual loss in elder persons,and sometimes the two diseases are co-existing in those patients.Earlier studies have suggested that cataract surgery could promote the process of AMD.However,the latest research of this diseases and the advanced treatment strategy have leading the remarkable change of this field.This article reviews the morbidity and the relation of cataract surgery and progression of AMD,and how to reduce the development of AMD after cataract surgery.

Objective To investigate the ultrasonic imaging features of thyroid follicular adenoma for conducting the correct diagnosis and differentiation diagnosis.Methods The clinical and imaging data in 64 cases of pathologically proven thyroid follicular adenoma were analyzed on the maximal diameter of tumor,nodularity number,high and low echogenicity,peripheral halo,echo hom-ogeneity,calcifications,and so on.The misdiagnosis causes were investigated.Results The mass was mainly solid or cystic-solid mixed echo.The ultrasonic imaging features of thyroid follicular adenoma were non-peripheral halo or thin wall halo,hyperecho or isoecho,internal macrocalcifications and peripheral calcifications,homogeneous echo structure.Conclusion The ultrasonographic examination can provide the better diagnosis and differentiation diagnosis on thyroid follicular carcinoma.

Objective To investigate the predictive value of Alberta stroke program early CT score on diffusion-w eighted imaging (DWI-ASPECTS) for predicting new cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) in patients w ith acute middle cerebral artery infarction. Methods The patients w ith acute middle cerebra artery infarction w ere enroled prospectively. MRI examinations w ere completed w ithin 48 h on admission and they w ere examined again at 10 to 14 d after onset. Susceptibility-w eighted imaging (SWI) w as use to detect
CMBs. DWI-ASPECTS w as used to assess the infarction extent. Results A total of 82 patients w ith acute middle cerebra artery infarction w ere enroled, including 27 females and 55 females. Their ages w ere 71.7 ± 8.9 years. Eighteen patients (22.0%) had old CMBs, 25 (30.5%) had new CMBs, 57 (69.5%) did not have new CMBs. Compared w ith the non-new CMB group, DWI-SPECTS (3.20 ±1.73 vs.7.11 ±1.69;t = 9.573, P <0.001) w as low er, NIHSS scores (16.20 ±4.06 vs.12.63 ±5.06; t = 3.111, P = 0.003) w ere higher, there w ere more patients w ith atrial fibrilation ( 40.0% vs.15.8%; χ2 = 5.722, P = 0.017), proportion of intensive antiplatelet therapy ( 0% vs.28.1%; P = 0.002) w as low er, there w ere more large artery atherosclerosis type ( 60.0% vs.29.8%; χ2 = 6.650, P = 0.010 ), more cardiogenic cerebral embolism type (36.0% vs.5.3%; P = 0.001), and less smal artery occlusion type ( 0% vs.57.9%; P <0.001) in the new CMB group, and there w ere no statistical differences in the other indexes. Multivariate logistic regression analysis show ed that after adjusting age, sex, alcohol, histories of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, atrial fibrilation and previous stroke or transient ischemic attack history, the higher the DWI-ASPECT scores ( > 5), the risk of new CMBs w ould decrease 86 % (odds ratio 0.14, 95%confidence interval 0.17 -0.48; P < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis show ed that the sensitivity of prediction of DWI-ASPECTS ≤5 for the new CMBs w as 87.7%, specificity w as 88.3%, and the area under the curve w as 0.940. Conclusions DWI-ASPECTS can effectively predict the new CMBs in patients w ith acute middle cerebra artery infarction.

Objective: To observe the effect of edaravone combining ulinastatin on brain protection in patients of type A aortic dissection (AAD) after total arch replacement. Methods: A total of 60 AAD patients with total arch replacement in our hospital from 2014-09 to 2016-01 were prospectively studied. Based on peri-operative application of edaravone and ulinastatin, the patients were divided into 2 groups: EU group: 1) the patients received ulinastatin 300000 U/8h and edaravone 0.5mg/Kg/12h from administration to 3 days post-operation, 2) during cardiopulmonary bypass, the patients received ulinastatin 300000 U/2h and edaravone 0.5mg/Kg; Control group, the patients had no such treatment.n=30 in each group. The following items were observed:①operative condition;②blood levels of speciifc brain injury markers as S-100 and neuron speciifc enolase (NSE) at different time points: beginning of surgery (T0), opening aorta clamp (T1), right after cardiopulmonary bypass (T2), entering ICU (T3), 24h post-operation (T4) and 3 days post-operation (T5); ③post-operative condition. Results:①Durations of operation, cardiopulmonary bypass, cardiac arrest and bilateral antegrade selective cerebral perfusion (BACP), the frequency of BACP and UACP (unilateral antegrade selective cerebral perfusion), the lowest rectal temperature and blood levels of S-100, NSE at T0 were similar between 2 groups.②Compared with Control group, EU group had decreased S-100 and NSE from T1 to T5,P<0.05.③The in-hospital and ventilation time, frequency of PND and TND, the patients with CSS score≥16 before discharge and the in-hospital death rate were similar between 2 groups,P>0.05. Conclusion: Edaravone combining ulinastatin had brain protective effect in AAD patients after total arch replacement;it may reduce blood speciifc brain injury markers while the clinical signiifcance should be further investigated.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of periostin in in vitro cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) induced by TGF-β1 and the relationship between periostin expression and the migration and proliferation of the VSMCs. Further, to investigate the effects of atorvastatin on the above-mentioned processes and the molecular mechanisms of atorvastatin inhibition of TGF-β1- induced periostin production. METHODS: Rat aorta smooth muscle cells were cultivated by the method of tissue explants adherence. Cells of generation 3 to 6 were used as the experimental system. Primary cultured rat vascular smooth muscle cells were treated by TGF-β1 and different concentrations of atorvastatin,Y-2763 (Rho kinase inhibitor), or atorvastatin plus MVA for 24 hours. The expression of periostin was measured by RT-PCR and Western blot. A Boyden chamber assay was used to measure cell migration, and an MTT test was used to measure cell proliferation. RESULTS: Periostin expression in rat VSMCs stimulated by TGF-β1 increased significantly (4.158 ± 0.515 vs 0.385 ± 0.031), VSMC migration(25 ± 4 vs 8 ± 2) and proliferation (0.85 ± 0.06 vs 0.32 ± 0.03) also increased significantly. Atorvastatin significantly inhibited TGF-β1-induced periostin production in rat VSMCs, as well as VSMC migration and proliferation, in a dose-dependent manner. Rho kinase inhibitor Y-27632 significantly inhibited TGF-β1-induced periostin production in rat VSMCs (2.082 ± 0.245). The inhibitory effect of atorvastatin on periostin upregulation induced by TGF-β1 was reversed by mevalonate (3.838 ± 0.326). CONCLUSION Periostin can promote rat VSMC migration and proliferation. Atorvastatin inhibition of periostin expression induced by TGF-β1 in VSMCs may be exerted by inhibition of the production of MVA and other isoprene compounds and by blocking the Rho/Rho kinase signaling pathway.
Animals ; Atorvastatin ; Cell Adhesion Molecules ; genetics ; metabolism ; Cell Movement ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Heptanoic Acids ; pharmacology ; Male ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular ; cytology ; metabolism ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle ; metabolism ; Primary Cell Culture ; Pyrroles ; pharmacology ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Signal Transduction ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; pharmacology ; rho-Associated Kinases ; metabolism

Background::The incidence rate of lung cancer in women has significantly increased over the past decade, and previous evidence has indicated a significant relationship between the elevated levels of sex hormones and the risk of lung cancer. Therefore, we hypothesized that female hormone-related cancer (FHRC) patients, including breast, endometrial, cervical, and ovarian cancer patients, may experience a higher risk of developing subsequent lung cancer. This meta-analysis aimed to identify the risk of lung cancer among FHRC patients compared to the general population.Methods::The PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and CNKI databases were searched up to May 11, 2022. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to identify the risk of subsequent lung cancer after FHRC. Subgroup analyses based on the follow-up time and tumor type were also conducted.Results::A total of 58 retrospective cohort studies involving 4,360,723 FHRC participants were included. The pooled results demonstrated that FHRC patients had a significantly increased risk of developing subsequent primary lung cancer (SIR = 1.61, 95% CI: 1.48-1.76, P <0.001). Subgroup analysis revealed an obvious trend of increasing lung cancer risk over time (SIRs for <5 years, ≥5 years, ≥10 years, ≥20 years, and ≥30 years after FHRC: 1.32, 1.59, 1.57, 1.68, and 1.95, respectively). In addition, subgroup analysis stratified by tumor type indicated an increased risk of developing subsequent lung cancer after breast (SIR = 1.25, P <0.001), endometrial (SIR = 1.40, P = 0.019), cervical (SIR = 2.56, P <0.001), and ovarian cancer (SIR = 1.50, P = 0.010). Conclusion::FHRC patients are more likely to develop lung cancer than the general population. Furthermore, the increased risk of subsequent primary lung cancer is more obvious with a longer survival time and is observed in all types of hormone-related cancer.Registration::International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols: No. INPLASY202270044; https://inplasy.com/

Objective To explore the relationship between high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP)and obesity/metabolic syndrome(MetS)related factors in children. Methods 403 children aged 10-14 and born in Beijing were involved in this study. Height,weight,waist circumference,fat mass percentage(Fat%),blood pressure(BP),hsCRP,triglyceride(TG),total cholesterol(TC), fasting plasma glucose(FPG),high and low density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C,LDL-C)were observed among these children. hsCRP was transformed with base 10 logarithm(lgCRP). MetS was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation 2007 definition. Associations between MetS related components and hsCRP were tested using partial correlation analysis,analysis of covariance and linear regression models. Results 1) lgCRP was positively correlated with BMI,waist circumference,Fat%,BP,FPG,LDL-C and TC while negatively correlated with HDL-C. With BMI under control,the relationships disappeared,but LDL-C(r=0.102). 2)The distributions of lgCRP showed obvious differences in all the metabolic indices,in most groups,respectively. With BMI under control,close relationships between lgCRP and high blood pressure/high TG disappeared and the relationship with MetS weakened. 3) Through linear regression models, factors as waist circumference,BMI,Fat% were the strongest factors related to hsCRP,followed by systolic BP, HDL-C,diastolic BP,TG and LDL-C. With BMI under control,the relationships disappeared,but LDL-C (β=0.045). Conclusion hsCRP was correlated with child obesity,lipid metabolism and MetS. Waist circumference was the strongest factors related with hsCRP. Obesity was the strongest and the independent influencing factor of hsCRP.

Objective:To investigate the expression and significance of Nek2B and β-catenin expression in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) at molecule levels.Methods:By using the methods of bioinformatics [GEO2R online tool, gene ontology (GO) function analysis, KEGG biological pathway enrichment analysis], the differentially expressed genes were screened from TNBC microarray data.Expression levels of Nek2B and β-catenin TNBC cell lines were detected by Western blot and qRT-PCR.From January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2012, eighty cases of TNBC were collected from the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University. The expression of Nek2B in TNBC tumor tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry and tissue microarray, and the relationship between Nek2B and clinical pathological characteristics of TNBC was analyzed.Results:Through bioinformatics analysis of the cDNA chip sets of 2 TNBC tumors(GSE38959,GSE27447), 998 differentially expressed genes were obtained in the initial screening, and 13 differentially expressed genes were revealed after intersection. The results of biological pathway analysis showed that the common differential expression genes were closely related to Wnt/β-catenin pathway, among which Nek2 expression showed the greatest difference and was associated with poor prognosis. Expression intensity of Nek2B and repeated β-catenin in the same TNBC cell line was consistent.The results of immunohistochemistry showed that the high expression of Nek2B was related to the high histological stage (G3;84.3% vs.37.9%, P<0.001), lymph node metastasis group (76.7% vs.54.1%, P=0.032), high Ki-67 positive index group (78.6% vs.52.6%, P=0.007) and β-catenin positive expression group (72.5% vs.27.3%, P=0.018). Conclusions:The high level of Nek2B expression is related to a poor prognosis in TNBC patients. In TNBC tissues and cells, the expression of Nek2B is correlated with β-catenin, suggesting that Nek2B may affect the occurrence and development of TNBC by regulating the Wnt/β-catenin patients signaling pathway.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of high-risk HPV subtypes in different pathological types of cervical cancer, and analyze the attribution of carcinogenic HPV subtypes in different pathological types. Methods A total of 1 541 patients with cervical cancer were treated between February 2009 and October 2016 in Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College. The median age at diagnosis was 49 years (ranged 20-82 years old). The numbers of patients with cervical cancer from North China, Northeast China, East China, Central China and other regions (including Northwest, Southwest and South China) were 961, 244, 175, 87 and 74 cases, respectively. Pathological types: 1 337 cases of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), 87 usual adenocarcinoma (ADC), 23 adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC), 20 mucinous carcinoma (MC), 19 clear cell carcinoma (CCC), 12 endometrioid carcinoma (EC), 25 neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC), 9 serous carcinoma (SC), 5 villous adenocarcinoma (VADC) and 4 minimal deviation adenocarcinoma (MDAC). The prevalence of high-risk HPV in different regions, age groups at diagnosis and pathological types in cervical cancer were analyzed. The attribution of 13 high-risk HPV subtypes in different pathological types of cervical cancer based on proportional attribution method, and the attribution of high-risk HPV subtypes prevented by 9-valent HPV vaccine in SCC and ADC were calculated. Results (1) The prevalence of high-risk HPV in 1 541 patients with cervical cancer was 86.6% (1 335/1 541). The multiple high-risk HPV infection rate in patients with SCC ≥60 years old (23.0%, 37/161) was significantly higher than those in patients aged 45-59 years old and≤44 years old [11.4% (85/747) vs 11.7% (50/429), P<0.01], and the high-risk HPV infection rates of patients with cervical cancer in North China, Northeast China, East China, Central China and other regions were respectively 86.8% (834/961), 87.7% (214/244), 83.4% (146/175), 83.9% (73/87) and 91.9% (68/74). SCC (86.8%, 1 337/1 541) and ADC (5.6%, 87/1 541) were the most common pathological types in cervical cancer. The high-risk HPV prevalence of SCC, ADC, ASC, MC, NEC and VADC were 90.1% (1 205/1 337), 74.7% (65/87), 87.0% (20/23), 65.0% (13/20), 72.0% (18/25) and 5/5 respectively. The high-risk HPV infection rates of SC, EC, CCC and MDAC were 4/9, 3/12, 2/19 and 0/4 respectively. (2) According to proportional attribution, HPV 16 (69.5%), HPV 18 (5.6%), HPV 58 (2.2%), HPV 31 (1.9%), HPV 52 (1.4%) and HPV 33 (1.3%) were the six common high-risk HPV subtypes in SCC. While, HPV 18 (44.1%), HPV 16 (20.5%), HPV 52 (2.3%), HPV 58 (1.2%) and HPV 51 (1.2%) were the main carcinogenic subtypes in ADC. The main carcinogenic high-risk HPV subtypes of ASC, NEC and MC were HPV 18 and HPV 16. The total attribution of HPV 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52 and 58 prevented by 9-valent HPV vaccine in SCC and ADC were 82.6% and 68.1% respectively; the attribution of HPV 45 in SCC and ADC were only 0.8% and 0. Conclusions SCC and ADC are the main pathological types in cervical cancer. SCC, ADC, ASC, MC, NEC and VADC are closely related to high-risk HPV infection. HPV 16 is the main carcinogenic genotypes of SCC. HPV 18 maybe play an important role in the pathogenesis of ADC.

Clostridioides difficile is a key pathogen of antibiotic related diarrhea and hospital associated infection, causing several outbreaks in Europe and North Americans and resulting in severe disease burden. However, the standardized diagnostic principle and detection specifications in C. difficile infection (CDI) survey are limited in China, and the infection rate and disease burden of CDI in China are unclear. Therefore, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention,National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, together with another 11 institutions, draft the group standard entitled "Diagnosis of Clostridium difficile infection (T/CPMA 008-2020)" of Chinese Preventive Medicine Association. Based on the principle of "legality, scientificity, advancement, and feasibility", this standard clarifies risk factors, diagnosis principles, diagnoses and differential diagnoses in order to improve the accuracy of CDI diagnosis in clinical practice, guide the surveillance for CDI, and understand the infection rate and disease burden of CDI in China .