BACKGROUND: Recently, zirconia ceramic implants have been reported to be used in clinic. Increasing studies on surface treatment of ziconia implants have been done, in order to promote bone-implant osseointegration and increase the success rate of implantation. There are no recognized surface treatment techniques of zirconia implants as yet.OBJECTIVE: To summarize the research progress in surface treatment techniques of zirconia implants.METHODS: The first author searched the CNKI, PubMed and Web of Science databases for relevant articles published from January 2000 to October 2016. The keywords were zirconia or zirconium, implant, surface treatment in Chinese and English, respectively. The search condition was((zirconia or zirconium) AND implant) AND surface treatment. Here,we reviewed the surface treatment techniques of zirconia implants, and introduced the properties, the surface treatment techniques and commercialization of zirconia implants.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Totally 23 papers were included in result analysis. Commonly used surface treatment technologies of zirconia implants include sand blasting, acid etching, sandblast and acid-etching, selective filtration etching, laser, ultraviolet and coating. These technologies all contribute to improving the surface activity of the implant,increasing the roughness, and promoting bone bonding to a certain extent.Because of the very limited experiments,further investigations are required to explore the optimum technique for the surface treatment of zirconia implants.

OBJECTIVE:To detect the expression of genes of leukemia cell line K562 treated by artemisinin using the gene chip technology and to study the mechanism of artemisinin in the inhibition of leukemia cell line K562 on the molecular level. METHODS:K562 cells were treated with artemisinin for 24h,and then the morphological change of K562 cells were observed under invert microscope and fluorescence microscope. The cell cycle state was examined by flow cytometry analysis (FCM). Total RNA samples were extracted and reverse transcribed to cDNA. Cy3-labelled cDNA samples were hybridized with gene chips.The hybridization results were detected by Gene Pix 4100A. RESULTS: Under invert microscope,different degree of shrinkage of K562 cells was noted,karyoschisis was reduced,cell density was decreased and the numbers of drift cells were increased.Under fluorescence microscope,caryotin was highly concentrated,marginalized and agglomerated to relucent clump,i.e.apoptotic body. Flow cytometric analysis showed that ratio of cells in G2 phase increased markedly. Hybridization analysis showed down-regulation of cyclin D1,cdk4,cdk2,cdc2,DNA-PK,DNA-TopoI,mcl-1,erk,jnk and VEGF in the artemisinin-treated K562 cells.CONCLUSION: The mechanism for artemisinin to inhibit the proliferation of leukemia cell line K562 is related to its action to alter the gene expression of certain regulatory substances involved in cell cycle and induce apoptosis of leukemia cell line K562.

OBJECTIVE:To study the apoptosis of human leukemic cells induced by Dihydroartemisinin and its molecular mechanism.METHODS:Human leukemia K562 cells were treated by Dihydroartemisinin.The inhibitory effect on cell proliferation was assayed by MTT.Fluorescence microscopy was applied to observe the presence of apoptosis.The expression of caspase-3 was assayed with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Levels of mitochondrial and cytoplasmic cytochrome C were determined using Western blot.RESULTS:After treatment with Dihydroartemisinin for 48 hours,the IC50 values of human leukemia K562 cells were 8? 10-5mol? L-1 detected at a wavelength of 570nm by MTT.Distinct morphology changes of cell apoptosis such as karyopyknosis and conglomeration were observed by Hoechst33342/PI staining.RT-PCR assay showed the expression of Caspase-3.Western-blot detection showed the decrease of mitochondrial cytochrome C concentration but the positive expression of cytoplasmic cytochrome C concentration.CONCLUSION:Dihydroartemisinin could inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of human leakemic K562 cells,this may partially attributed to the promotion of the delivery of cyt-c and the activation of caspase-3.

BACKGROUND: Hedgehog signaling pathway is shown to contribute to the osteogenesis of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, and to play an important role in regulating the expression of RANKL in osteoblasts. Nowadays, the definite signal transduction pathway has been revealed gradually.OBJECTIVE: To review the research progress of RANKL in osteoblasts that regulated by hedgehog signaling pathway.METHODS: A computer-based online search in CNKI, Google Scholar and PubMed databases was performed with the key words of Hedgehog, osteoblast, BMSCs, PTHrP, CREB, NFAT, RANKL in English and Chinese, respectively.Literatures related to the expression of RANKL in osteoblasts that regulated by the Hedgehog signaling pathway were included initially and 37 eligible articles were extensively summarized for review.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The Hedgehog signaling pathway plays an advanced role in the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, and also upregulates intracellular parathyroid hormone related protein, which activates its downstream signaling molecules cAMP response element binding protein and nuclear factor of activated T cells ulteriorly, to promote the expression of RANKL in osteoblasts and increase the differentiation and formation from osteoclast precursor cells to mature osteoclasts.

Objective To observe the influence of exercises on the mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR-α) and its target genes of acyl-CoA oxidase (ACO),Enoyl-CoA-hydratase and 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA-dehydrogenase (EHHADH) in the skeletal muscles in insulin-resistance mice to develop a way to improve the lipid metabolism.Methods Twenty male ApoE knockout mice were randomly divided into two groups,the high-fat diet group (group HFD) and the exercise training group (group Ex).The HFD group were fed with highfat diet,while the Ex group were fed in the same way,with additionally swimming training.And ten healthy male C57BL/6j mice were chosen as the control group(group ND).After 12 weeks of intervention,the serum lipid,blood glucose and insulin levels were determined,and homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance index (Homa-IRI) was calculated.The bilateral gastrocnemiuses were cut to be observed under a transmission electron microscope,and the mRNA expression of PPAR-α,ACO and EHHADH in skeletal muscle were measured using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Results The transmission electron microscope showed that the sarcolemma edema,mitochondrial swelling,as well as focal myocytolysis and edema within myofibrils were observed in the HFD group.The total cholesterol,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,free fatty acid,fasting glucose,insulin and HomaIRI of the HFD group were significantly higher than the control group (P ＜ 0.05),while the mRNA expression of PPAR-α,ACO and EHHADH was significantly deceased than the latter(P ＜ 0.05).After swimming,the abovementioned pathological changes disappeared.The serum lipid of the Ex group were significantly lower (P ＜ 0.05),while HDL was significantly higher (P ＜ 0.05).And fasting insulin,glucose and HOMA-IR of the Ex group were significantly lower (P ＜ 0.05),while the mRNA expression of the above in the Ex group were significantly increased (P ＜0.05).Conclusion Swimming training could improve insulin resistance and metabolic disorder of lipid of ApoE knockout mice.The possible mechanisms may be through up-regulating the expression of PPAR-α,which in turn stimulates the expression of ACO and EHHADH mRNA to strengthen fatty acid β-oxidation.

Objective To investigate whether the implanted spike wave electrical stimulation (ES) can improve survival of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) after transplantation in spinal cord injury (SCI) rats. MethodsIn the study,60 male SD rats were used to prepare the SCI induced by a digital weight drop apparatus.The MSCs from each rat' s femurs were collected and then labeled by Bromodeoxyuridine (Brdu) seven days after SCI.The rats were randomly assigned into four groups,ie,group A (receiving a transplantation of MSCs only),group B (receiving electro-stimulant therapy only),group C ( receiving a transplation of MSCs and electro-stimulant therapy) and the control group ( receiving a single injection of phosphate buffer solution,PBS).Functional status was assessed regularly before and after SCI by using the Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) locomotor rating score and somatosensory evoked potential (SEP).The recovery of spinal cord was checked by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and the survivorship of the labeled MSCs was observed with immunohistochemical method. Results BBB score of group C demonstrated significant difference in comparison with that of the other three groups ( P ＜ 0.05 )and was significantly higher than that of the control group (P ＜0.01 ) four weeks after surgery,which indicated an obvious functional improvement of the extremity mobility in group C.At the 8th week postoperatively,SEP study displayed significant difference in group C from the other three groups in terms of latency and wave amplitude (P ＜0.05 ),indicating the fast neurofunctional recovery of the spinal cord in group C.MR images of the spinal cords by DTI showed the same outcome.Immunohistochemistry confirmed a large number of the labeled MSCs positive cells in the lesion site of group C.ConclusionTheimplanted spike wave ES promotes the bioactivity and survival of MSCs and improves the therapeutic effect in combination with MSCs transplantation.

Objective To review the efficacies of sleeve gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods The Cochrane library,PubMed,China Journal Full Text Database,Chinese Scientific Journal Full Text Database,Chinese Biomedical Literature Database and Wanfang Database were searched with key words including“减重手术”,“胃切除术”,“胃绕道术”,“胃旁路手术”,“胃转流术”,“胃袖状切除术”,“糖尿病”,“bariatric surgery”,“gastric bypass”,“sleeve gastrectomy”,“diabetes,T2DM and et al.Literatures published between the time of database establishment and December 2012 were searched.Literatures focused on the comparison of the efficacies of sleeve gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus were retrieved.Data extraction and quality evaluation of the literatures were done by 2 researchers independently.Meta analysis was performed by RevMan 5.1.2 software.The count data were presented by risk ratio (RR) or odds ratio (OR),and the measurement data were presented by mean difference (MD) or standard mean difference (SMD).The heterogeneity of the literatures was analyzed by I2.Results Five literatures were retrieved,including 164 patients in the sleeve gastrectomy group and 184 patients in the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass group.The results of Meta analysis showed that Roux-en-Y gastric bypass could significantly increase the remission rate of type 2 diabetes (OR =0.48,95 ％ confidence interval:0.26-0.91,P ＜ 0.05),increase the percentage of patients without drugs during follow up (OR =0.37,95 ％ confidence interval:0.16-0.84,P ＜0.05),decrease the levels of HbA1c and body weight (MD =0.28,-0.44,95％ confidence interval:0.14-0.43,-0.76--0.13,P ＜ 0.05) when compared with sleeve gastrectomy.There was no significant difference in the incidence of complications between the 2 groups (OR =1.81,95％ confidence interval:0.20-16.73,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is superior to sleeve gastrectomy for patients with type 2 diabetes.

Objective To investigate the serum leptin, leptin receptor of tissue in rats with insulin resistance (IR), and the effect of exercise on them. Methods 9 male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with normal diet as control group. 34 rats were randomly assigned into 4 groups: model group (n=9), fed with high-fat/high-sucrose diet without any other intervention; metformin group (n=8), fed with high-fat/high-sucrose diet and metformin 300 mg/kg·d; exercise group (n=9), fed with high-fat/high-sucrose diet and trained with swimming; integrated group (n=8), fed with high-fat/high-sucrose diet and metformin 300 mg/kg·d, and trained with swimming. After 6 weeks of intervention,the serum leptin was measured with the enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay; the expression of leptin receptor protein in liver, skeletal muscle and adipose were measured with immunohistochemistry, and the expression of leptin receptor mRNA in the same tissues was measured with reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Results Compared with the model group, the levels of fasting blood glucose and fasting insulin decreased in the exercise, metformin and integrated group (P<0.05), while the IR index increased (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the serum leptin increased in the model group (P<0.01), while the expression of leptin receptor protein and mRNA in liver, skeletal muscle and adipose decreased (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the serum leptin decreased in the exercise, metformin and integrated groups (P<0.05), while the expression of leptin receptor protein and mRNA increased (P<0.05). Compared with the metformin group, the expression of leptin receptor protein and mRNA increased in the exercise and integrated groups (P<0.05). Conclusion High level of serum leptin and low expression of leptin receptor can be found in rats with insulin resistance. Exercise can improve the insulin resistance, which may associate with the decrease of the serum leptin and increases of the leptin receptor.

Objective To discuss the clinical efficacy of balloon occlusion technique in treating pernicious placenta previa.Methods Between January 2015 and March 2016,a total of 16 matcrnal patients with pernicious placenta previa,who were admitted to the Interventional Department of Qujing Municipal First People's Hospital,received balloon occlusion management to assist obstetrician in dealing with placenta previa.Central type of placenta previa with highly suspected placenta implantation were diagnosed in 15 patients by color ultrasound or MRI.Balloon catheters were placed in bilateral internal iliac arteries before cesarean section was carried out,and immediately after the fetus was taken out the balloons were inflated to temporary occlude the targeted arteries.Based on the hemostatic status the balloon catheters were timely retrieved.One patient received emergency temporary balloon occlusion of abdominal aorta,and laparotomy revealed that the placenta had penetrated to the subserosa of uterine anterior wall,and total hysterectomy had to be carried out.Results Successful balloon occlusion was achieved in all 16 patients.The mean blocking time of the artery was 15 minutes and the amount of blood loss was 300-1200 ml.Conclusion In treating pernicious placenta previa,balloon occlusion treatment before cesarean section is safe and reliable,it can significantly reduce the amount of blood loss during surgery,make quick and effective hemostasis,provide a clear surgical field for the performance of cesarean section,and,more important,save the maternal life.This effective technique has fully showed the necessity of multidisciplinary collaboration,including obstetrics,interventional radiology,etc.

Objective The Nuss procedure is a minimally invasive pectus repair.The aim of this study was to explore the changes in quality of life in patients who underwent a Nuss procedure.Methods 96 patients,who underwent a Nuss procedure in our institution,were interviewed at preoperation,1 year after operation with the bar in place,and before the planned bar removal.The Nuss Questionnaire modified by George Krasopoulos et al,which evaluates psychosocial and physical well-being,was independently used by patients.Results Most of the scoring of the individual questions and the total score of individual patients revealed a significant improvement,both in preoperation vs.1 year after operation and 1 year after operation vs.before the planned bar removal.Conclusion The Nuss procedure has been shown to improve the quality of life in patients with pectus excavatum deformity in the short term.