Background and purpose:Differentiation of tumor tissue is an important factor on determining the prognosis of gastric cancer. This study aimed to investigate the expression levels and clinical signiifcance of gender determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2) gene and octamer binding factor 4 (OCT4) gene in gastric cancer tissues varying different differentiation degrees. Methods: Sixty cases with gastric cancer were recruited in this study. The gastric cancer tissues and corresponding normal mucosa of the 60 cases were obtained. The mRNA and protein level of SOX2, OCT4 gene are evaluated by the quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), Western blot and immunohistochemistry, respectively. The relationship between the expression levels of SOX2, OCT4 gene and clinical pathological parameters were also analyzed in this study. Results:The expression of SOX2 in both mRNA and protein levels had no signiifcant difference between the well-differentiated gastric cancer tissues and normal gastric mucosa (mRNA levels:t=0.1033, P>0.05;protein levels:t=0.116, P>0.05). However, both the mRNA and protein expression of SOX2 in patients with well-differentiated gastric cancer tissues were signiifcant higher than not only in patients with moderately differentiated gastric carcinoma (mRNA levels: t=12.48, P<0.05; protein levels: t=22.78, P<0.05) but also in patients with than poorly differentiated gastric carcinoma (mRNA levels:t=17.56, P<0.05;protein levels:t=30.00, P<0.05). In contrast to SOX2, both the mRNA and protein expression of OCT4 in patients with well-differentiated gastric cancer tissues were signiifcant lower than not only in patients with moderately differentiated gastric carcinoma (mRNA levels:t=13.23, P<0.05; protein levels: t=25.56, P<0.05) but also in patients with poorly differentiated gastric carcinoma (mRNA levels: t=12.10, P<0.05; protein levels: t=69.48, P<0.05). There was no significance of OCT4 mRNA and protein expression between the well-differentiated gastric cancer tissues and normal gastric mucosa (mRNA levels:t=2.436, P>0.05;protein levels:t=1.064, P>0.05). Immunohistochemical study demonstrated that the positive rate of SOX2 in patients with well-differentiated gastric cancer tissues (10/21) were higher than in patients with not only moderately differentiated gastric carcinoma (7/20) but also poorly differentiated gastric carcinoma (2/19, P<0.05), while the positive rate of OCT4 in cases with well-differentiated gastric cancer tissues (2/21) were lower than in cases with not only moderately differentiated gastric carcinoma (6/20) but also the poorly differentiated gastric carcinoma (12/19, P<0.05). There was no correlation between the expression of SOX2, OCT4 in gastric cancer and gender or age (P>0.05). Nevertheless, the expression of SOX2, OCT4 were positive or negative correlated with the pathological staging, the degree of inifltration and lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). Conclusion:Decreased SOX2 expression and increased expression level of OCT4 can promote the formation, development and invasion of gastric cancer and they may become biomarkers or the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis evaluation in gastric carcinoma.

pancreatic cancer is a common malignant tumor of digestive system, with poor prognosis. About 80% of patients have lost the opportunity of surgical resection when diagnosed. In different treatment schemes, radioactive seed 125I implantation can improve the quality of life of patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer and is expected to improve their survival rate. This article reviews the clinical applications of 125I particle implantation therapy combined with chemotherapy, cryotherapy, intracavitary irradiation, stent placement, radiofrequency ablation, nanoknife, and bypass surgery, in order to better promote its clinical application. However, it is necessary to establish unified dosage standards and regulatory guidelines to make them safer and more widely serve clinical practice.

Follicular lymphoma (FL) is the most common inert B-cell lymphoproliferative disease characterized by extensive lymph node involvement, splenomegaly, and bone marrow infiltration. In recent years, with the development of molecular imaging technology and precision medicine, the imaging research of FL has been moving towards a more refined direction. 18F-FDG PET/CT plays an increasingly important role in the diagnosis, staging, efficacy evaluation, and prognosis judgment of FL patients, promoting more precise personalized treatment and improving the efficacy and survival of FL patients. This article reviews the research progress of 18F-FDG PET/CT in the diagnosis and prognosis of FL based on domestic and foreign research progress, summarizing existing literature, in order to provide reference for personalized diagnosis and treatment of FL.

Objective:To investigate the expression and significance of Nek2B and β-catenin expression in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) at molecule levels.Methods:By using the methods of bioinformatics [GEO2R online tool, gene ontology (GO) function analysis, KEGG biological pathway enrichment analysis], the differentially expressed genes were screened from TNBC microarray data.Expression levels of Nek2B and β-catenin TNBC cell lines were detected by Western blot and qRT-PCR.From January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2012, eighty cases of TNBC were collected from the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University. The expression of Nek2B in TNBC tumor tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry and tissue microarray, and the relationship between Nek2B and clinical pathological characteristics of TNBC was analyzed.Results:Through bioinformatics analysis of the cDNA chip sets of 2 TNBC tumors(GSE38959,GSE27447), 998 differentially expressed genes were obtained in the initial screening, and 13 differentially expressed genes were revealed after intersection. The results of biological pathway analysis showed that the common differential expression genes were closely related to Wnt/β-catenin pathway, among which Nek2 expression showed the greatest difference and was associated with poor prognosis. Expression intensity of Nek2B and repeated β-catenin in the same TNBC cell line was consistent.The results of immunohistochemistry showed that the high expression of Nek2B was related to the high histological stage (G3;84.3% vs.37.9%, P<0.001), lymph node metastasis group (76.7% vs.54.1%, P=0.032), high Ki-67 positive index group (78.6% vs.52.6%, P=0.007) and β-catenin positive expression group (72.5% vs.27.3%, P=0.018). Conclusions:The high level of Nek2B expression is related to a poor prognosis in TNBC patients. In TNBC tissues and cells, the expression of Nek2B is correlated with β-catenin, suggesting that Nek2B may affect the occurrence and development of TNBC by regulating the Wnt/β-catenin patients signaling pathway.

Objce tive To investigate the effect and significance of down-regulation of Oct4 gene on biological characteristics of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer stem cells.Methods Breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 cells were used in this study.Breast cancer stem cells were isolated and enriched by serum-free culture.The obtained stem cells were identified through calculating the percentages of CD44 and CD24 stem cells by FACS and evaluating the paclitaxel resistance in vitro and tumorigenicity in mice.RT-PCR, real-time PCR (qPCR) and Western blot were used to detect Oct4 expression.RNA interference was applied to induce Oct4 down-regulation.The interference experiment set up a control group ( no siRNA transfection) , negative control group ( negative siRNA group,transfection of siRNA sequences without any interfering effect on the cells) and Oct4 siRNA group ( transfection of siRNA with interfering effect on the Oct4 gene) .Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium ( MTT ) and Transwell chamber tests were conducted to detect the proliferation and invasion ability of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer stem cells after Oct4 knock-down, and paclitaxel inhibition test was applied to evaluate drug resistance of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer stem cells after Oct4 knock-down. Resulst MDA-MB-231 breast cancer stem cells grew as spheres cultured in serum-free suspension.MDA-MB-231 breast cancer stem cells showed a higher percentage of CD44+C/D24 -/low cells (97.2%) than that in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells ( 76.6%) ( P<0.05) .The tumor size in mice inoculated with MDA-MB-231 breast cancer stem cells was (124.60±13.65)mm3, significantly larger than that of mice inoculated with breast cancer cells (68.20±9.99 mm3) (P=0.0007).MDA-MB-231 breast cancer stem cells were less sensitive to paclitaxel inhibition than MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells showing by 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) [(4.40±0.48) μg/ml vs.(8.20±0.34) μg/ml, P<0.05].However, the expression of transcriptional factors Oct4 was higher in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer stem cells than that in breast cancer cells (P<0.05).The proliferation potential of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer stem cells with Oct4 siRNA interference was significantly lower than that in the negative siRNA and control groups ( P<0.05) from the third day.The invasion ability of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer stem cells with Oct4 siRNA interference was obviously reduced than that in the control and negative siRNA groups shown by number of penetrated cells [(46.52±2.58) vs.(79.67±3.85) and (77.29±2.13), P<0.05 for both].As for resistance to paclitaxel, IC50 of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer stem cells with Oct4siRNA interference was significantly decreased [(4.48±0.22) μg/ml] compared with that in the control [(7.99±0.59) μg/ml] and negative siRNA group [(8.10±0.68) μg/ml] (P<0.05 for both).Conclusions MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells are successfully obtained by serum-free culture. The proliferation potential, invasion ability and drug resistance of breast cancer stem cells were down-regulated by Oct4 gene knock-down.

Objce tive To investigate the effect and significance of down-regulation of Oct4 gene on biological characteristics of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer stem cells.Methods Breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 cells were used in this study.Breast cancer stem cells were isolated and enriched by serum-free culture.The obtained stem cells were identified through calculating the percentages of CD44 and CD24 stem cells by FACS and evaluating the paclitaxel resistance in vitro and tumorigenicity in mice.RT-PCR, real-time PCR (qPCR) and Western blot were used to detect Oct4 expression.RNA interference was applied to induce Oct4 down-regulation.The interference experiment set up a control group ( no siRNA transfection) , negative control group ( negative siRNA group,transfection of siRNA sequences without any interfering effect on the cells) and Oct4 siRNA group ( transfection of siRNA with interfering effect on the Oct4 gene) .Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium ( MTT ) and Transwell chamber tests were conducted to detect the proliferation and invasion ability of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer stem cells after Oct4 knock-down, and paclitaxel inhibition test was applied to evaluate drug resistance of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer stem cells after Oct4 knock-down. Resulst MDA-MB-231 breast cancer stem cells grew as spheres cultured in serum-free suspension.MDA-MB-231 breast cancer stem cells showed a higher percentage of CD44+C/D24 -/low cells (97.2%) than that in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells ( 76.6%) ( P<0.05) .The tumor size in mice inoculated with MDA-MB-231 breast cancer stem cells was (124.60±13.65)mm3, significantly larger than that of mice inoculated with breast cancer cells (68.20±9.99 mm3) (P=0.0007).MDA-MB-231 breast cancer stem cells were less sensitive to paclitaxel inhibition than MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells showing by 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) [(4.40±0.48) μg/ml vs.(8.20±0.34) μg/ml, P<0.05].However, the expression of transcriptional factors Oct4 was higher in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer stem cells than that in breast cancer cells (P<0.05).The proliferation potential of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer stem cells with Oct4 siRNA interference was significantly lower than that in the negative siRNA and control groups ( P<0.05) from the third day.The invasion ability of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer stem cells with Oct4 siRNA interference was obviously reduced than that in the control and negative siRNA groups shown by number of penetrated cells [(46.52±2.58) vs.(79.67±3.85) and (77.29±2.13), P<0.05 for both].As for resistance to paclitaxel, IC50 of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer stem cells with Oct4siRNA interference was significantly decreased [(4.48±0.22) μg/ml] compared with that in the control [(7.99±0.59) μg/ml] and negative siRNA group [(8.10±0.68) μg/ml] (P<0.05 for both).Conclusions MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells are successfully obtained by serum-free culture. The proliferation potential, invasion ability and drug resistance of breast cancer stem cells were down-regulated by Oct4 gene knock-down.

With the progress of society and the continuous improvement of people′s living standards in China, the public′s demand for medical services is becoming increasingly diversified. How to move hospital services forward and improve medical services centered on patients has become a key consideration for hospitals to enhance patients′ sense of medical satisfaction. A certain hospital has established a one-stop patient service hotline, integrating functions such as number inquiry, medical consultation, appointment registration, appointment examination, praise and suggestions, complaint follow-up, etc., injecting a complaint handling management mode, and responding to and solving patient feedback problems in a timely manner. Since the launch of the patient service hotline, it has effectively solved the problems that patients encountered during their visits, effectively reduced the hospital′s complaint rate, and initially formed a service closed-loop management. From March to October 2023, the demand ratio of the 12345 hotline in the hospital has continuously decreased, and was significantly lower than the average level of 22 municipal hospitals in Beijing. In the future, we should further improve the communication skills between doctors and patients, focus on managing appeals and services, and continue to strengthen proactive governance.

Objective:To investigate the features and trends of functional speech sound disorder and related erroneous consonants in children, so as to provide evidence for clinical evaluation and rational intervention.Methods:Clinical data of 1 562 children diagnosed with functional speech sound disorder in the language-speech clinic of the Department of Child Health Care, Children′s Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics from January 2007 to December 2018 were analyzed retrospectively. By using the mandarin phonetic test table, the picture-naming method was adopted to test the word-level pronunciation. The Chi-square test was conducted to analyze the incidence of consonant errors in different age groups, gender and different places of articulation. The trend in incidence of the consonant errors in different age groups and during the last 12 years were analyzed by chi-square trend test. Results:A total of 1 562 cases were diagnosed with functional speech sound disorder, including 1 171 males and 391 females, the age was 4-17 years. The incidence of consonant errors in different places of articulation was 43.0% (672/1 562) for labial, 47.0% (734/1 562) for lingua-palatal, 63.7% (995/1 562) for velar, 77.7% (1 213/1 562) for linguo-alveolar, 78.9% (1 233/1 562) for apico-dental and 81.6% (1 274/1 562) for palatal. The incidence of consonant errors in males on labial, lingua-palatal, linguo-alveolar and palatal was higher than that in females (44.7% (523/1 171) vs. 38.1% (149/391), 49.1% (575/1 171) vs.40.7% (159/391), 80.1% (938/1 171) vs.70.3% (275/391), 82.8% (970/1 171) vs.77.7% (304/391), χ2 =5.138, 8.379, 16.126 and 5.042,all P<0.05). The incidence of consonant errors on labial, lingua-palatal, velar, linguo-alveolar, apico-dental and palatal decreased with age (χ2 =27.023, 13.230, 20.579, 29.718, 26.390, and 17.887, all P<0.01). The incidence of consonant errors on labial, linguo-alveolar, apico-dental increased with years (χ2 =9.030, 51.894 and 18.507, all P<0.01). Conclusions:The incidence of palatal errors is the highest in children with functional speech sound disorder. As part of the palatal errors could not be completely self-healing with growing, the phonological therapy for palatal errors should be carried out as early as possible. The incidence of consonant errors on labial, linguo-alveolar, and apico-dental presents an upward tendency with years, more attention should be paid to the factors related to the acquisition of these consonants.

Objective:To investigate the characteristics of consonant among children with speech sound disorder (SSD) and to provide an empirical basis for the subsequent clinical evaluation and evidence-based intervention.Methods:In this retrospective research a total of 1 395 children diagnosed with SSD from the Language-Speech Clinic of the Department of Children Health Care, Children′s Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics from January 2007 to December 2018 were enrolled and underwent the phonological examination on the lexical level with picture naming, according to phoneme development in Chinese mandarin. The Chi-square trend test was applied to analyze the differences and trends of the proportion of consonant error subtypes in children of different age groups. The Chi-square test was conducted to compare the proportion of consonant error subtypes in different gender.Results:The 1 395 children diagnosed with SSD included 1 044 boys and 351 girls, with an age of (5.1±0.8) years. The occurrence of consonant errors in different locations of articulation was the highest for blade-alveolar /l/ (71.8%, 1 002/1 395) and the lowest for labial/b/(9.3%, 130/1 395). The occurrence of consonant errors of labial/p/f/, supra-dental/z/c/s/, blade-alveolar/t/l/, blade-palatal/ch/r/, velar/k/h/, and lingua-palatal/q/decreased with age (all P<0.05). The occurrence of consonant errors of labial/b/m/, supra-dental/z/c/, blade-alveolar/n/l/, blade-palatal/sh/, velar/h/, and lingua-palatal/x/were higher in boys than those in girls (10.3% (108/1 044) vs. 6.3% (22/351), 11.4% (119/1 044) vs. 6.0% (21/351), 64.8% (676/1 044) vs. 51.9% (182/351), 67.8% (708/1 044) vs. 59.8% (210/351), 16.7% (174/1 044) vs. 8.8% (31/351), 73.7% (769/1 044) vs. 66.1% (232/351), 58.0% (606/1 044) vs. 47.6% (167/351), 24.0% (251/1 044) vs. 14.2% (50/351), and 39.9% (417/1 044) vs. 27.6% (97/351); χ2 =5.167, 8.533, 16.889, 7.447, 12.863, 7.412, 11.650, 14.900, and 17.099, all P<0.05). The error types of consonant were substitution, omission, and distortion. Omission was the main error type of blade-alveolar/l/(53.3%, 743/1 395), distortion was the main error type of velar/h/(11.8%, 165/1 395), and substitution was the main error type of all other consonants. Substitution with blade-palatal/ch/having the highest occurrence of error (60.2%, 840/1 395). Conclusions:The occurrence of the blade-alveolar/l/error is the highest in children with SSD, with boys demonstrating more serious articulation problems. The main error type of consonant is substitution, with blade-palatal/ch/having the highest occurrence of error. These results suggest the necessity of attending to preschoolers′ articulation development. Phonological training targeting blade-alveolar/l/and blade-palatal/ch/should be carried out as early as possible.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy and safety of high-precision transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) targeting the anterior prefrontal cortex (aPFC) in prospective memory (PM) deficits in patients with schizophrenia.Methods:A total of 38 schizophrenia patients with PM deficits admitted to Outpatient Department of Psychiatry, Beijing Anding Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from March 2022 to March 2023 were included and divided into true stimulus group ( n=19) and pseudo-stimulus group ( n=19) by random envelope method. Two mA stimulation current intensity with duration of 20 min was given to the true stimulus group, and same stimulation current intensity with duration of 40 s was given to the pseudo-stimulus group twice daily for 5 d. PM function was assessed by Cued Unfocused Laboratory Prospective Memory Task before and 1 week after stimulation, cognitive function and severity of clinical symptoms were evaluated by Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) and Chinese version of MATRICS consensus cognition test (MCCB). Safety was assessed by tDCS adverse reaction questionnaire at the end of stimulation. Results:The time (before and 1 week after stimulation) and group interactions of PM trial accuracy and PM trial response time between the two groups were not significantly different ( P>0.05). Compared with that before stimulation, the PM trial accuracy 1 week after stimulation was significantly improved in the true stimulus group ([0.38±0.22] % vs. [0.57±0.28] %, P<0.05). No significant difference in PM trial accuracy ([0.56±0.25] % vs. [0.67±0.25] %) or PM trial response time ([2 216.46±570.03] ms vs. [2 059.59±378.41] ms) between before and 1 week after stimulation was noted in the pseudo-stimulus group ( P>0.05). In terms of severity of clinical symptoms and cognitive function, no significant difference in PANSS or MCCB scores were noted between the true stimulus group and pseudo-stimulus group 1 week after treatment ( P>0.05); no significant difference was noted between the two groups in time (before and 1 week after stimulation) and group interaction of all indexes ( P>0.05). In terms of adverse reactions, compared with the pseudo-stimulus group, the true stimulus group had significantly higher score of "skin redness" ( P<0.05); no significant differences in scores of other adverse reactions were noted between the two groups ( P>0.05). No serious adverse events occurred in all patients. Conclusion:In this study, no positive results have been found in improving PM deficits in patients with schizophrenia with high-precision tDCS targeting aPFC, but existing results suggest an improved trend, which can provide preliminary evidence for subsequent large-sample clinical trials to improve PM deficits in schizophrenia.