BACKGROUND:Changes of both stem cell markers and endothelial cell phenotype help understand characteristics of endothelial progenitor cells during adherent differentiation.However,there is still no specific cell marker to distinguish from mature endothelial cells.OBJECTIVE:To study the changes of stem cell markers and endothelial cell phenotype during the differentiation of rat peripheral blood rnononuclear cells into endothelial cells.DESIGN.TIME AND SETTING:Cell observation study was performed in the Laboratory of Cardiac Surgery,Qingdao Municipal Hospital between June 2004 and December 2008. MATERIALS:Peripheral blood was drawn from male SD rats to obtain mononuclear cells by Ficell density gradient centrifugation. METHODS:Mononuclear cells were in vitro cultured in fibronectin culture medium and induced by vascular endothelial growth factors(VEGF)and basic fibroblast growth factors(bFGF)in order to stimulate a differentiation into endothelial cells. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Adherent cells in the culture system were identified for CD31,CD34,Rk-1 and vWF with immunochemistry within 1-7 days.RESULTS:The expressions of CD31.CD34,FIk-1.vWF on adherent cells were different in different time durations.The expressions of CD31 and CD34 started on the 2nd day of culture.reached the peak on the 4th day,gradually decreased and even disappeared on the 6thday.While.FIk-1 expressed on the 3rd day of culture,gradually increased,and reached at the peak on the 7th day.vWF expressed gradually until 100%on the 7th day. CONCLUSION:The differentiation of peripheral blood stern cells into endothelial progenitor cells is characterized by the appearance of endothelial cell phenotypes and the disappearance of stern cell markers.both in the manner of gradual progression.

BACKGROUND: Heart valve tissue engineering is aimed to construct heart valve grafts with the physiological function and biological activity by using engineering and life science principles and methods, but still in the animal experiment stage.OBJECTIVE: To summarize the commonly used tissue engineered heart valve, and to evaluate the reliability of different types of heart valve biomaterials.METHODS: Using "biological materials, heart valve, scaffolds, reviews, tissue engineering" in Chinese as the key words, a computer retrieval was performed for articles published from January 2000 to December 2010. Articles regarding the biomaterials in tissue engineered heart valve were included; the duplicated research or meta-analysis were excluded.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 20 papers about the biomaterials and tissue engineering heart valve were screened out. Due to the superior biocompatibility and three-dimensional conformation, natural scaffold materials exhibit unparalleled bionic property compared with other materials. Synthetic biodegradable polymer materials with good mechanical properties and controllability has thus been highly favored by researchers, while the composite scaffold materials of natural materials and polymer materials provides a new strategy and direction for the investigations of tissue engineered heart valve, and has broad application prospects.

Objective To investigate the synthesis of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) induced by norepinephrine preconditioning on donor heart and its effects on myocardial cell apoptosis and apoptosis related proteins. Methods 18 Wistar rats were random divided into 2 groups, with 9 in each group. The rats in the control group were intraperitoneally injected with 0.5 ml saline. After 24 hours, hearts were isolated and stored with histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate (HTK) solution at 4 ℃ for 3 hours to establish Langendorff isolated heart models, and then isolated hearts were perfused by Langendorff model with Krebs-Hense leit (K-H) solution for 2 hours. The rats in the experimental group received intraperitoneally 3. 1 μmol/kg (0. 53 mg/kg) noradrenaline bitartrate that was dissolved in saline and hearts were isolated and stored after 24 hours. Followed process was the same as that in the control group. Myocardial HSP70, Bcl-2, Bax content, apoptosis index were measured, cell structures were observed under light and electron microscope.Results HSP70 in the experimental group were higher [(17.78 ± 1.82)%] than those in control group [(5.22 ± 1.05)%], and biochemical indicators in texperimental group[(41.88 ± 5.09)%, (22.61 ±3. 49 ) %] were better than those in control group [(31.36 ± 3. 27 ) %, ( 40. 52 ± 4. 1 7) %]. There were alleviated ultrastructure injures in experimental group compared with those in control group. Conclusions This study demonstrated that norepinephrine preconditioning could induce high expression of HSP70 and it could play a very important role during ischemia-reperfusion. It could protect the structure and function of myocytes in isolated rat hearts and inhibited myocardial apoptosis.

BACKGROUND: How to successfully obtain compact endothelium layers on smooth muscle cells is the most crucial part for the tissue-engineered vessels. OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of different cell implantation concentrations on the construction of the complete biological tissue-engineered blood vessels.METHODS: Different concentrations of porcine vascular smooth muscle cells (5×105, 5×107 cells/L) were implanted on the porcine acellular vascular matrix to culture for 3 days. Then different concentrations of endothelial progenitor cells (5×105, 5×107 cells/L) were implanted on the smooth muscle cell-vascular matrix composite to construct lamellar complete biological tissue-engineered blood vessels.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The growth curves of high concentrations of smooth muscle cells on the acellular vascular matrix were similar to that of low concentrations. Moreover, the growth curves of cells implanted in the culture plates were similar to that implanted on the acellular matrix. However, cells in the low concentration groups have relatively low proliferation activity and low coverage rate. The cell coverage rate decreased as follows: high concentrations of endothelial progenitor cells+acellular matrix containing high concentrations of smooth muscle cells > high concentrations of endothelial progenitor cells+acellular matrix containing low concentrations of smooth muscle cells > low concentrations of endothelial progenitor cells+acellular matrix containing high concentrations of smooth muscle cells > low concentrations of endothelial progenitor cells+acellular matrix containing low concentrations of smooth muscle cells. Moreover, high concentrations of endothelial progenitor cells form relatively compact layers on the acellular matrix and show cobble-like growth. These findings indicate that an increase in the cell implantation concentrations is beneficial to the rapid formation of compact cell layers on the material surface.

Objective To study the curative effect of continuous veno-venous hemodiafiltration(CVVH)in patients with acute renal failure(ARF)after aortic dissection surgery. Methods Fifteen patients with renal dysfunction following aortic dissection surgery underwent CVVH from Feb. 2002 to Dec. 2009 in this study.The clinical data of these patients were collected,such as heart rate(HR),central vein pressure(CVP),mean artery blood pressure(MAP),PaO2,renal function,perioperative manifestations and outcomes. Results Eleven patients survived but 4 died during the course of treatment. There were significant decreases of BUN,Creatinin after CVVH (P ＜ 0. 05)treatment,and the urine volume returned to nomal after CVVH in 6 -40 days. Conclusions CVVH is an effective,convenient and safe treatment for patients with severely ARF following aortic dissection surgery.

Objective To investigate the level of vitamin D in patients with membranous nephropathy and its correlation with proteinuria. Methods Eighty patients with membranous nephropathy were selected from May 2012 to May 2017 in the Department of Nephrology,Shijiazhuang First Hospital. They were divided into two groups with 40 cases in each group. The control group was given prednisolone acetate orally,while the study group was given prednisolone acetate and active vitamin D orally. All patients were followed up for 1 year. Blood urea nitrogen ( BUN), serum creatinine ( Scr), C-reactive protein ( CRP ), cholesterol (TC),triglyceride (TG),calcium (Ca),phosphorus (P),parathyroid hormone (PTH),urinary protein,1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 ( 1, 25 ( OH) 2D3) and transforming growth factor-beta ( TG) were measured monthly. F-beta 1 ) and other related biochemical indicators were recorded. Results Before treatment,the level of 1,25(OH) 2D3 in the control group was (3. 67+3. 67) μg／L,while that in the study group was (3. 69+3. 70) μg／L. There was no significant difference ( t＝1. 259,P＞0. 05) . One year after treatment,the level of 1,25(OH) 2D3 in the control group was (4. 87+2. 92) μg／L,while that in the study group was (19. 58+12. 12) μg／L,which was significantly higher in the study group than in the control group (t＝12. 384,P＜0. 05). Serum 1,25 (OH) 2D3 levels were positively correlated with blood calcium,plasma albumin,podocyte and TGF-β1 (r＝0. 301,0. 387,0. 342 and 0. 181,respectively,P＜0. 05); serum 1,25 ( OH) 2D3 levels were negatively correlated with blood phosphorus content,total cholesterol and 24 h urinary protein quantity (r value was －0. 265,－0. 033 and －0. 265,respectively,P＜0. 05) . Serum albumin was an independent factor of serum 1, 25 ( OH ) 2D3 ( P＜0. 05 ) . Conclusion The serum albumin is an independent risk factor for 1, 25 ( OH ) 2D3 in patients with membranous nephropathy. Vitamin D is negatively correlated with proteinuria. Active vitamin D has a better effect on proteinuria in patients with membranous nephropathy.

TSCI have dyskinesia and sensory disturbance that can cause various life-threaten complications. The patients with traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI), seriously affecting the quality of life of patients. Based on the epidemiology of TSCI and domestic and foreign literatures as well as expert investigations, this expert consensus reviews the definition, injury classification, rehabilitation assessment, rehabilitation strategies and rehabilitation measures of TSCI so as to provide early standardized rehabilitation treatment methods for TSCI.