Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is a common disease of the knee joint, which affects the stability of the knee joint. As an emerging field, artificial intelligence (AI) has developed rapidly in the diagnosis and treatment of ACL injury in recent years, improving the accuracy and timeliness of the whole diagnosis and treatment process to improve the prognosis of ACL injury. This article reviews the research progress of AI in diagnosis of ACL injury, ACL reconstruction, prediction of postoperative outcomes, and postoperative rehabilitation. We hope this information may help surgeons to improve the success rate of AI in diagnosis and treatment of ACL injury and provide cutting-edge technical support to improve patient outcomes.

Schizophrenia is a common, severe, and complex psychiatric disorder worldwide. Genetic factors account for around 80% of the etiology of schizophrenia, yet objective diagnostic biomarkers remain lacking. This article reports two cases of female monozygotic twins diagnosed with schizophrenia, exhibiting a balanced translocation between 22q11.2 and 4p15.3. Reviewing the literature, we analyze and discuss the correlation between chromosomal balanced translocation regions and the pathogenesis of mental disorders. This aims to encourage psychiatrists to consider new perspectives on the diagnosis of schizophrenia.

Polygonatum sibiricum， as a traditional Chinese medicine with both medicinal and edible properties， has attracted considerable attention due to its functions of nourishing Yin and moistening the lungs， tonifying the spleen and benefiting Qi， and nourishing the kidneys and filling essence. Recent studies have demonstrated that Polygonatum sibiricum plays a significant role in regulating the immune system， effectively enhancing and improving the morphology and function of immune organs， stimulating the proliferation and activation of immune cells， and regulating the secretion and release of immune factors， thereby enhancing the immune function of the body and improving various immune-related diseases. Although a large number of studies have explored the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of P. sibiricum， there has been no systematic review and summary of its immune regulatory activity and mechanisms. Therefore， this article comprehensively reviews the research achievements of P. sibiricum polysaccharides and saponins in the field of immune regulation in recent years， and further sorts out the immune regulatory mechanisms of P. sibiricum in multiple aspects： including increasing the organ index of the spleen and thymus， increasing the number and activity of tumor-suppressive bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells， improving intestinal flora imbalance， regulating the quantity and proportion of T lymphocyte subsets， increasing the level of immunoglobulin， promoting the proliferation of macrophages， enhancing the activity of natural killer cells， increasing the number of white blood cells， and promoting the maturation of dendritic cells， providing a solid theoretical basis and scientific evidence for the research and application of P. sibiricum， and promoting its development and application in traditional Chinese medicine immune enhancers and various functional products.

BACKGROUND:The knee osteoarthritis,a major cause of disability in the elderly,is currently treated with surgical procedures including unicompartmental knee arthroplasty in end-stage patients,but the recovery of muscle strength in patients after unicompartmental knee arthroplasty is not well understood.OBJECTIVE:To analyze the short-term and medium-term knee isometric muscle strength characteristics of patients with unilateral knee osteoarthritis after unicompartmental knee arthroplasty,to compare with those of the unaffected side,and to analyze the recovery of muscle strength in the affected limb.METHODS:Patients undergoing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty in the Qingdao Municipal Hospital from June to December 2023 were recruited to undergo standardized functional rehabilitation exercises.The A8-2M multi-joint isokinetic training and testing system was used to detect the peak torque and the maximum one-repetition work of the extensor muscle of the unaffected side and the affected side of the knee joint at the angular velocity of 60(°)/s and the range of joint motion of 0°-90° before,1 and 3 months after surgery.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)At an angular velocity of 60(°)/s,the peak moment and maximum one-repetition work of the flexor and extensor muscles of the affected side were lower than those of the unaffected side preoperatively(P＜0.05).(2)The peak moment and maximum one-repetition work of the flexor and extensor muscles were significantly lower than those of the unaffected side 1 month postoperatively(P＜0.05).Meanwhile,the peak moment of the flexor and extensor muscles and the maximum one-repetition work of the flexor and extensor muscles on the affected side at 1 month postoperatively were significantly lower than those on the affected side preoperatively(P＜0.05).(3)The peak moment of the flexor and extensor muscles and the maximum one-repetition work of the flexor and extensor muscles on the affected side at 3 months postoperatively had no significant difference from those on the unaffected side.The peak flexor-extensor moment of the flexor-extensor muscles on the affected side was higher than that preoperatively(P＜0.05).(4)It is indicated that after unicompartmental knee arthroplasty,the muscle strength on the affected side is poor after 1 month after standard functional rehabilitation.However,after 3 months,there was no significant difference between the affected side and the unaffected side.

BACKGROUND:The knee osteoarthritis,a major cause of disability in the elderly,is currently treated with surgical procedures including unicompartmental knee arthroplasty in end-stage patients,but the recovery of muscle strength in patients after unicompartmental knee arthroplasty is not well understood.OBJECTIVE:To analyze the short-term and medium-term knee isometric muscle strength characteristics of patients with unilateral knee osteoarthritis after unicompartmental knee arthroplasty,to compare with those of the unaffected side,and to analyze the recovery of muscle strength in the affected limb.METHODS:Patients undergoing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty in the Qingdao Municipal Hospital from June to December 2023 were recruited to undergo standardized functional rehabilitation exercises.The A8-2M multi-joint isokinetic training and testing system was used to detect the peak torque and the maximum one-repetition work of the extensor muscle of the unaffected side and the affected side of the knee joint at the angular velocity of 60(°)/s and the range of joint motion of 0°-90° before,1 and 3 months after surgery.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)At an angular velocity of 60(°)/s,the peak moment and maximum one-repetition work of the flexor and extensor muscles of the affected side were lower than those of the unaffected side preoperatively(P＜0.05).(2)The peak moment and maximum one-repetition work of the flexor and extensor muscles were significantly lower than those of the unaffected side 1 month postoperatively(P＜0.05).Meanwhile,the peak moment of the flexor and extensor muscles and the maximum one-repetition work of the flexor and extensor muscles on the affected side at 1 month postoperatively were significantly lower than those on the affected side preoperatively(P＜0.05).(3)The peak moment of the flexor and extensor muscles and the maximum one-repetition work of the flexor and extensor muscles on the affected side at 3 months postoperatively had no significant difference from those on the unaffected side.The peak flexor-extensor moment of the flexor-extensor muscles on the affected side was higher than that preoperatively(P＜0.05).(4)It is indicated that after unicompartmental knee arthroplasty,the muscle strength on the affected side is poor after 1 month after standard functional rehabilitation.However,after 3 months,there was no significant difference between the affected side and the unaffected side.

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is a common disease of the knee joint, which affects the stability of the knee joint. As an emerging field, artificial intelligence (AI) has developed rapidly in the diagnosis and treatment of ACL injury in recent years, improving the accuracy and timeliness of the whole diagnosis and treatment process to improve the prognosis of ACL injury. This article reviews the research progress of AI in diagnosis of ACL injury, ACL reconstruction, prediction of postoperative outcomes, and postoperative rehabilitation. We hope this information may help surgeons to improve the success rate of AI in diagnosis and treatment of ACL injury and provide cutting-edge technical support to improve patient outcomes.

Schizophrenia is a common, severe, and complex psychiatric disorder worldwide. Genetic factors account for around 80% of the etiology of schizophrenia, yet objective diagnostic biomarkers remain lacking. This article reports two cases of female monozygotic twins diagnosed with schizophrenia, exhibiting a balanced translocation between 22q11.2 and 4p15.3. Reviewing the literature, we analyze and discuss the correlation between chromosomal balanced translocation regions and the pathogenesis of mental disorders. This aims to encourage psychiatrists to consider new perspectives on the diagnosis of schizophrenia.

Objective:To investigate the effect of modified citrus pectin (MCP) on the glucose metabolism of rabbit articular chondrocytes.Methods:The third generation (P3) rabbit knee chondrocytes were extracted and cultured with 0 μg/ml (MCP0, control group) and 500 μg/ml of MCP (MCP500) for 3 days. Chondrocytes (P2-P7)were cultured continuously, and each generation of chondrocytes was treated with MCP0 and MCP500 medium for 3 days. Chondrocytes were treated with interleukin-1β (IL-1β) for 1 day and then treated with MCP0 and MCP500 medium for 3 days, respectively. Chondrocytes were treated with 2-deoxy-glucose (2DG) for 1 day and then treated with MCP0 and MCP500 medium for 3 days, respectively. After three days of culture, the proliferation of chondrocytes was calculated by CCK-8. Glucose uptake activity and lactate production of chondrocytes were measured by glucose and lactate detection kits. The synthesis of type Ⅱ collagen (COL2A1) in sequential chondrocytes was investigated by immunofluorescence staining. The gene expression of COL2A1, proteoglycan ( ACAN), SOX9, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α ( HIF-1α), glucose transporter-1 ( Glut-1), pyruvate kinase M2 ( PKM2), lactate dehydrogenase-A ( LDHA) and glucose transporter-1 ( Glut-3) were further detected by RT-qPCR. Results:Compared with the control group, MCP treatment could increase the glucose uptake activity and lactate production of chondrocytes, and enhance the gene expression ability of HIF-1α, Glut-1, PKM2 and ACAN. Besides, MCP treatment could stimulate chondrocyte proliferation, maintain chondrocyte phenotype, increase lactate production, and upregulate the expression of COL2A1, ACAN, SOX9, HIF-1α, Glut-1, PKM2 and LDHA. After the treatment with IL-1β, MCP treatment could increase glucose uptake activity and upregulate the expression of COL2A1, ACAN, HIF-1α and Glut-1. After treatment with 2DG, MCP treatment could increase glucose uptake activity and upregulate the expression of SOX9, HIF-1α, PKM2 and Glut-3 genes. Conclusions:MCP can enhance the glucose uptake capacity of chondrocytes and increase the level of chondrocyte glycolytic metabolism.

Objective To investigate the immediate brain effect of acupuncture at Fengchi using amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation(ALFF)and functional connectivity by the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging(rs-fMRI)in patients with posterior circulation ischemia vertigo(PCIV).Methods Twenty patients with PCIV were enrolled.The dizziness handicap inventory(DHI)was used to evaluate the severity of vertigo.The patients were randomly divided into acupuncture group and sham acupoint acupuncture group.Rs-fMRI scan was performed before and after acupuncture.MATLAB-based DPABI 6.1 software was used to analyze rs-fMRI data.Correlation analysis was used between the altered ALFF values and DHI scores.The regions of altered ALFF were taken as seeds to analyze functional connectivity.Results Compared with the sham acupoint acupuncture group,the increased ALFF values were mainly located on the left precuneus,left superior frontal gyrus and left caudate nucleus after acupuncture in the acupuncture group;the decreased ALFF values were mainly located on the left cerebellum and right inferior occipital gyrus.The ALFF value of the left superior frontal gyrus was negatively correlated with the DHI score(P=0.04).The increased functional connectivity was mainly found between left precuneus and the right middle frontal gyrus,the right superior frontal gyrus,the decreased functional connectivity was mainly found between left precuneus and the bilateral paracentral lobule and right cerebellum.Conclusion The ALFF value and functional connectivity are different before and after acupuncture,indicating that the vestibular network,visual and motor brain regions functional activities are changed after needling at Fengchi,which may be the brain functional basis of Fengchi for vertigo in PCIV.

Background::Magnetic resonance (MR)-guided ultra-hypofractionated radiotherapy with whole-pelvic irradiation (UHF-WPRT) is a novel approach to radiotherapy for patients with high-risk (HR) and very high-risk (VHR) prostate cancer (PCa). However, the inherent complexity of adaptive UHF-WPRT might inevitably result in longer on-couch time. We aimed to estimate the delivered dose, study the feasibility and safety of adaptive UHF-WPRT on a 1.5-Tesla MR-Linac.Methods::Ten patients with clinical stage T3a-4N0-1M0-1c PCa, who consecutively received UHF-WPRT, were enrolled prospectively. The contours of the target and organ-at-risks on the position verification-MR (PV-MR), beam-on 3D-MR(Bn-MR), and post-MR (after radiotherapy delivery) were derived from the pre-MR data by deformable image registration. The physician then manually adjusted them, and dose recalculation was performed accordingly. GraphPad Prism 9 (GraphPad Prism Software Inc.) was utilized for conducting statistical analyses.Results::In total, we collected 188 MR scans (50 pre-MR, 50 PV-MR, 44 Bn-MR, and 44 post-MR scans). With median 59 min, the mean prostate clinical target volume (CTV)-V 100% was 98.59% ± 2.74%, and the mean pelvic CTVp-V 100% relative percentages of all scans was 99.60% ± 1.18%. The median V 29 Gy change in the rectal wall was -2% (-18% to 20%). With a median follow-up of 9 months, no patient had acute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) grade 2 or more severe genitourinary (GU) or gastrointestinal (GI) toxicities (0%). Conclusion::UHF-RT to the prostate and the whole pelvis with concomitant boost to positive nodes using an Adapt-To-Shape (ATS) workflow was technically feasible for patients with HR and VHR PCa, presenting only mild GU and GI toxicities. The estimated target dose during the beam-on phase was clinically acceptable based on the 3D-MR–based dosimetry analysis.Clinical trial registration::Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2000033382.