Both indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) and immunoenzymatic staining technique(IEST) were used as methods for the comparable detections of 200 cases of patients with schistosomiasis japonica and 100 healthy individuals. The average positive rate in schistosomiasis cases is 99% with both tests, while the false positive rate in healthy individuals is 5% with the former and 3% with the latter. When 322 cases of other parasitic infections and patients with medical diseases were tested by IFAT and IEST, cross-reaction was observed only in clon-orchiasis, fasciolopsiasis and paragonimiasis, 4-6% with IFAT and 0-4% with IEST respectively. 87.6-93.7% showed negative reaction to both tests in schistosomiasis patients during different stages after treatment. It is considered that IFAT and IEST are effective means of serological diagnosis of schistosomiasis japonica, while IEST can be applied suitably in tbe fields for practical purposes.

Thyroid glands from 80 human fetuses, 7～31 weeks in gestational age were obtained to study the morphological development of thyroid glands by histochemical, immunohistochemical and TEM techniques. During 7～8.5 weeks the glands composed mostly of epithelial cell cords and abundant glycogen were seen in the cytoplasm of the cells. Some follicles and small accumulations of colloid in the center of the follicles appeared at 12～12.5 weeks and less glycogen was found in the cells. C cells were distributed mainly in the posterior region of the upper pole of both lobes, they usaually occurred singly or in small groups. During intrauterine life, C cells occupied three positions. They are found between follicular cells, between follicular cell and basement membrane and between follicles. But they are situated predominantly in the follicular wall. Three morphological variants were found in the human fetal C cells: (1) spherical or oval cells, (2) polygonal or pyramidal cells (3) cells with a cytoplasmic process. Developing C cells seem to have few secretory granules by TEM and argyrophilic reaction in semithin sections.

Objective To investigate the selection of flaps for the reconstruction of facial skin defects.Methods A total of 40 patients with facial skin defects were treated from February 2011 to February 2015 in our hospital,and they were given different surgery methods ac-cording to the different facial skin defect sizes.Minor defects were primarily treated by direct suturing;medium-sized defects were treated by local skin flap transposition or island skin flap;and larger defects were treated by expanded skin flap.Results All patients were followed up for 1 to 2 years.All the flaps survived with good color and texture match.All the scars healed well which were almost invisible.There was no obvious deformity in the donor and recipient sites.In addition,there was no lesion recurred.Conclusion Select suitable flaps for the recon-struction of facial skin defects according to the face defect area could get reliable blood supply of the flap,inapparent incision scar and a high level of satisfaction.

0.05),the content ratio of glutamate to gamma-aminobutyric acid in the hippocampus of the dependent rats was lower than that in the control group(P

This article deals with the diagnostic values of IFAT and IEST in human filariasis with both frozen sections of Brugia malayi and Setaria cervi adult worms as antigens. The average positive and the false positive rates of IFAT with two antigens were 84.9-97.1%(45/53-102/105)and 2.9-9.7%(1/35-3/31) respectively, while no cross-reaction was observed in subjects infected with ascaris or hookworm. The average positive and the false positive rates of IEST with two antigens were 94.3-94.9% (99/105-56/59) and 0-2.9% (0/35-l/35) respectively. Both IFAT and IEST with two antigens for the diagnosis of human filariasis were considered to be of higher sensitivity and specificity, frozen sections of adult Setaria cervi being more economical and effective.

Background and purpose:Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Approximately 15%of all histological types consist of small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Chemotherapy is one of the major treatment methods. Though the current front-line standard chemotherapy regimen for SCLC is active in most SCLC cases, however, the disease recurs shortly after the ifrst successful treatment with multi-drug resistance phenotype. Our previously study showed that zinc ifnger protein X-linked (ZFX) was overexpressed in SCLC cells. This study aimed to investigate the expression of ZFX in SCLC tissues, and to clear their possible associations with clinical parameters and provide basis for therapy of SCLC. Methods:A total of 98 surgical specimens of small cell lung cancer were collected. The expression of ZFX was examined by quantiifcational real-time polymerase chain reaction in 78 specimens taken from patients with complete clinical data. Results:The expression of ZFX was signiifcantly increased in extensive stages than in limited stages. The expression of ZFX was associated with tumor stage, the sensitivity of chemotherapy, and survival times (all P<0.05), no data was found correlated with gender and ages (P>0.05). Conclusion: ZFX expression might be associated with the development of SCLC, and may be a potential prognosis predictor.

IEST, DGS-COPT and CV-COPT using lyophilized ova of schistosoma japonicum were performed on sera from 120 cases of schistosomiasis japonica, 120 cases of schis-tosomiasis japonica 3-8 years after being cured with praziquantel and 120 healthy individuals by single-blind method. The sensitivity and specificity of IEST was 91.7% and 95.8% respectively which were significantly higher than that of both DGS-COPT and CV-COPT. The negative conversion rate of cured patients was 70.8% with IEST, 80.8% with DGS-COPT and 81.7% with CV-COPT. The results showed that IEST has higher diagnostic value for schistosomiasis than both COPT. DGS-COPT has the same diagnostic value as CV-COPT, however, it was easy to perform and time-saving, thus it might be applied in the fields for practical purposes.

Recently,the incidence of chronic disease has been increasing rapidly every year,which contributes to heavy burdens on society. Chronic disease management（CDM）has become an effective solution. At present,CDM in China is still at an early age,without a widely accepted and efficient model for lack of theoretic and practical support. By analyzing and comparing CDM models in China and abroad,we summarizes that CDM in China needs to be guaranteed by government and law,strengthened by the construction of medical team,promoted by an integrated service network,and implemented by hierarchical diagnosis and treatment of multi-departments.

Objective To investigate nursing students′ cultural ability of two Shanghai vocational colleges in order to provide the scientific basis of teaching methods and clinical practice for improving nursing students′cultural ability. Methods By adopting inventory for assessing the process of cultural competence among health care professionals revised ( IAPCC-R ) , 529 nursing students in two vocational colleges were investigated. Results The average score of nursing students′cultural competence was (65. 53 ± 6. 50), 91. 1%of the students were in general level; 8. 1% of the students were in high level, 0. 8% nursing students were without cultural competence, no one was found as a proficient person in this area. There was significant difference between students in different colleges (t=3. 714,P<0. 001); There was no significant difference among students in different grades (F=3. 714,P=0. 452). Conclusions Generally nursing students′ cultural ability in Shanghai was not high, so efforts are needed to increase the humanities curriculums in colleges and teaching staffs′culture ability as well as the examinations of cultural ability, which are very important for nursing students to provide professional humanistic care services for patients after they work in hospital as nurses.

Objective:To explore the effect of the enriched environment(EE)on pyroptosis in rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury(CIRI).Methods:45 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: a sham surgery(Sham)group, a cerebral ischemia-reperfusion(CIR)group and an enriched environment(EE)group, with 15 rats in each group.Except for the Sham group, the right middle cerebral artery occlusion model was established in the other two groups.After surgery, the EE group was fed in EE, and the other two groups were fed in standard environment.All the rats were assessed using the modified neurological severity score(mNSS)before modeling and on the 1st day, 7th day and 14th day following surgery.On the 14th day after surgery, 2, 3, 5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride(TTC)staining was used to evaluate the infarct volume, hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining was used to examine pathomorphological changes of the hippocampal CA1 region on the ischemic side of the rats in each group, immunohistochemical assay was used to detect the expression of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3)and cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-1(caspase-1)proteins in the CA1 region, and ultrastructural changes in neurons in the CA1 region were observed under transmission electron microscopy.Results:Compared with the Sham group, the mNSS scores of the CIR group and the EE group were significantly higher on the 1st day and 7th day after surgery( P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the CIR and EE groups( P>0.05). On the 14th day after surgery, compared with the CIR group, the EE group showed a decrease in the mNSS score and the cerebral infarct volume( P<0.05), alleviated pathomorphological changes, decreased expression of NLRP3 and caspase-1 proteins( P<0.05), and alleviated pathological changes of pyroptosis in the ultrastructure of neurons. Conclusions:EE can reduce the damage of neurological function, reduce the cerebral infarct volume, and play a protective role for the brain in CIRI rats.The mechanism may be related to the down-regulation of the expression of NLRP3 and caspase-1 proteins related to the classical pyroptosis pathway, leading to the inhibition of pyroptosis.