The work that the reformation of worker's medical insurance system is being put into effect is both a oppotunity and a challenge for the development and reformation of our hospital. There is a lot of things to do in the hospital, but dealing seriously with medical moral standars formation of the hospital has a role of guiding and protecting for other works to do well. Therefore, the related sections of hospital have to regard it as a important thing.

Objective To compare the severity of kidney injury following liver transplantation performed under sevoflurane versus propofol combined anesthesia in patients.Methods Fifty ASA Ⅱ or Ⅲ patients of both sexes,aged 40-64 yr,weighing 47-85 kg,scheduled for elective orthotopic liver transplantation,were randomly divided into 2 groups (n =25 each) ∶ propofol combined anesthesia group (group P) and sevoflurane combined anesthesia group (group Se).During maintenance of anesthesia,propofol was given by target-controlled infusion and the target plasma concentration was 2-4 μg/ml in group P,and sevoflurane was continuously inhaled and the endtidal concentration was maintained at 1.0％-3.0％ in group Se.Venous blood samples and urine specimens were taken immediately before skin incision (T0),at 30 min after occlusion of the inferior vena cava (T1),at 30 min of neohepatic phase (T2),at the end of surgery (T3),and at 1,3 and 5 days after operation (T4-6) for determination of serum concentrations of creatinine (Cr),blood urea nitrogen (BUN),β2-microglobulin (β2-MG) and urinary β2-MG concentrations.Results Compared with group P,the serum concentrations of Cr,BUN and β2-MG and urinary β2-MG concentrations were significantly lower at T3,4 in group Se (P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01).Conclusion The severity of kidney injury is reduced in patients undergoing liver transplantation performed under sevoflurane combined anesthesia compared with that under propofol combined anesthesia.

Objective To investigate the effect of creatine phosphate on perioperative myocardial injury caused by living donor liver transplantation(LDLT)in adult patients.Methods Forty ASA Ⅱ -Ⅳ patients(liver function Child-Pugh grade B or C)aged 45-62 yr weighing 47-91 kg undergoing LDLT were randomly divided into 2 groups(n = 20 each): control group(group C)and creatine phosphate group(group CP).In group CP,creatine phosphate 30 mg/kg was injected intravenously at skin incision followed by creatine phosphate infusion at 4 mg· kg- 1 · h- 1 until the end of surgery.In group C,equal volume of normal saline was infused instead of creatine phosphate.HR,MAP,CVP,PCWP,CO and SvO2 were recorded immediately before skin incision,at 5 and 30 min of anhepatic phase,at 5 and 30 min of neohepatic phase and at the end of operation.Blood samples were taken from central vein immediately before skin incision(baseline,T0),at 30 min of anhepatic phase(T1),at 30min of neohepatic phase(T2),at the end of operation(T3)and at 4 and 24 h after operation(T4,5)for determination of serum cardiac troponin I(cTnI)and creatine kinase MB(CK-MB)concentrations and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)activity.Postoperative adverse events were recorded.Results The serum cTnI and CK-MB concentrations and LDH activity were significantly increased at T2-5 as compared with the baseline value at T0 in both groups(P ＜0.05 or 0.01).MAP and CO were significantly higher from 5 min of neohepatic phase to the end of operation,the serum cTnI and CK-MB concentrations and LDH activity were significantly lower at T2-5,and the incidence of ventricular arrhythmia was significantly lower in group CP than in group C(P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01).Conclusion Creatine phosphate can attenuate perioperative myocardial injury caused by LDLT in adult patients.

Objective To determine the difference between target and measured concentration of remifentanil given by target-controlled infusion (TCI) and evaluate the performance of a new type Ⅰ TCI system for Chinese. Methods Thirty-six ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients aged 40-60 yr weighing 50-70 kg undergoing elective lung resection were randomly divided into 2 groups according to target remifentanil concentration: group Ⅰ 6 ng ? ml-1 and group Ⅱ 8 ng?ml-1. The patients were premedicated with intramuscular midazolam 0.05 mg?kg-1 and atropine 0.5 mg. Anesthesia was induced with remifentanil and propofol both given by TCI. The target concentration of propofol (effect-site concentration) was set at 3 ?g?ml-1 and remifentanil (plasma concentration) at 6 or 8 ng? ml-1. When the patients lost consciousness, vecuronium 0.1 mg?kg-1 was given i. v. to facilitate intubation. The patients were mechanically ventilated and PETCO2 was maintained at 30-40 mm Hg. Anesthesia was maintained with TCI of propofol and remifentanil and intermittent i. v. boluses of vecuronium. Target plasma concentration of remifentanil remained unchanged during anesthesia. BIS value was maintained at 45-55 by modifying target propofol concentration. Arterial blood samples were taken before and 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, 90 and 120 min after TCI remifentanil was started for determination of blood remifentanil concentration by high performance liquid chromatography.The performance error (PE) was determined for each measured blood remifentanil concentration. The performance in the population was determined by median absolute performance error (MDAPE), median performance error (MDPE) and the wobble (the median absolute deviation of each PE from the MDPE). Results The measured concentrations (Cm) of remifentanil were significantly lower than the target plasma concentration (Cp) at5, 10, 20 min of TCI in both groups ( P

Objective To study H.pylori infection and the changes of muco sal inflammation， atrophy and intestinal metaplasia in the different histolog ical types of gastric polyps. Methods Two hundred and seventy－ eight cases of gastric polyps(12.6％ ) from 2 203 gastric mucosal biopsy cases were histologic ally classified and examined for the presence of Helicobacter pylori,for degree and type of inflammation,mucosal atrophy and intestinal metaplasia. Results 53. 9％ gastric polyps were infected with H.pylori,in which faveolar polyp was the highest with an infective rate of 73.1％ .The changes of active inflammation,atr ophy and metaplaisa in gastric mucosa were frequently accompanied with H.pylori positive faveolar polyps almost as same as those in adenoma.The fundic gland pol yps were usually with low rate of H.pylori infection,and the changes of mucosal active inflammation,atrophy and metaplasia were seldom observed. Conclusions Fav eolar polyps,which are different from fundic gland polyp,may caused by H.pylori infection and are usually with the changes of mucosal active inflammation,atroph y and metaplasia.

OBJECTIVE:To develop a RP-HPLC method for determining serum concentration of propofol METHODS:Using ODS C18 column as fixed phase,a mixture of methanol and water(75∶25) as mobile phase,excitation wavelength 270nm,emission wavelength 295nm RESULTS:The linear range was 0 0 375～8 0?g/ml,r=0 9 996 The within-day and between-day RSDs were less than 5%,the average recovery was 83 98% CONCLUSION:This is a good method to monitor propofol serum concentration

Objective To evaluate the effects of different methods of administration on clinical pharmacodynamics of cisatracurium during liver transplantation.Methods Twenty-four ASA physical status Ⅲ patients of both sexes,aged 18-63 yr,weighing 60-88 kg,with body mass index of 20-30 kg/m2,scheduled for elective liver transplantation,were randomly divided into 2 groups (n =12 each):continuous infusion group (group C) and intermittent bolus injection group (group Ⅰ).The total intravenous anesthesia was used during surgery.When T1 recovered to 10％ of control height after induction of anesthesia,continuous infusion of cisatracurium was started with an initial rate of 1.5 μg· kg-1 · min-1,and the infusion rate was manually adjusted to maintain T1 at about 10％ in group C,and intermittent iv boluses of cisatracurium 0.03 mg/kg were given to maintain T1 ≤ 10％ in group Ⅰ.The use of muscle relaxants was stopped immediately after peritoneum closure.The consumption of cisatracurium per minute,time for T1 to recover from 10％ to 25％,recovery index and time for recovery of spontaneous breathing after surgery were recorded.Results Compared with group Ⅰ,the consumption of cisatracurium per minute was significantly reduced and the time for recovery of spontaneous breathing after surgery was shortened (P ＜ 0.05),and no significant changes were found in the time for T1 to recover from 10％ to 25％ and recovery index in group C (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Compared with intermittent bolus injection,continuous infusion of cisatracurium during liver transplantation is helpful in improving the clinical potency of the muscle relaxant and in reducing the occurrence of complications during anesthesia recovery period.

Objective To evaluate the effect of dexmedetomidine pretreatment on activation of Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway during intestinal injury in rats undergoing liver transplantation.Methods Thirty-two pathogen-free healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 220-250 g,aged 8-10 weeks,were divided into 4 groups (n =8 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (S group),liver transplantation group (LT group),dexmedetomidine pretreatment group (D group) and dexmedetomidine plus atipamezole (specific α2-adrenergic receptor antagonist) group (D+A group).The model of liver transplantation was established in LT,D and D+A groups except group S.In group D,dexmedetomidine 50 μg/kg was injected intraperitoneally at 30 min before skin incision.In group D+A,atipamzole 250 μg/kg was injected intraperitoneally at 5 min before administration of dexmedetomidine.At 6 h of reperfusion,blood samples were collected from the inferior vena cava for determination of serum concentrations of intestinal fatty acid binding protein (iFABP),lipopolysaccharide (LPS),tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-ct) and high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1).Intestinal specimens were then obtained for examination of the pathological changes of intestinal tissues (under light microscope) and for determination of the expression of activated caspase-3,phosphorylated JAK2 (p-JAK2),phosphorylated STAT1 (p-STAT1) and phosphorylated STAT3 (p-STAT3).Intestinal damage was assessed and scored.Wet/dry weight ratio (W/D ratio) was calculated.Results Compared with group S,the concentrations of iFABP,LPS,TNF-α and HMGB1 in serum,intestinal damage scores and W/D ratio were significantly increased,and the expression of activated caspase-3,p-JAK2,pSTATI and p-STAT3 in intestinal tissues was up-regulated in LT and D groups (P＜0.05).Compared with group LT,the concentrations of iFABP,LPS,TNF-cα and HMGB1 in serum,intestinal damage scores and W/D ratio were significantly decreased,and the expression of activated caspase-3,p-JAK2,p-STAT1 and p-STAT3 in intestinal tissues was down-regulated in group D (P＜0.05).Compared with group D,the concentrations of iFABP,LPS,TNF-cα and HMGB1 in serum,intestinal damage scores and W/D ratio were significantly increased,and the expression of activated caspase-3,p-JAK2,p-STAT1 and p-STAT3 in intestinal tissues was up-regulated in group D+A (P＜0.05).The pathological changes of intestinal tissues were significantly attenuated in group D as compared with group LT.Conclusion The mechanism by which dexmedetomidine pretreatment reduces intestinal injury may be related to inhibition of JAK/STAT signaling pathway activation in rats undergoing liver transplantation.

OBJECTIVE:To improve the HPLC-fluorometric method in the determination of telmisartan in human plasma.METHODS:Using naproxen as internal standard,the plasma was extracted with ethyl acetate.The separation was performed on Symmetry C8 with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile -0.01mol?L-1 potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer solution(47∶53) at a flow rate of 1.0ml?min-1.The ?Ex was set at 305nm and the ?Em was set at 365nm,and the sample size was 20?L.RESULTS:The linear range of telmisartan was 2.5～200ng?mL-1(r=0.999 8),with the lowest detectable limit at 1ng?mL-1.The average recovery of extraction was (89.91?10.07)%.Both the intra-day RSD and inter-day RSD were less than 10%.The sample showed a good stability within 24 hours after three freeze-thaw cycles and extractions.CONCLUSI-ON:The method is simple,sensitive,accurate and reproducible,and suitable for the determination and pharmacokinetic study of telmisartan in human plasma.

AIM: To evaluate effects of inhaled nitric oxide(iNO) on adhesion molecule CD11b expression on lung neutrophils in experimental meconium aspiration syndrome(MAS) rabbits treated with conventional mechanical ventilation under room air or 100%O 2. METHODS: Animals were randomly allocated to 8 groups( n= 48) of 6 each: two MAS model groups(under room air or 100%O 2 without iNO treatment), 6 treatment groups were treated with continuous NO inhalation at a dose of 0.2?10 -6 mol/L,0.33?10 -6 mol/L or 0.67?10 -6 mol/L respectively for 12 hours under room air or 100%O 2. Mean systemic arterial pressure(SAP) and methemoglobin (MeHb) were performed at basement time, 0, 2, 4, 12 hours. Expression of CD11b on neutrophils in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) was detected with flow cytometry. RESULTS: SAP, MeHb at different time among different groups were within the normal scale. CD11b expression on the neutrophils in the BALF significantly decreased in groups of inhalation 0.33?10 -6 mol/L or 0.67?10 -6 mol/L NO, compared with the two MAS model groups. ( ?s : under 21%O 2, 0.33?10 -6 mol/L NO,121?20 vs 392?204; 0.67?10 -6 mol/L NO,112?30 vs 392?204;under 100%O 2,0.33?10 -6 mol/L NO,113?24 vs 293?65; 0.67?10 -6 mol/L 102?114 vs 293?65, P 0 05). No statistic difference was observed between groups inhaled 0.33?10 -6 mol/L NO and 0.67?10 -6 mol/L NO. CONCLUSION: 0.33?10 -6 mol/L or 0.67?10 -6 mol/L NO inhalation down-regulated the CD11b expression on the neutrophils in BALF to reduce the sequestration of neutrophils in rabbit lung.