Cerebral small vessel diseases refer to a group of clinical,radiological,or pathological phenomenas with various aetiologies that affect the small arteries,arterioles,capillaries,venules and small veins of the brain.Patients may manifest as cognitive dysfunction,abnormal gait,and/or dysarthria.Cerebral small vessel diseases can be visualized as lacunar infarcts,white matter lesions,cerebral microbleeds,enlarged perivascular spaces and brain atrophy on neuroimaging studies.Its eiology and pathogenesis are complex and complicated.In the recent years,with advances in molecular genetics and studies on hereditary and sporadic cerebral small vessel diseases,several monogenic conditions involving cerebral small vessels have been identified.Monogenic cerebral small vessel disease is a kind of single-gene inherited disease which manifests clinical spectrums involving multiple systems,and cerebral small vessel disease is a common characteristic.Here,we summarized the inheritance patterns,main clinical findings,neuroimaging findings,pathological features and main geneteic traits in monogenic cerebral small vessel disease,and reviewed the genetics mechanism and advance studies of some common forms of sporadic cerebral small vessel disease.

Objective To understand the early experiences of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients after intravenous thrombolysis. Methods By purposive sampling method, and according to principle of sample saturation, semi-structure interview was conducted to inpatients who had undergone acute ischemic stroke and were treated with intravenous thrombolysis in Neurology Department in a comprehensive class Ⅲ grade A hospital in Shenzhen from March to September 2016. Colaizzi method was used for the analysis of interview content. Results Early experiences of acute ischemic stroke patients after intravenous thrombolysis can be concluded as four subjects: perceived body difference, heavy psychological burden, adaptation to new roles, and expectation of support from medical staff and family members. Conclusions For AIS patients, different experiences and needs appeared from the attack to the recovery period after thrombolysis, according to which, individualized nursing measures should be adopted by doctors and nurses.

Objective To explore comprehensive nursing measures to the high-risk patients with cerebral apoplexy in nursing outpatient and evaluate the effect.Methods Convenience sampling method was used to select 75 high-risk cerebral apoplexy patients in the nursing outpatient from April 201 4 to December 201 4,patients were carried out comprehensive nursing measures including measuring blood pressure,body weight,and abdominal circumference,instructing to take medication correctly and establish a healthy physical exercise and diet style.Results After 6 months of intervention,systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure of the subjects decreased from (1 48.40 ±1 3.86)mmHg to (1 33.1 ±1 2.49)mmHg and (84.75 ± 8.50)mmHg to (79.75 ±7.40)mmHg respectively(P <0.05).Before and after intervention,the reasonable exercise rate rose from 41 .3% to 72.9%,smoking rate decreased from 53.3% to 21 .4%,compliance with medication rose from 52.0% to 85.7%,salty diet rate decreased from 56.0% to 37.1 %,oiled diet rate decreased from 69.3% to 1 5.7%,compliance with fruit intake rose from 38.7% to 90.0%,compliance with milk drink rose from 30.7% to 75.7%(P <0.05).Conclusions Outpatient comprehensive stoke intervention measures to patients with high-risk for cerebral apoplexy can reduce the risk factors to stoke,improve lifestyle and provide basis for stoke high-risk population.