ObjectiveTo investigate the related risk factors ot the portal vein thrombosis (PVT) in patients with liver cirrhosis.MethodsThirty-seven liver cirrhosis patients with PVT (PVT group) and 100 liver cirrhosis patients without PVT (control group) from Jan.2007 to Dec.2009 were enrolled.The clinical data of these patients were collected and the related risk factors of PVT were analyzed.ResultsThe increase of D-dimer,severe esophageal varices(EV) and portal hypertension gastropathy(PHG) were the risk factors of PVT in liver cirrhosis patients(OR =12.872,3.916 and 2.851).No significant correlation was found between sex,platelets,albumin and PVT.ConclusionsThe increase of D-dimer,severe EV and PHG are the main risk factors of PVT.The above examinations should be used to monitor patients with liver cirrhosis for early prevention and diagnosis of PVT.

Objective To establish a rat model at the same time in accordance with the “hot sheng syndrome” of traditional Chinese medicine and primary immune thrombocytopenic purpura of peripheral blood platelet reduction. Methods Using back multi-point injection of 20% dry yeast suspension on SD rats and 1∶4 dilution of rabbit anti SD rats platelet serum (APS) by intraperitoneal injection to establish a primary immune thrombocytopenic purpura “heat sheng”rat model.And observing rats of TCM syndrome characteristics, hemogram, myelogram and serotonin (5-HT) level of the temperature regulating center in thalamus.Results After injection of 2 h ~6 h temperature and daily water of the model group rats increased significantly,toe purper showed in fourth day of modeling and intestinal mucosal bleeding in thirty day of modeling(P <0.05);Platelet count in peripheral blood decreased significantly, bone marrow megakaryocyte number reduced significantly((P <0.05);5-HT level of the temperature regulating center of brain increased significantly((P <0.05).Conclusions The study of the primary immune thrombocytopenic purpura heat sheng rat model of combination of disease and syndrome reflected basically the pathological characteristics of purpura caused by “heat sheng” in primary immune thrombocytopenic purpura rat mode.

Objective To measure the organ weights , physiological and biochemical parameters and immune cells of NOD/SCID mice.Methods Mice at five and ten weeks of age were selected .The organ weights, blood physiological and biochemical parameters were observed .The percentages of CD 3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD19+, B220+, NK1.1+, and CD11b+were checked by FCM in NOD/SCID mice at six week of age in terms of its T , B lymphocyte function and NK cell activity.Results Among the same sex group of NOD/SCID mice, the weights of kidney, liver, heart and lung, and the blood physiological indexes of RBC , HGB, HCT, MCV, MCH, RDW, and the blood biochemical indexes of TP , ALB, ALP, CHO, TBIL show significant difference between 5 and 10 weeks.At the same age, HCT, GLOB, A/G, CHO, TG, TBIL and the UN are significantly different between male and female NOD /SCID mice.NOD/SCID mice lack T cells (0.37 ±0.26)%、CD4+T cells (0.35 ±0.13)%、CD8 +T cells (0.47 ±0.10)%、CD19+B cells (0.13 ± 0.05)%、B220+B cells (1.20 ±0.44)%.The percentage of NK cells is (6.90 ±0.82)%, and the percentage of granulocytes is (47.88 ±15.54)%.Conclusions The study indicates that NOD/SCID mice show the deficiency of T , B and NK cells function .The organ weights , blood physiological and biochemical parameters are affected by age and gender . The studied parameters of NOD/SCID mice are similar with the same strain in other countries .

Objective To measure the organ weights , blood physiological and biochemical parameters , and immune function of Specific Pathogen Free ( SPF) Rag2 knockout ( KO) mice.Methods Rag2 knockout mice were selected at five and ten weeks , and the organ weights , blood physiological and biochemical parameters were observed .The percentages of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD19+, B220+, NK1.1+, and CD11b+were checked by FCM in Rag2 KO mice at six week of age in terms of its T , B lymphocyte function and NK cell activity .Results Among the same sex group of NOD/SCID mice, the weights of brain, lung, spleen, liver, heart, kidney, and the levels of TBIL, WBC in 10 weeks of age are higher than 5 weeks.At the same age, the weights of heart, kidney, liver, spleen, and the levels of AST, ALP, A/G, GLU, PLT, PCT, WBC, and LYM%in male mice are higher than females.The Rag2 KO mice lacks T cells(0.36 ±0.15)%、CD4+T cells(0.21 ±0.06)%、CD8+T cells(0.23 ±0.07)%、CD19+B cells(0.28 ±0.04)%、B220+B cells(2.03 ±0.42)%).The percentage of NK cells is(24.13 ±3.62)%, and the percentage of granulocytes is (57.20 ±3.85)%.Conclusion The study suggests that the organ weights , blood physiological and biochemical parameters are affected by age and gender in Rag2 KO mice, which main biological characteristics are similar with C 57BL/6J mice.The Rag2 KO mice show the deficiency of T , B cells function .

Objective To measure the organ weights , blood physiological and biochemical parameters of KK /Upj-Ay/J.Methods KK/Upj-Ay/J mice at five and ten weeks of age were selected , and the organ weights , blood physiological and biochemical parameters were observed .Results Parts of the organ weights , blood physiological and biochemical parameters of different ages and sexes were significant differences .The fasted blood glucose of KK/Upj-Ay/J mice reached 7.0mmol/L at 10 weeks of age .Conclusion The results show that the organ weights , blood physiological and biochemical parameters are affected by age and gender of KK /Upj-Ay/J mice.The fasted blood glucose reached the diabetes level at 10 weeks of age .

Objective To measure the organ weights , blood physiological and biochemical parameters , and immune cells of BALB/cA-nu mice .Methods BALB/cA-nu mice at five and ten weeks of age were selected , and the organ weights , blood physiological and biochemical parameters were observed .The percentages of CD 3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD19+, B220+, NK1.1+, and CD11b+were detected by FCM in BALB/cA-nu mice at six weeks of age in terms of its T, B lymphocyte cells and NK cell activity .Results At the same age, the weights of the body , liver, and kidney in male mice are significantly higher than females .The HGB、MCH、HCT in male mice are significantly higher than females (P <0.05).The weights of the lung, liver, and kidney, and the parameters of TP、GLOB、CHO、TBIL、UN are significantly lower at five weeks of age comparing with ten weeks (P <0.05).The BALB/cA-nu mice lacks T cells(0.18 ±0.06)%、CD4+T cells(0.26 ±0.08)%、CD8+T cells(0.13 ±0.04)%、The percentage of B cells is CD19+B cells (30.10 ±2.74)% and B220 +B cells(30.55 ±2.77)%.The percentage of NK cells is (1.35 ±0.29)%, and the percentage of granulocytes is (47.90 ±5.48)%.The BALB/cA-nu mice lack T cells and the group of cells .Conclusion The study suggests that the organ weights , blood physiological and biochemical parameters are affected by age and gender in BALB/cA-nu mice that lack T cells immune function .The studied parameters of BALB/cA-nu mice are similar with the same strain in other countries .

Exosomes are vesicular bodies secreted by living cells containing proteins and RNA, and play an important role in the process of physiology and pathology.Pancreatic cancer is one of the common gastrointestinal tumor with high morbidity and mortality.As a hotspot in oncology, exosomes have potential values in the research of development, diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer.This article reviewed the role of exosomes in pancreatic cancer.

Objective To investigate the effects of berberine in combination with bortezomib on proliferation and apoptosis of multiple myeloma (MM) cell line.Methods MM cell line U266 cells were treated with berberine and/or bortezomib.The effects of berberine and/or bortezomib on proliferation of cells were measured by methylthiazolyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT).Flow cytometric Annexin Ⅴ/PI double staining method was used to detect effect of either drug alone or in combination on apoptosis of MM cell line U266.ELISA was used to measure the expression of casepase-3,-8,-9 affected by the two drugs.Western blot was used to detect the expression of the apoptosis-related protein TRADD and FADD.King formula was used to determine if there was a synergistic effect of berberine in combination with bortezomib.Results ① Both berberine and bortezomib as single agent had dose-and time-dependent effects of proliferation inhibition on U266 cells.Berberine (20 μmol/L) and bortezomib (5 nmol/L) had a synergistic effect of proliferation inhibition (Q value:1.31-1.65).②The proportion of early stage apoptosis in both single agent groups and combination group significantly increased compared to control group (P＜ 0.05).Berberine and bortezomib had a synergistic effect on cell apoptosis (Q value after 6 h and 12 h were 0.896 and 1.197,respectively).③Berberine in combination with bortezomib significantly upregulated expressions of caspase-3,-8 and-9,which were statistically significant (P＜0.05).④Berberine in combination with bortezomib significantly upregulated expressions of TRADD (0.91±0.01,0.70±0.01) and FADD (0.98±0.01,0.98±0.01) compared with control group (both P＜0.05).Conclusion Berberine in combination with bortezomib had synergistic effects on proliferation inhibition and apoptosis,which were mediated by up-regulated levels of TRADD and FADD.

The p53 signaling pathway works as a potent barrier to tumor progression. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the gene loci of p53 pathway, p53 codon 72 Arg72Pro and MDM2 SNP309 (T > G), have been shown to cause perturbation of p53 function, but the effect of the two SNPs on the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains inconsistent. This study investigated the influence of combined p53 Arg72Pro and MDM2 SNP309 on the risk of developing HCC in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection, and evaluated the significance of the two combined SNPs on patient prognosis. In total, 350 HCC patients, 230 non-HCC patients, and 96 healthy controls were genotyped for the p53 Arg72Pro and MDM2 SNP309. The combined p53 Pro/Pro and MDM2 G/G genotype was significantly associated with HCC risk (P = 0.047). Multivariate analysis indicated that combined p53 Pro/Pro and MDM2 G/G genotype was an independent factor affecting recurrence and survival (P < 0.05). Patients with combined p53 Pro/Pro and MDM2 G/G genotypes had a poorer prognosis than other genotypes, P < 0.01 for both disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). DFS and OS rates also differed significantly between Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage A patients with combined p53 Pro/Pro and MDM2 G/G and other genotypes (P < 0.05). Thus, the combined p53 Pro/Pro and MDM2 G/G genotype is associated with increased risk of developing HCC and is an independent adverse prognostic indicator in early stage HCC.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; diagnosis ; genetics ; surgery ; virology ; Carrier State ; virology ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; genetics ; Hepatitis B virus ; physiology ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; genetics ; surgery ; virology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Prognosis ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2 ; genetics ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; genetics

Objective To explore the effects of different types of drinking water on the growth and fecal flora of mice.Methods Specific pathogen-free NIH mice were randomly divided into five groups,32 mice each group,with half males and half females in each group.The group were given either purified water(control group),acidified water,alkalized water,weakly acidic water or solid water.Diet and body weight were monitored continuously for 20 days.After the experiment,animal fecal samples were collected,and the V3-V4 region was amplified with bacterial 16S rDNA universal primers.An Illumina Miseq high-throughput sequencing platform was used for high-throughput sequencing,and microbial community,α diversity and β diversity were analyzed by bioinformatics method.Results The body weight of female mice given different pH values of weakly acidic water was higher,while the weight of the other groups was lower,than that of the control group(P＞0.05).The body weight of male mice in the acidified water group was higher,while that of other groups was lower,than that of control group,but there was no statistical difference between the groups(P＞0.05).The body weights of male and female mice in the solid water group were lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05).The food and water intake of the female animals in the alkaline water group and the water intake of female animals in the solid water group were lower than those of the other groups.OTU clustering analysis showed that the data volume of the sequencing was reasonable,and the fecal flora species of NIH mice were divided into five phyla,among which Bacteroides and Firmicutes were dominant.Unclassified Pseudopurpuromonas,Lactobacillus and Alistipes were the main genera.There were differences in fecal flora abundance and diversity among the mice given the five drinking water types.α analysis showed that the acidified water group had the highest flora abundance and diversity,while the solid water group had the lowest flora diversity.β analysis showed that the fecal flora composition in the solid water group was the closest to that of the control group,followed by the alkalized water group,acidified water group and weakly acidic water group.Conclusions Through an exploration of the effects of consuming different forms of water,this study revealed that solid water consumption had the greatest effects on body weight,feed intake,water consumption,and fecal flora of mice.The abundance and diversity of fecal flora in mice were affected by different pH values of drinking water,especially acidified water.