In the past few decades, some studies reported that changing the specific surface properties of titanium implants, such as surface morphology, surface chemistry, surface charge and wettability, improved the bone bonding ability of titanium implants. Based on the existing evidence, this review paper analyzes the methods and characteristics of surface chemical modification of the superhydrophilic implants (Thommen INICELL?) that were listed in China in recent years, and clarifies the process of early osseointegration from the viewpoint of histomorphology, and evaluates its clinical application effects.

Dura mater, rich in vasculature and immune cells, is the outermost layer of the central nervous system, and thus acts as the first barrier to protect brain. Meningeal lymphatic vessels and immune cells are main components of dural immunity, which respond to a variety of central nervous system diseases. Meanwhile, compared with brain parenchyma, dura mater communicates more with peripheral tissues and is more susceptible to medical interventions. Therefore, dura mater is a promising target to prevent, diagnose and treat intracranial diseases. Here dural immunity is clarified based on meningeal lymphatic vessels and dural immune cells, and current researches inquiring the role of dural immunity in infectious and immune diseases of central nervous system are summarized.

Tuberculous meningitis is a central nervous system infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Its clinical manifestations are nonspecific, and effective pathogenic diagnostic methods are lacking, which often lead to delayed diagnosis and treatment, impacting the prognosis of patients. Therefore, early and rapid etiological diagnosis is crucial for the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculous meningitis. This article provides a review of novel detection technologies developed in recent years that can be used for the diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis, covering nucleic acid detection methods, metabolomics, and proteomics, and offering prospects for future development.