In the past few decades, some studies reported that changing the specific surface properties of titanium implants, such as surface morphology, surface chemistry, surface charge and wettability, improved the bone bonding ability of titanium implants. Based on the existing evidence, this review paper analyzes the methods and characteristics of surface chemical modification of the superhydrophilic implants (Thommen INICELL?) that were listed in China in recent years, and clarifies the process of early osseointegration from the viewpoint of histomorphology, and evaluates its clinical application effects.

Dura mater, rich in vasculature and immune cells, is the outermost layer of the central nervous system, and thus acts as the first barrier to protect brain. Meningeal lymphatic vessels and immune cells are main components of dural immunity, which respond to a variety of central nervous system diseases. Meanwhile, compared with brain parenchyma, dura mater communicates more with peripheral tissues and is more susceptible to medical interventions. Therefore, dura mater is a promising target to prevent, diagnose and treat intracranial diseases. Here dural immunity is clarified based on meningeal lymphatic vessels and dural immune cells, and current researches inquiring the role of dural immunity in infectious and immune diseases of central nervous system are summarized.

Tuberculous meningitis is a central nervous system infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Its clinical manifestations are nonspecific, and effective pathogenic diagnostic methods are lacking, which often lead to delayed diagnosis and treatment, impacting the prognosis of patients. Therefore, early and rapid etiological diagnosis is crucial for the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculous meningitis. This article provides a review of novel detection technologies developed in recent years that can be used for the diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis, covering nucleic acid detection methods, metabolomics, and proteomics, and offering prospects for future development.

Objective:To study the clinical effect of early loading restoration a superhydrophilic implant after 1 year, so as to provide reference evidence for clinical practice.Methods:A total of 41 patients with dental defects, including 20 males and 21 females [age (52.3±13.1) years old], were enrolled in the Department of VIP, Hangzhou Dental Hospital (Pinghai Hospital) from July 2017 to January 2019. A total of 74 superhydrophilic implants were implanted, including 27 maxillary implants and 47 mandiolar implants. All patients without bone augmentation or soft tissue transplantation, the maxilla was taken impression 4 weeks after implant implantation, with 6 weeks of loading, the mandible was taken impression 2 weeks after implant implantation, with 4 weeks of loading. The stability of the implant was measured by resonance frequency analyzer before implant implantation, impression and loading. Periapical radiograph were taken immediately after mold removal, immediately after loading and reexamination 1 year after loading, to measure and record the changes in the bone level of the mesial and distal margins of the implant.Results:No biological complications occurred in all implants before loading restoration, and the implant survival rate was 100%(74/74). In 2 cases, the implant stability quotient (ISQ) value of the implant at the mandibular site was lower than 65 at 2 weeks after surgery, and the restoration was delayed. The ISQ values of the other 72 implants at the time of implantation (75.22±4.32) were not significantly different from those at the time of modeling (75.13±4.23) ( P>0.05), but the ISQ values at the moment of weight loading (76.46±3.73) were significantly higher than those at modeling ( P<0.05). All the early loading implants were reviewed 1 year after early loading, and none of them were loose or fell off, and the implant survival rate was 100%(72/72). X-ray measurement and evaluation showed that after 1 year of early loading restoration, the mean marginal bone absorption of 72 implants was (0.18±0.06) mm, among which the mandibular was (0.17±0.06) mm and the maxillary was (0.19±0.06) mm, showing no statistical difference ( P>0.05). After 1 year of early loading restoration, the mean marginal bone absorption of 72 implants was (0.17±0.05) mm, including (0.17±0.06) mm for mandibular and (0.16±0.05) mm for maxillary, showing no statistical difference ( P>0.05). Conclusions:In the limited scope of this clinical study, it has been proved that early loading of superhydrophilic implant is a safe and feasible treatment scheme, and the bone resorption at the implant edge after long-term early loading restoration needs further follow-up study.