Objective To assess patients' self-management behaviors and examine factors influencing self-management behaviors in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis.Methods This research was conducted as a descriptive survey by 125 patients from a hemodialysis clinic in Tianjin.The data were collected with self-management behaviors questionnaire of hemodialysis patients and self-efficacy scale for managing chronic disease.Results Regression analysis revealed sex,educational level and selfefficacy were independent predictors for self-management behaviors.Conclusions Hemodialysis patients' self-management behaviors need to be improved in the future.Healthcare professionals should recognize the factors hindering self-management behaviors from the patients' perspective while assisting them with appropriate skills in making behaviors changes possible.

Objective:To compare the bonding strength of 3M Adper Easy One(3AEO),Clearfil S3 Bond(CSB)and Super-Bond C&B(SBCB)in vertical tooth fracture mode.Methods:30 freshly extracted human molars were randomly assigned to three groups(n =10).The teeth were cut along the long axis with low speed cutting machine and were prepared into a unified model of the vertical tooth fracture.The three adhesives were respectively used to adjoin the surface of the fractured teeth.The samples were subjected to thermal cycling for 500 cycles,stored in distilled water at 37 ℃ for 24 h.Then the pillar-like specimens with the bonding area of 1.0 mm × 1.0 mm were prepared.The microtensile bond strength was measured and the fracture mode was observed.Results:The bond strength (MPa)of 3AEO,CSB and SBCB was 18.57 ±4.98,16.93 ±4.70 and 22.75 ±5.18 respectively(P <0.05).The fracture mode was mainly interficial failure in all groups(P >0.05).Conclusion:The surface bonding of Super-Bond C&B in tooth fracture is stronger than 3MAdper Easy One and Clearfil S3 Bond.

Objective To improve hand hygiene compliance among healthcare workers (HCWs)in a stomatological hos-pital,and effectively reduce healthcare-associated infection(HAI)rate.Methods According to WHO hand hygiene guide-line and implementation scheme of hand hygiene,a systemic and step by step hand hygiene promotion plan was formulated, the plan was divided into five steps:full alert,baseline investigation,improvement,tracking,and retrospective analysis. Hand hygiene compliance among HCWs before and after the promotion of activities was analyzed and compared. Results Through hand hygiene promotion activities,the questionnaires showed that average score of knowledge about hand hygiene among HCWs enhanced from 58.33 to 77.40 (increased by 32.69%);the average hand hygiene compliance rate increased from 24.28%(59/243)to 49.81%(133/267),the difference was significant(χ2 =35.331,P =0.000);hand hy-giene status at five moments for hand hygiene improved markedly.Conclusion Hand hygiene promotion has a significant in-fluence in hand hygiene among HCWs in this stomatological hospital.

Objective To quantify the heart and liver iron overload in thalassemia patients and discuss the relationship of iron deposition between them,and to evaluate the accuracy of using hepatic iron concentration ＞ 15 mg/g dry tissue as an index to predict heart iron deposition as used in clinical practice.Methods One hundred and three transfusion-dependent patients with thalassemia,who were older than 5 years,underwent MRI heart and liver measurement to obtain T2 * values.The Spearman rank correlation was employed to analyze the relationship between cardiac T2 * and liver T2 * values.By using liver T2 * =0.96 ms as standard setting,patients were divided into two groups,and the differences of cardiac T2 * values between the two groups were compared by Wilcoxon rank sum test.Then by using cardiac T2 * =10,20 ms as standard setting,patients were divided into 3 groups,and the differences of liver T2 * values among the 3 groups were compared by Wilcoxon rank sum test.The ROC curves were drawn to predict the possibility of using hepatic iron concentration ＞ 15 mg/g dry tissue as an index of cardiac iron deposition.Results The cardiac and liver T2 * values of the 103 thalassemia patients showed low correlation(r =0.453,P =0.000).With the liver T2 * value reduced,the cardiac T2* value did not decline proportionally.The cardiac T2 * value range and median of 25 patients' group whose liver T2 * ＜ 0.96 ms were 4.70 to 41.70 ms and 12.10 ms,respectively.The cardiac T2 * value range and the median of 78 patients' group whose liver T2 * ＞ 0.96 ms were 4.80 to 51.10 ms and 26.10 ms,respectively.There was statistically significant difference between those of the two groups(Z =-3.566,P =0.000).The liver T2 * value range and the median of 20 patients'group whose cardiac T2 * ＜ 10 ms was 0.68 to 3.83 ms and 1.06 ms,respectively.The liver T2 * value range and the median of 58 patients' group whose cardiac T2 * ≥20 ms were 0.74 to 14.80 ms and 1.76 ms,respectively.There was statistical difference between those of the two groups(Z =-3.553,P =0.000).The liver T2 * value range and the median of 25 patients' group with cardiac 10 ms≤T2 * ＜20 ms were 0.69 to 13.59 ms and 0.99 ms,respectively.The values were significantly different from that of T2* ≥20 ms group(Z =-3.951,P =0.000).The liver T2 * values of cardiac T2* ＜ 10 ms group was not statistically different from that of 10 ms≤T2* ＜20 ms group(Z =-0.046,P =0.964).To predict cardiac iron deposition with the index of hepatic iron concentration ＞ 15 mg/g dry tissue,the area under the ROC curve was 0.771.The sensibility was 42.2％,the specificity was 89.7％.Conclusions There is low correlation between heart and liver iron level in thalassemia patients with long-term transfusions.Patients with hepatic iron concentration ＞ 15 mg/g dry tissue have a higher incidence of heart iron deposition,but the accuracy of using hepatic iron concentration as an index to predict myocardial iron deposition is low to moderate.

Objective To study the influence of swimming training for different periods on rat liver function, and to evaluate the quality of exercise-induced fatigue rat model established by swimming training for different periods. Methods Forty SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups, namely blank group, and 7-, 14-, 21-and 28-day exercise groups, 8 rats in each group. Rats in the blank group were fed with normal diet, but were not given exercise training. The other groups were given exercise training for 7, 14, 21 and 28 days respectively, two times a day, 15 minutes every time and with 10-minute resting interval between the two times. At the last day of the experiment, all rats were executed by neck dislocation for the sampling of blood and liver tissues, and then the serum contents of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were determined. And the contents of total anti-oxidization capacity (T-AOC), malondialdehyde (MDA), lactic acid (LA), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and glucose (Glu) in liver tissues were also examined. Results Compared with the blank group, the contents of ALT and AST were increased in 7-, 14-, 21-, and 28-day exercise groups, especially in 21-and 28-day exercise groups (P<0.01) . The contents of T-AOC and MDA were increased in 7-, 14-, 21-, and 28-day exercise groups (P<0.01), the effects on T-AOC in the 21-and 28-day exercise groups and on MDA in the 28-day exercise group being more obvious (P<0.05 or P<0.01) . The LA content and LDH activity were increased and the glycogen was decreased in the liver tissues of 7-, 14-, 21-, and 28-day exercise groups, and the increase of LA content in 21- and 28-day exercise groups and that of LDH activity in 28-day exercise groups were more significant ( P<0.05 or P<0.01). The hepatic glycogen content in 14-, 21-, and 28-day exercise groups were lower than that in the other groups (P<0.01). Conclusion With hepatic function injury in exercise-induced fatigue as the criteria, the exercise-induced fatigue rat model has been successfully established in this study, and the model established by swimming training for 21 and 28 days is more steady.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged, 80 and over ; Arthrogryposis ; genetics ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pedigree

Adult ; Brachydactyly ; genetics ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Female ; Fingers ; abnormalities ; Humans ; Male ; Pedigree

Adult ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Keratoderma, Palmoplantar ; genetics ; pathology ; Male ; Pedigree

Objective To analyze the mechanism of Xueshuantong injection combined with in-travenous thrombolysis with alteplase in the treatment of patients with acute cerebral infarction(ACI)based on the high mobility group protein B1(HMGB1)/Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)signaling path-way.Methods A total of 106 ACI patients were randomly divided into control group(n=53)and study group(n=53).The control group received intravenous thrombolysis with alteplase,while the study group received Xueshuantong injection treatment on the basis of the control group.Clinical efficacy and adverse reactions,the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS)scores before treatment and on the 7th and 14th day after treatment,the expression levels of HMGB1 mRNA and TLR4 mRNA in mononuclear cells of peripheral blood before and after treatment as well as the protein con-tents of HMGB1 and TLR4 in serum,and the levels of inflammatory factors[interleukin-6(IL-6),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)]before and after treatment were compared between two groups.Pearson test and Spearman test were used to analyze the correlations of the expression levels of HMGB1 mRNA and TLR4 mRNA in mononuclear cells of peripheral blood and the protein contents of HMGB1 and TLR4 in serum with the NIHSS score and the total effective rate in patients with ACI.Results The NIHSS score of the study group was significantly lower than that of the control group at 7 and 14 days after treatment(P＜0.05);after treatment,the expression levels of HMGB1 mRNA and TLR4 mRNA in both groups decreased significantly when compared to those before treat-ment,and the expression levels of HMGB1 mRNA and TLR4 mRNA in the study group were signifi-cantly lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05);after treatment,the serum protein contents of HMGB1 and TLR4 in both groups decreased significantly when compared to those before treat-ment,and the serum protein contents of HMGB1 and TLR4 in the study group were significantly lower than those in thecontrol group(P＜0.05);after treatment,the levels of serum TNF-α and IL-6 in both groups decreased significantly when compared to those before treatment,and serum TNF-α and IL-6 levels in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05).The total effective rate was 75.47％in the control group and 94.34％in the study group,and there was a significant difference between two groups(P＜0.05);the total incidence of adverse reactions was 9.43％in the control group and 15.09％in the study group,and there was no significant difference between two groups(P＞0.05).Pearson test showed that the expression levels of HMGB1 mRNAand TLR4 mRNA in mononuclear cells of peripheral blood and the serum protein contents of HMGB1 and TLR4 in ACI patients were positively correlated with NIHSS score(r=0.431,0.443,0.396,0.375,P＜0.001);Spearman test showed that the expression levels of HMGB1 mRNA and TLR4 mRNA in mononuclear cells of peripheral blood and the serum protein contents of HMGB1 and TLR4 in ACI patients were negatively correlated with the total effective rate of treatment(r=-0.536,-0.481,-0.475,-0.506,P＜0.001).Conclusion Combination of Xueshuantong injection and intravenous thrombolysis with alteplase can effectively improve the neurological function of patients with ACI and reduce the level of inflammation in the body,and the therapeutic mechanism may be related to downregulation of the HMGB1/TLR4 signaling pathway.

Objective To analyze the mechanism of Xueshuantong injection combined with in-travenous thrombolysis with alteplase in the treatment of patients with acute cerebral infarction(ACI)based on the high mobility group protein B1(HMGB1)/Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)signaling path-way.Methods A total of 106 ACI patients were randomly divided into control group(n=53)and study group(n=53).The control group received intravenous thrombolysis with alteplase,while the study group received Xueshuantong injection treatment on the basis of the control group.Clinical efficacy and adverse reactions,the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS)scores before treatment and on the 7th and 14th day after treatment,the expression levels of HMGB1 mRNA and TLR4 mRNA in mononuclear cells of peripheral blood before and after treatment as well as the protein con-tents of HMGB1 and TLR4 in serum,and the levels of inflammatory factors[interleukin-6(IL-6),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)]before and after treatment were compared between two groups.Pearson test and Spearman test were used to analyze the correlations of the expression levels of HMGB1 mRNA and TLR4 mRNA in mononuclear cells of peripheral blood and the protein contents of HMGB1 and TLR4 in serum with the NIHSS score and the total effective rate in patients with ACI.Results The NIHSS score of the study group was significantly lower than that of the control group at 7 and 14 days after treatment(P＜0.05);after treatment,the expression levels of HMGB1 mRNA and TLR4 mRNA in both groups decreased significantly when compared to those before treat-ment,and the expression levels of HMGB1 mRNA and TLR4 mRNA in the study group were signifi-cantly lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05);after treatment,the serum protein contents of HMGB1 and TLR4 in both groups decreased significantly when compared to those before treat-ment,and the serum protein contents of HMGB1 and TLR4 in the study group were significantly lower than those in thecontrol group(P＜0.05);after treatment,the levels of serum TNF-α and IL-6 in both groups decreased significantly when compared to those before treatment,and serum TNF-α and IL-6 levels in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05).The total effective rate was 75.47％in the control group and 94.34％in the study group,and there was a significant difference between two groups(P＜0.05);the total incidence of adverse reactions was 9.43％in the control group and 15.09％in the study group,and there was no significant difference between two groups(P＞0.05).Pearson test showed that the expression levels of HMGB1 mRNAand TLR4 mRNA in mononuclear cells of peripheral blood and the serum protein contents of HMGB1 and TLR4 in ACI patients were positively correlated with NIHSS score(r=0.431,0.443,0.396,0.375,P＜0.001);Spearman test showed that the expression levels of HMGB1 mRNA and TLR4 mRNA in mononuclear cells of peripheral blood and the serum protein contents of HMGB1 and TLR4 in ACI patients were negatively correlated with the total effective rate of treatment(r=-0.536,-0.481,-0.475,-0.506,P＜0.001).Conclusion Combination of Xueshuantong injection and intravenous thrombolysis with alteplase can effectively improve the neurological function of patients with ACI and reduce the level of inflammation in the body,and the therapeutic mechanism may be related to downregulation of the HMGB1/TLR4 signaling pathway.