Objective To investigate the mechanism of increasing of the level of kidney injury molecule-1(KIM-1)in culture supernatant of human kidney cells(HKC)induced by cyclosporine A(CsA),and to clarify the relationships between the expression levels of KIM-1 and p38 MAPK pathway and ERK1/2MAPK pathway in HKC. Methods The HKC at logarithmic growth phase were randomly divided into control group, CsA control group, CsA + p38 kinase inhibitor group, p38 kinase inhibitor group, CsA + ERK1/2 inhibitor group and ERK1/2 kinase inhibitor group.The inhibitory rates of proliferation of HKC in various groups were detected by MTT assay, and the expression levels of KIM-1 in HKC supernatant in various groups were detected by ELISA;the survival rates,apopototic rates and necrotic rates of the HKC in various groups were detected by flow cytometry. Results Compared with control group,the expression level of KIM-1 protein in the supernatant of HKC in CsA control group was significantly increased (P<0.05),and the survival rate was significantly decreased (P<0.05), while the apoptotic rate and the necrotic rate were significantly increased (P<0.05 ). Compared with control group,the survival rates, the apoptotic rates and the necrosis rates of cells in p38 kinase inhibitor group and ERK1/2 kinase inhibitor group had no significant differences(P>0.05).Compared with CsA control group,the expression levels of KIM-1 protein in CsA+ p38 kinase inhibitor group and CsA+ ERK1/2 kinase inhibitor group were significantly decreased (P<0.05),and the survival rate was significantly increased (P<0.05),while the apoptotic rate and the necrotic rate were significantly decreased (P<0.05).Conclusion p38 MAPK pathway and ERK1/2MAPK pathway are involved in the process of up-regulation of the KIM-1 level in HKC culture supernatant induced by CsA,and the expression of KIM-1 may become the biochemical marker of clinical monitoring of CsA nephrotoxicity.

Objective: To study status of social support and its influencing factors in female migrant workers. Methods: Study participants were selected with a random cluster design from participants 16-60 years old in non-registered residents from 10 districts in one city. Social support revalued scale and general questionnaire were used to survey social support status of female migrant workers in August-December of 2016. Results: There was statistic difference in social support among different districts, occupations, and income of female migrant workers (P<0.05) . Results of multiple linear regression demonstrates that districts, occupations, and income of female migrant workers were associated with social support scale (district standarized β=0.03, occupations standarized β=-0.03, incorue standarized β=0.10, P<0.05) . Conclusion We should be attentive to self-employed and Low-income participants among female migrant workers.

Objective To study the clinicopathologic characteristics of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and its value in the prediction of prognosis. Method In this study,500 cases of female breast cancers were examined immunohistochcmically for the TNBC. The clinicopathologic characteristics of the 243 TNBC cases were inspected. Results TNBC accounted for 17.6% (88/500) of the 500 breast cancers. The histological types of the TNBC included mainly infihrative ductal carcinoma, metaplastic carcinoma and medullar carcinoma. Among those, histological grade Ⅲ accounted for 72.7% (64/88) of all the TNBC and was more common than that in hormone receptor positive breast cancers (HR+ group ) and Her-2 overexpression breast cancers (Her-2 group)(P=0.000). The positive rates of CK5/6 and EGFR in the TNBC were 30.7% (27/88) and 34.1% (30/88), respectively. The positive rates of ERCC1 and KIT in the TNBC were 28.4% (25/88) and 34.1% (30/88), respectively, Both of which were higher than those in the HR + group and Her-2 group, respectively (P=0.032 and P=0.026). 3-year survival rate of the TNBC was 71.5% and it was lower than that of HR group (P=0.021) and not significantly different from that of Her-2 group (P=0.474). Conclusions TNBC is the breast cancer with high aggressive pathologic futures and poor prognosis. EGFR and ERCC1 expression were positive in a portion of TNBC cases.

Objective: To investigate the distribution of shift work of female workers in different industries and the relationship between shift work and reproductive health, then provide reference for the female workers' labor protection. Methods: From June to September 2016, cluster sampling questionnaire survey was performed among female workers from 11 industries including electronics, medicine and health, pharmacy. To investigate the general information, shift-work information, reproductive health and childbearing history of these female workers. Results: A total of 63 711 usable questionnaires were collected, resulting in a response rate of 96.94%.A total of 13 546 workers worked in shifts, accounting for 21.26%, the highest proportion was in the medical industry 30.61%, metallurgy 30.81%, petrochemical engineerin 26.78% respectively. Compared with the workers who did not work in shifts, those who worked in shifts had significantly higher rate of abnormal menstruation, rate of reproductive system infection in married workers, the rate of infertility (χ²=19.108、10.673、21.510, P<0.05) ; Compared with the workers who did not work in nightshifts, those who worked in nightshifts had significantly higher rate of abnormal menstruation, rate of reproductive system infection among married workers and rate of infertility (χ²=140.043、71.901、29.024, P<0.01) . Conclusion The highest rate of shift work was in the medical industry, metallurgy, petrochemical engineering industry. Workers who worked in shifts have serious reproductive health issues, the occurrence of abnormal menstruation, reproductive system infection and infertility may associated with shift work.

Objective: To investigate the infertility rate and influencing factors of female workers in China's nine industries. Methods: Using multi-stage sampling method, from January to November in 2016. A cross-sectional survey was conducted on the infertility of 33 685 female workers in the nine industries including medical and health, petrochemical, metallurgy, railway, machinery manufacturing and electronics,a questionnaire survey. First, three provincial capitals were randomly selected in seven regions. And then we consulted and communicated with the hospital of the provincial city's occupational disease prevention and treatment, marking and coding the target enterprise within its jurisdiction, In these enterprises, we randomly selected five companies. Finally, all women workers who meet the inclusion criteria were surveyed in those enterprises which were drawn. Use the"female workers reproductive health questionnaire" to collect female workers demographic status, occupational status and reproductive status and other data. The single factor analysis of infertility was performed by chi-square test. Multivariate analysis of infertility was carried out by logistic regression model. Results: The age of female workers in the nine industries was (35.98±7.98) years. The infertility rate for one year of female workers in typical industry was 24.81% (8 358/33 685), the infertility rate for two years being13.47% (4 537/33 685), the infertility rate for two years being 10.78% (3 632/33 685). Compared to the east China region, the infertility rate was the highest in the south region (OR=1.90, 95%CI: 1.66-2.17). Compared to non-working women, the infertility rate was the highest among railroad (OR=1.68, 95%CI: 1.43-1.98) and financial industries (OR=1.64, 95%CI: 1.38-1.95). Occupational exposure to heavy metals (OR=1.15, 95%CI:1.04-1.27) and occupational exposure to hazardous physical factors (OR=1.09, 95%CI:1.01-1.17) were infertility risk factors. Conclusion The infertility rate of female workers in the nineindustries was high. And the region, industry, occupational exposure to heavy metals and occupational exposure to hazardous physical factors, were independent risk factors for infertility.

OBJECTIVETo establish the specific 16S-23S rRNA gene spacer regions in different bacteria using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), DNA cloning and sequences analysis.

METHODSA pair of primers were selected from highly conserved sequences adjacent to the 16S-23S rRNA spacer region. Bacterial DNA from sixty-one strains of standard bacteria and corresponding clinical isolates representative of 20 genera and 26 species was amplified by PCR, and further analyzed by RFLP, DNA cloning and sequences analysis. Furthermore, all specimens were examined by bacterial culturing and PCR-RFLP analysis. The evaluation of these assays in practical clinic practice was also discussed.

RESULTSRestriction enzyme analysis revealed one, two or three bands or more observed among the 26 different standard strains. The sensitivity of PCR reached 2.5 colony-forming unit (CFU), and there was no cross reaction with human genomic DNA, fungus or virus. Fourteen species could be distinguished immediately by PCR, while another 10 species were further identified by Hinf I or Alu I digestion. The only difference between K.pneumoniae and E. durans was located at the site of the 779th nucleotide according to the sequence analysis and only XmaIII digestion could distinguish one from another. Of 42 specimens from septicemic neonates, 15 were identified as positive by blood culture at a rate of 35.7%. However, 27 specimens identified as positive by PCR, with a rate of 64.2%, a method significantly more effective than blood culture (P < 0.01). Of 6 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens, one tested positive for S.epidermidis was also positive by PCR, two culture negative were positive by PCR and diagnosed as S.epidermidis according to the DNA pattern. One positive for C.neoformans was negative by PCR. The other two specimens were negative by both PCR and culture.

CONCLUSIONSThe method of detecting bacterial 16S-23S rRNA spacer regions using PCR-RFLP techniques was specific, sensitive, rapid and accurate in providing a new technique for detecting pathogens in clinical bacterial infections.

Bacteria ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; DNA, Bacterial ; analysis ; chemistry ; DNA, Ribosomal ; analysis ; chemistry ; Genes, rRNA ; Humans ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ; genetics ; RNA, Ribosomal, 23S ; genetics ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Sequence Analysis, DNA

Objective: To investigate the reproductive health status of female workers in a railway system and possible influencing factors. Methods: From January to June, 2016, a cross-sectional epidemiological investigation was performed to collect 2 165 female workers aged 17-55 years. A women’s health questionnaire was used to collect the data on their occupation and health, and their reproductive health status was analyzed. Results: The female workers exposed to occupational hazards had significantly higher incidence rates of gynecological diseases, abnormal menstruation, and infertility than those not exposed to such hazards (χ²=32.29, 12.42, and 4.23, respectively, all P<0.05) . There were significant differences in the incidence rates of gynecological diseases, abnormal menstruation, adverse pregnancy outcomes, and pregnancy complications between the female workers with different working forms and states (χ²=17.19, 23.03, 200.65, and 21.28, respectively, all P<0.05) . There were significant differences in the incidence rates of gynecological diseases, abnormal menstruation, and pregnancy complications between the female workers with different behavioral habits (χ²=15.65, 36.23, and 25.35, respectively, all P<0.05) . The logistic regression analysis showed that exposure to occupational hazards, married state, medium-grade professional title or above, work in shifts, sitting for a long time, standing for a long time, and video operation were risk factors for gynecological diseases, and the prevalence rate of gynecological diseases increased with age. Exposure to occupational hazards, night shifts, staying up late, and sitting for a long time were risk factors for abnormal menstruation. Exposure to occupational hazards was a risk factor for infertility. Medium-grade professional title or above was a risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes. Married state, medium-grade professional title or above, standing for a long time, and high mobility in job form and state were risk factors for pregnancy complications. Conclusion Exposure to occupational hazards, job form and state, and unhealthy behavioral habits may affect reproductive health status in female workers in the railway system.

Objective: To investigate the mental health status of railway female workers and related influencing factors, and to provide a scientific strategy for labor protection regulations in railway female workers. Methods: Cluster sampling was used to select 5033 female workers from Jinan, Nanning, Qinghai-Tibet, and Wuhan railway systems in China from January to August, 2016. A uniform reproductive health questionnaire, as well as the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) , was used to investigate their general information (age, marital status, education level, and family income) , work type (day shift, night shift, or work on shift) , work position, and the presence or absence of exposure to occupational hazardous factors. The score on each factor of SCL-90 and the positive rate of mental health status were calculated. Results: The positive rate of mental health status was 10.6% in railway female workers. The workers exposed to occupational hazardous factors had a significantly higher positive rate of mental health status than those not exposed to occupational hazardous factors (14.20% vs 8.02%, P<0.01) . There were significant differences in the positive rate of mental health status between workers with different ages, marital status, education levels, histories of abortion, or annual family income levels (P<0.01) . The scores of somatization (1.54±0.62) and horror (1.28±0.47) in SCL-90 were significantly higher than the Chinese adult norm (P<0.01) . The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that exposure to occupational hazardous factors, night shift, overwork, and carrying heavy objects were associated with mental health problems (OR=1.797, 95%CI: 1.393-2.318; OR=0.641, 95%CI: 0.498-0.827; OR=0.586, 95%CI: 0.439-0.783; OR=0.580, 95%CI: 0.378-0.890) . Conclusion Railway female workers have lower levels of mental health than the general population and are under significant occupational stress. Exposure to occupational hazardous factors, night shift, overwork, and carrying heavy objects are associated with the development of mental health problems in railway female workers.

Objective: To investigate the mental health status of female migrant workers in a city. Methods: From August to December, 2016, cluster random sampling was used to select female migrant workers aged 16-60 years from 10 districts of this city, and Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) and a questionnaire on general status were used. Results: Among these female migrant workers, the detection rates of obsessive-compulsion, hostility, and depression were 6.62%, 4.18%, and 4.10%, respectively. There was a significant difference in the detection rate of mental health issues between the female migrant workers from different districts, with different occupations, or with different education levels (P<0.05) . Districts, occupation, and education level were associated with mental health issues, after adjustment for age (P<0.05) . Conclusion Although female migrant workers in this city have a high mental health level, the issues such as obsessive-compulsion, hostility, and depression should be taken seriously. Targeted mental health surveys and comprehensive interventions should be implemented to improve the mental health level of female migrant workers.

Objective: To investigate the reproductive health status of female workers in petrochemical industry, and to provide a reference for improving reproductive health status and developing preventive and control measures for female workers in petrochemical industry. Methods: A face-to-face questionnaire survey was performed from January to October, 2016. The Questionnaire on Women's Reproductive Health was used to investigate the reproductive health of female workers in petrochemical industry. The multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify the influencing factors for reproductive health of female workers in petrochemical industry. Results: Among the 7485 female workers, 1 268 (40.9%) had abnormal menstrual period, 1 437 (46.4%) had abnormal menstrual volume, 177 (28.5%) had hyperplasia of mammary glands, and 1 807 (24.6%) had gynecological inflammation. The reproductive system diseases in female workers in petrochemical industry were associated with the factors including age, marital status, education level, unhealthy living habits, abortion, overtime work, work shift, workload, video operation, occupational exposure, positive events, and negative events, and among these factors, negative events (odds ratio[OR]= 1.856) , unhealthy living habits (OR=1.542) , and positive events (OR=1.516) had greater impact on reproductive system diseases. Conclusion Many chemical substances in the occupational environment of petrochemical industry can cause damage to the reproductive system, which not only affects the health of the female workers, but also poses potential threats to the health of their offspring. Occupational exposure, unhealthy living habits, overtime work, and work shift have great influence on reproductive system diseases in female workers.