A lot of problems have turned up with the development of the urban employee's basic medical system. So we need to establish a set of scientific medical evaluation index system to weigh it. This article discusses the evaluation index of the medical insurance from the respects of fairness, efficiency and development.

BACKGROUND:Traditional bladder repair methods have many problems such as damage to normal organ function and many postoperative complications. Tissue engineering technology provides a new way for bladder repair.
OBJECTIVE:To explore the feasibility of constructing tissue-engineered bladder with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) nanoparticle-bacterial celulose (BC) composite scaffold with rabbit lingual epithelial cels andtonguemuscle cels.
METHODS:Rabbit lingual epithelial cels andmuscle cels were successively implanted onto the BC scaffold (control group) and VEGF-BC scaffold (experimental group). Six rabbits were taken to make bladder defect models and randomized into two groups: experimental group implanted with VEGF-BC scaffold carrying autologous lingual epithelial cels andtonguemuscle cels,and control group implanted with BC scaffold carrying autologous lingual epithelial cels andtonguemuscle cels. Specimens were taken from the two groups for urographic evaluation and histological examination at 3 months after implantation. Meanwhile, the urodynamic tests were performed.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The experimental group showed the relatively complete bladder, and the control group showed a smal-area filing defect of the bladder. The maximum bladder capacity and bladder compliance in both two groups were decreased after implantation, especialy significantly in the control group (P< 0.05). In the control group, it failed to build a complete epithelial cel layer, and the muscle layer and microvessels were formed a little. In the experimental group, the complete epithelial cel layer was formed, and a larger amount of muscle layers and capilaries appeared. These findings indicate that the VEGF-BC scaffold carrying lingual epithelial cels andtonguemuscle cels can be used to construct thetissue-engineered bladder.

Objective To perform anatomic study on percutaneous cannulated-screw fixation of symphysis pubis diastasis in human cadaveric pelvic specimens so as to provide a basis for clinical practice of the technique.Methods Fifteen adult pelvic cadaveric specimens were dissected to expose pubic symphysis,peripheral major vascular nerve,spermatic cord and round ligament of the uterus.Thickness of pubic symphysis and distance between the outer edge of pubic tubercle and spermatic funicle or round ligament of uterus were measured respectively.Distances were measured respectively from entry and exit points to the above-mentioned structures in the direction of guide pin.Entry depth and angles of guide pin with the coronal plane and cross section of the human body were measured.Surgery was simulated to prove the surgery effect through post-surgery filming and CT.Results Thickness of symphysis pubis was gradually reduced from up to down.Pubic tubercle part was the most thick and it could accommodate a 7.3 mm cannulated-screw.Entry and exit points of cannulated-screw were in certain distances with the important nervusvascularis and spematicfunicle (or round ligament of uterus) in the periphery,which were invulnerable to damages in the process of surgery.Proper lengths of cannulated screws were (73.6 ± 1.3) mm for males and (72.4 ± 1.7)mm for females (t =3.146,P ＜ 0.05).Screw thread was completely embedded in pubic tubercle.Angles of guide pin with coronal plane and cross section of human body were (7.3 ± 1.1) °and (6.4 ± 1.0) ° for males (6.9 ± 1.5) ° and (6.1 ± 0.6) ° for females.Radiography and CT findings confirmed that all pin tracks were in the bone substances with angle and length of screws staying within the scope of experiment.Conclusion Percutaneous cannulated screw fixation is reliable and safe for symphysis pubis diastasis.

Objective To compare the bone microstructure and osteoblast and osteoclast activity in different regions of osteonecrosis of the femoral head.Methods The osteonecrosis femoral heads were collected from 10 patients (Ficat Ⅳ) who had undergone total hip arthroplasty from March 2011 to May 2013.There were 6 males and 4 females.Their average age was 47.7 years old (range,40-57 years).The samples were divided into subchondral bone region,necrotic region,sclerosis region and healthy region according to radiographic results,then the bone microstructure,micro mechanism and osteoblasts/osteoclasts activity were analyzed byMicro-CT,RT-PCR,Nanoindentation,immunohistochemistry and Trap staining.Results According to the micro-CT results,the continuity of trabecular bone in necrotic region was damaged.The number of trabecular was increased and the gap was narrowed in sclerosis region.The shape and number of trabecular bone were normal in the healthy region.The elasticity moduli in different regions were:subchondral bone region 13.808±4.22 GPa,necrotic region 13.999±3.816 GPa,sclerosis region 17.266±3.533 GPa and healthy region 11.927±1.743 GPa.The hardness were subchondral bone region 0.425±0.173 GPa,necrotic region 0.331±0.173 GPa,sclerosis region 0.661±0.208 GPa,and healthy region 0.423±0.088 GPa.The trap staining of subchondral bone in healthy region and necrotic region were positive while other regions were negative.Immunohistochemistry staining showed that compared with necrotic region,the RANK and RANKL staining level increased significantly in subchondral bone and necrotic region,while Runx2 and BMP2 staining level increased significantly in sclerosis region.Conclusion The mechanical properties of trabecular have no significant difference between necrotic region and healthy region in the progress of the osteonecrosis,while the bone structure has obvious changes.An active bone resorption is observed in subchondral bone and necrotic region,while a higher bone formation activity is found in sclerosis region.

Objective To study the expression and the clinical significance of hypoxia-induced factor-1α (HIF-1α) in gallbladder cancer tissues,and the role and mechanism of HIF-1α in metformin-suppressed metastasis in gallbladder carcinoma GBC-SD cells.Methods 24 specimens of gallbladder cancer tissues and 5 specimens of chronic cholecystitis were collected from the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University between June 2016 and February 2017.Immunohistochemistry and qPCR were used to detect the expression of HIF-1α in gallbladder cancer tissues,in adjacent non-cancer tissues and in chronic cholecystitis,and the clinical significance was analyzed.The model of metastasis was induced by hypoxia;the wound healing assay and the Transwell assay were used to detect the ability of cell metastasis;the expressions of HIF-1α and VEGF in gallbladder carcinoma GBC-SD cells were detected by western blotting assay and immunofiuorescence.Results The expression of HIF-1α in gallbladder cancer tissues was higher than the adjacent non-cancer tissues and in chronic cholecystitis.The expression of HIF-1α was correlated with lymph node metastasis and TNM staging in gallbladder cancer tissues (P ＜ 0.05).The wound healing rate after 48 h in the negative control group and in the treatment with hypoxia group (1％ O2) in GBC-SD cells were (46.5 ± 4.8) ％ and (67.3 ± 4.0) ％,respectively.The Transwell data showed that the numbers of metastasis after 24 h in the negative control group and in the treatment with hypoxia group GBC-SD cells were (147.4 ± 11.7) and (234.4 ± 17.7),respectively.When compared with the negative control group,treatment with hypoxia significantly increased the ability of metastasis and up-regulated the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF in GBC-SD cells (P ＜ 0.05).The wound healing rate after 48 h in the negative control group,the metformin group,the hypoxia group and the metformin and hypoxia group in GBC-SD cells were (40.6 ± 7.1) ％,(16.4 ± 9.4) ％,(69.5 ± 4.0) ％ and (22.4 ± 7.4) ％,respectively.The Transwell data showed that the numbers of metastasis after 24 h in the negative control group,the metformin group,the hypoxia group and the metformin and hypoxia group in GBC-SD cells were (148.4 ± 6.9),(90.0 ± 8.4),(185.8 ± 10.2) and (113.4± 8.6),respectively.When comparcd with the hypoxia group,treatment with metformin and hypoxia significantly decreased the ability of metastasis and down-regulated the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF in GBC-SD cells (P ＜ 0.05).The wound healing rate after 48 h in the negative control group,the 2MeoE2 group,the hypoxia group,the 2MeoE2 and hypoxia group in GBC-SD cells were (43.4 ±4.4)％,(25.9 ±9.0)％,(63.3 ±2.2)％,(46.2 ±4.5)％,respectively.The Transwell data showed that the numbers of metastasis after 24 h in the negative control group,the 2MeoE2 group,the hypoxia group,the 2MeoE2 and hypoxia group in GBC-SD cells were (144.2 ± 12.6),(80.2 ±7.7),(203.8 ±7.0),(124.0 ± 5.2),respectively.When compared with the hypoxia group,treatment with HIF-1α inhibitor 2MeoE2 and hypoxia significantly decreased the ability of metastasis and down-regulated the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF in GBC-SD cells (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The expression of HIF-1 α was correlated with lymph node metastasis and TNM staging in gallbladder cancer tissues.Treatment with hypoxia significantly increased the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF and promoted metastasis of GBC-SD cells,while treatment with metformin decreased the ability of metastasis induced by hypoxia via inhibiting the HIF-1o/VEGF pathway in GBC-SD cells.

Bones are stained into red color with feeding madder, but we do not know whether the fed madder can change the bone biomechanical properties and bone mineral contents in animals. In this research, we established a rat model with feeding madder. The bone biomechanical properties were detected by universal material mechanics, bone mineral contents were detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and spectrometer, and red color material in bone was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. The results showed that bone biomechanical parameters in femur diaphysis in the 10% and 15% group rats were significantly higher than those in the control group after feeding madder for 6 months. The level of calcium, magnesium and zinc in femur diaphysis in 10% and 15% group rats were higher than those in the control group after feeding madder for 6 months. However, it was shown that the kidney congestion and hyperemia and the level of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine in the 15% group rats were significantly different compared to those in the control group rats after feeding madder for 6 months. The red colored material in bone is related to alizarin analyzed with high-performance liquid chromatography. The conclusion could be drawn that feeding 10% madder in diet was not toxic to the rats fed for 6 months, and it could improve bone biomechanical properties and increase bone mineral elements.
Animals ; Anthraquinones ; toxicity ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Bone Density ; Bone and Bones ; drug effects ; physiology ; Calcium ; Femur ; Magnesium ; Rats ; Zinc

Objective:To predict Th/B cell epitopes in HA of influenza virus(H1N1)and analyze antigenicity of the candidate epitopes in order to develop epitope-bacterin by the way of bioinformatics.Methods:The HA amino acid sequences of infiuenza virus(H1N1),which the viral infection was prevalent recently,were downloaded from Genbank.The Th/B cell epitopes were predicted and analyzed by bioinformatics methods.Then,specificity and conservation of the candidate epitopes were estimated.Finally,antigenicity of the candidate epitopes was identified by influenza virus(H1N1)positiVe serum samples of mice.Results:Three Th/B cell epitopes containing HA_(73-87),HA_(125-139),HA_(188-205) were acquired Two of the candidate epitopes were in a relatively conserved domain of HA1,and a deal of 2006-2009 influenza virus(H1N1)isolates contained the sequences.Moreover,the candidate epitopes were showedin a distinct antibody combining reactivity with the influenza virus (H1N1)positive serum of mice,which inferred the predicted epitopes to be functional ones.Conclusion:The selected epitopes are able to be functional HA Th/B cell epitopes of influenza virus(H1N1).Our study also establish the foundations for the further research of influenza virus infectlon and immunity mechanism,the recognition of influenza virus(H1N1)functional epitope and the development of epitope vaccines.

Objective:To predict Th/B cell epitopes in HA of influenza virus(H1N1) and analyze antigenicity of the candidate epitopes in order to develop epitope-bacterin by the way of bioinformatics.Methods:The HA amino acid sequences of influenza virus (H1N1),which the viral infection was prevalent recently,were downloaded from Genbank.The Th/B cell epitopes were predicted and analyzed by bioinformatics methods.Then,specificity and conservation of the candidate epitopes were estimated.Finally,antigenicity of the candidate epitopes was identified by influenza virus (H1N1) positive serum samples of mice.Results:Three Th/B cell epitopes containing HA73-87,HA125-139,HA188-205 were acquired.Two of the candidate epitopes were in a relatively conserved domain of HA1,and a deal of 2006-2009 influenza virus (H1N1) isolates contained the sequences.Moreover,the candidate epitopes were showedin a distinct antibody combining reactivity with the influenza virus (H1N1) positive serum of mice,which inferred the predicted epitopes to be functional ones.Conclusion:The selected epitopes are able to be functional HA Th/B cell epitopes of influenza virus (H1N1).Our study also establish the foundations for the further research of influenza virus infection and immunity mechanism,the recognition of influenza virus (H1N1) functional epitope and the development of epitope vaccines.

To further explore an efficient strategy for the construction of antitumor fluoroquinolone molecules from antibacterial fluoroquinolone drugs, twelve new title compounds, 1-ethyl-6-fluoro-7-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-3-(3-substituted-rhodanin-5-ylidene)methyl-quinolon-4(1H)-ones(6a-6l), was designed and synthesized with α, β-unsaturated ketone scaffold and a rhodanine ring as an isostere and fused modified group, respectively, from pefloxacin(1), and their structures were characterized by elemental analysis and spectral data. The in vitro anti-cell proliferative activity of the title compounds against the tested A549, Hep-3B and HL60 cancer cells exhibited more significant potency than parent 1. In particular, halogenated phenyl title compounds(6d, 6e, 6f)displayed a comparable activity to comparison doxorubicin against A549 cells and low cytotoxicity against normal Vero cells. Thus, a methylene rhodanine scaffold as a bioisostere of the C-3 carboxylic acid group have shown to be beneficial to improving the antitumor activity.

Objective: To explore the clinical efficacy of S-1 single agent adjuvant chemotherapy for the patients undergoing radical resection of extrahepatic biliary carcinoma. Methods: The clinical data of 108 patients with extrahepatic biliary carcinoma receiving radical resection who were admitted from January 2014 to June 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 62 males(57.4%)and 46 females(42.6%),with a median age of 59 years (range:26 to 79 years),10 cases(9.3%) in stage Ⅱ,85 cases(78.7%) in stage Ⅲ, and 13 cases (12.0%) in stage Ⅳ, 40 cases(37.0%) of hilar cholangiocarcinoma, 8 cases(7.4%) of middle cholangiocarcinoma, 25 cases (23.2%) of distal cholangiocarcinoma, 35 cases(32.4%) of gallbladder carcinoma.After radical resection of extrahepatic biliary carcinoma, 49 patients receiving S-1 single agent chemotherapy and 59 patients receiving non-special treatment were divided into the chemotherapy group and the operation group,respectively. All the dates of the patients were followed up and collected with the overall survival time,tumor-free survival time,1,2 and 3-year survival rate after operation,and the rate of major toxic reaction during chemotherapy of the chemotherapy group. Survival curve was drawn by the Kaplan-Meier method, and survival analysis was done using the Log-rank test. Results: There were no significant differences in the general date of two groups(sex, age, tumor size, tumor site, TNM stages, degree of differentiation). The median overall survival time and the median tumor-free survival time in the chemotherapy group were 27 months and 21 months,respectively,and in the operation group were 21 months and 17 months,respectively. There were differences between the two groups in the overall survival rates(χ²=3.967,P<0.05) and the 2 and 3-year survival rate(63.3%,36.6%;41.6%,20.4%;χ²=4.510,P<0.05;χ²=6.143,P<0.05),but the 1-year overall survival rate (83.4%,79.7%)was not statistically significant(χ²=0.286,P>0.05). There were no significant differences in the tumor-free survival time,1,2 and 3-year tumor-free survival rate(77.6%,41.4%,33.1%;62.7%,30.9%,21.2%)between the two groups(χ²=0.876,P>0.05;χ²=0.252,P>0.05;χ²=1.571,P>0.05;χ²=3.323,P>0.05,respectively). The main toxic reaction during chemotherapy were dyspepsia(28.6%, 14/49), anemia(26.5%, 13/49), and leukopenia(22.5%, 11/49), all of which were mild. Conclusion S-1 single agent chemotherapy after radical reseetion of extrahepatic biliary carcinoma could effectly improve the survival of patients and all of the main toxic reaction during chemotherapy were mild.