Objective: To investigate the effects of the combination of imbalanced branched-chain amino acids and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) on nutritional and survival condition of tumor-bearing rats. Methods: The SD rats were each given a catheterization of jejunostomy and an inoculation of Walker-256 carcinosarcoma cells subcutaneously. Forty-eight rats were randomized into 4 groups: Group A (balance amino acid + NS), Group B (balance amino acid + 5-FU), Group C (valine-depleted amino acid + 5-FU), and Group D (complex amino acid of valine-depleted and leucine-supplemented + 5-FU). The change of rat′s weight, main organ weights, serum prealbumin (PA) and transferrin (TF) concentration were investigated.In addition, rat′s survival time was observed. Results: The loss of rat′s weight in group C was significantly increased compared with group A and B (P

Aim To study the protective effect of the compound flavones on chronic alcohol induced testicu-lar damage in mice. Methods One hundred SPF C57 BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 5 groups:normal control group, chronic alcohol group, alcohol+low-dose drug group, alcohol+high dose drug group, and drug control group. Chronic alcohol testicular inju-ry model in mice was established by intragastric admin-istration of increasing dose of alcohol every four weeks for 6 months, meanwhile compound flavone interven-tion was in process. The activity of super oxide dis-mutase( SOD) , the levels of malondialdehyde( MDA) and testosterone in testicular tissue were measured. HE staining was used to observe testicular histomorpholo-gy, and ultrastructure changes were detected by elec-tron microscope. Results In chronic alcohol group, MDA content was obviously increased, while SOD and testosterone levels were decreased compared with nor-mal control group ( P <0. 05 ) . In addition, germinal epithelium, support cells and sperm production at all levels showed degraded degeneration in chronic alcohol group. However, compound flavonoids could success-fully reverse alcohol-induced testicular damage in a dose-dependent way. Conclusion The compound of flavones may have therapeutic potential for alcohol-in-duced testicular injury through inhibiting lipid peroxi-dation and increasing the level of testosterone.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of icariin against varicocele-induced damage on rat epididymis. Methods Forty adolescent male SD rats were randomly divided into control group (n=10), experimental varicocele (EV) group (n=15), icariin (ICA) therapy group (n=15). Experimental varicocele model in the EV group and ICA group was established. The EV was induced by partial ligation of the left renal vein. The rats in the control group underwent a sham operation that separated the spermatic vessels without ligation. Each rat in the control group and EV group was lavaged with 2 mL physiological saline every day for 6 weeks. Each rat in the ICA group was lavaged with icariin [100 mg/(kg·d)] for 6 weeks. Rats in all groups were executed after 6 weeks. The contents of sialic acid were measured by spectrophotometry. Carnitine concentrations were measured by DTNB. HE stain was used to observe the microstructure changes in the epididymal tissue. Electron microscopy was used for observing the ultrastructural changes of the epididymis. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) method was used to detect the apoptosis of the epididymal epithelium. Results Compared with the control group, the microstructure and ultrastructure of the epididymis in EV group showed pathological damage. Compared with the EV group, the damage of the epididymal microstructure and ultrastructure significantly alleviated. Apoptosis index (AI) of epididymal epithelium in the EV group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.01). However, AI of epididymal epithelium in the ICA group was significantly lower than that in the EV group (P < 0.01). The sialic acid and carnitine concentrations of the epididymis in the EV group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.01), respectively. However, the sialic acid and carnitine concentrations of the epididymis in the ICA group was significantly higher than that in the EV group (P < 0.01), respectively. Conclusion This study indicates that varicocele could result in the apoptosis of epididymal epithelium and icariin decreased the varicocele-induced apoptosis , suggesting that varicocele could damage the structure and function of epididymis, which can be repaired by icariin.

Objective To investigate short-term effect of percutaneous discectomy combined with radiofrequency ablation with Disc-FXon contained lumbar disc herniation. Methods 36 patients were reviewed and followed up with Japanese Orthopaedic Association score(JOA score), the Visual Analogue Score (VAS) and Oswestry score for 12 months. Results The scores of JOA score, VAS and Oswestry improvedsignificantly (P<0.01) after operation. Conclusion Percutaneous discectomy combined with radiofrequency ablation with Disc-FXis effective on contained lumbar disc herniation.

Objective:The prognosis of cancer patients depends not only on tumor related factors, but also on host related factors, especially systemic inflammatory response. Based on the ratio of neutrophils to lymphocytes (NLR), the ratio of platelets to lymphocytes (PLR) and the ratio of lymphocytes to monocytes (LMR), we constructed a systemic inflammation model to predict the survival time of patients with gastric cancer (GC) after radical gastrectomy.Methods:Two hundred and five patients with GC who underwent radical resection from January 2011 to January 2017 were selected in Qinghai Provincial Communications Hospital and Red Cross Hospital of Qinghai Province. NLR, PLR and LMR were collected before operation. The best truncation values of NLR, PLR and LMR were obtained by ROC curve and systemic inflammatory marker score (SIMS) was constructed. The clinical value of SIMS was analyzed by single factor and multi factor Cox risk proportion model.Results:All patients were followed up for an average of (63.47 ± 10.36) months (range 20 to 65 months). The median survival time was 56 months. The one-year mortality rate was 6.3%, the three-year mortality rate was 26.2%, and the five-year mortality rate was 34.6%. The AUC of NLR, PLR and LMR were 0.745, 0.805 and 0.866 respectively, and the best truncation values were 3.11, 144 and 3.34 respectively. The mortality of patients with NLR > 3.11, PLR > 144, LMR ≤ 3.34 was higher than that of patients with NLR ≤ 3.11, PLR ≤ 114, LMR > 3.34 ( χ2 = 10.491, 14.658 and 38.765; P<0.01); there were differences in survival curves among different groups of NLR, PLR, LMR ( P < 0.05). The survival curves of different scores of SIMS were different ( P < 0.05). Age ( HR = 1.358, 95% CI 1.153 to 1.599), T stage-T 3 ( HR = 2.739, 95% CI 1.200 to 6.248), T stage-T 4 ( HR = 3.013, 95% CI 1.312 to 6.920), N stage-N 2 ( HR = 5.832, 95% CI 2.974 to 11.455), pathological stage Ⅲ ( HR = 2.962, 95% CI 1.835 to 4.646), lymphovascular invasion ( HR = 1.813, 95% CI 1.274 to 3.642), SIMS-1 ( HR = 7.065, 95% CI 4.673 to 10.692), SIMS-2 ( HR = 7.885, 95% CI 4.991 to 12.435), SIMS-3 ( HR = 8.365, 95% CI 5.635 to 3.485) were the independent risk factors of GC patients′ death ( P < 0.05). Conclusions:This study successfully constructs Sims and confirms that preoperative Sims is a relatively easy, easy to obtain and low-cost prognosis index for GC patients, which can be used to evaluate the survival time of GC patients before operation.

Objective To analysis the clinicopathological features of skip N2 metastasis in NSCLC in our clinical center,therefore guide for clinical decision making for NSCLC patients.Methods A total of 120 NSCLC patients with N2 metastasis treated by surgery were enrolled from January 2017 to May 2018,of which 55 were males and 65 were females.The mean age of them were (58.36 ± 11.34) years old.36 patients had skip N2 metastasis,accounting for 30％ of patients with N2 metastasis.48 patients had a history of smoking or a definitive history of second-hand smoke exposure,compared with other 72 patients.Collected pre-and post-operation clinical data of those patients,and carried out relevant statistical analysis.Results Among the NSCLC with skip N2 metastasis,it occulted more frequently in right lower lobe and peripheral lung cancer.The main pathological type was adenocarcinoma with acinar subtype.The most cases of skip N2 metastasis were characterized by single N2 station metastasis.Age of patients showed a significant difference between the two groups(P =0.049).Gender,smoking history,T staging of lung cancer,pathological type and involvement of pulmonary membrane showed no statistic difference between the two groups(P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Patient with skip N2 metastasis seemed to be elder,and the lesions of those patients were more likely to be lung adenocarcinoma in the right lower lobe and peripheral lung cancer,often involved single N2 station.The lung cancer in right upper lobe often skipped to level R2 + R4,which in right middle lobe often skipped to levels R2 + R4 and 7,in right and left lower lobes skipped to level 7,in the left upper lobe often skipped to level 5.

BACKGROUND:Inhibitory control and drug craving are the core elements of evaluating drug withdrawal in methamphetamine addicts,which has attracted much attention in academic circles.As we all know,in order to achieve complete abstinence from drug addiction,the key is to restore the damaged inhibition and control function of drug addicts and effectively reduce the craving for drugs. OBJECTIVE:To systematically analyze the relationship between exercise and methamphetamine abstinence inhibitory control and drug craving,to find out an effective exercise intervention scheme that can promote methamphetamine abstinence,and to further explore the internal mechanism of exercise,in order to provide theoretical support and applied reference for the future use of exercise in drug withdrawal. METHODS:CNKI,WanFang,VIP,Web of Science,and PubMed databases were searched for relevant literature using the keywords of"exercise,physical activity,methamphetamine,inhibitory function,craving,addiction"in Chinese and"sport*,exercise,methamphetamine,drug craving,executive function,addiction"in English.According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,86 documents were finally included for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:In terms of inhibitory control in methamphetamine abstinent individuals,either acute and long-term moderate-intensity aerobic exercise or acute high-intensity interval training can significantly improve the inhibitory control capacity of methamphetamine abstinent individuals.For long-term aerobic exercise,aerobic group exercise or full-body comprehensive exercise is more effective.If the exercise format is power cycling,it is recommended to increase the frequency of exercise intervention.In terms of the drug craving intensity in methamphetamine abstinent individuals,acute moderate-intensity aerobic exercise and resistance training,as well as long-term moderate-intensity,high-intensity,or progressive load aerobic and resistance training,can effectively reduce the drug craving in methamphetamine abstinent individuals.Exercise exerts intrinsic regulatory effects on methamphetamine-mediated addiction.Exercise can influence the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase in the brain's ventral tegmental area,thereby stimulating the expression of dopamine receptor coupling proteins and promoting dopamine synthesis in the brain's reward regions,thereby compensating for dopamine depletion caused by methamphetamine addiction.Furthermore,exercise can also regulate protein kinase A inhibitors,affecting the protein kinase A signaling pathway mediated by dopamine D1 receptors,by inhibiting protein kinase A,thus affecting cAMP response element-binding protein and regulating methamphetamine addiction.Additionally,exercise can also,at the genetic level,affect the expression of the c-fos gene in the brain's nucleus accumbens region,activate a subset of glutamatergic neurons in this area,generate a rewarding effect,and thus improve methamphetamine addiction.Although current research has confirmed the relationship between exercise and methamphetamine addiction and has clarified the brain mechanisms underlying the effects of exercise,whether there are other brain regulatory pathways for the effects of exercise remains to be explored through more scientifically rigorous animal or human experiments,starting from the cellular or molecular level.

Pulmonary inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (PIMT) is a rare lung tumor that is poorly understood by clinicians. Based on the data of patients with PIMT in our center, a comprehensive search and a brief summary analysis of previous reports of the disease were carried out in this article. PIMTs were more likely to be present in male patients and in the right lung, and their clinical and radiographic findings were heterogeneous. Surgery is the most important treatment method, and complete resection is of great significance to the prognosis of patients. Targeted therapy represented by crizotinib may be helpful for patients with positive ALK mutations.

Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) signaling pathway has been found capable of affecting anti-tumor immune effect in many malignancies in recent years. Patients who are diagnosed with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have considerable responses after receving inhibitors against PD-1/PD-L1. This paper reviews the clinical progress of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in the treatment of NSCLC.