Objective To explore the correlation between heart rate recovery after exercise test and disease severity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)and assess its impact on the exercise capacity of COPD patients.Methods Arterial blood gas analysis, pulmonary lung function test and cardiopulmonary exercise testing were performed in 60 patients with stable COPD and 50 healthy volunteers.Based on the heart rate recovery after exercise test, COPD patients were divided into normal heart rate recovery group(n =41)and abnormal heart rate recovery group(n =19).Results The COPD patients had lower exercise capacity(peak oxygen uptake as percentage of predicted value, peak VO2％ pred)(66 ± 15vs.89±11, P＜0.01), peak heart rate [(134±21)vs.(149±13)beats/min, P＜0.01], heart rate recovery[(18 ± 9)vs.(27 ± 10)beats/min, P ＜ 0.01] and higher resting heart rate [(83 ± 13)vs.(77 ± 13)beats/min, P ＜0.01] than the controls.Compared with normal heart rate recovery group, forced expiratory volume in one second as percentage of predicted(FEV1 ％ pred)and exercise capacity decreased more significantly in abnormal heart rate recovery group(38 ± 15 vs.52 ± 16, P＜0.05 and 57 ± 12 vs.71 ±14, P ＜0.01).Heart rate recovery was significantly correlated with FEV1％ pred and peak V O2％ pred(r=0.42, P ＜ 0.01 and r =0.52, P ＜ 0.01).Multivariate regression analysis showed that heart rate recovery and FEV1 ％ pred could be used as independent predictors of exercise capacity in COPD patients.Conclusion In COPD patients, heart rate recovery is correlated with the degree of disease severity and it may be an independent predictor of exercise capacity.

Objective:To explore the effectiveness of artificial intelligent (AI) quality control system on the standard mid-sagittal view of fetal face in 11-13 +6 weeks of gestation. Methods:The quality of the images was evaluated using online " Intelligent ultrasonic quality control system" for 1 063 sections of fetal Nuchal translucency ultrasound images in the Ultrasound Department of Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital of Southern Medical University. The manual quality control results and time consuming of two experts were compared with AI. The gold standard was decided by experts group with higher seniority.Results:The overall standard rate, substandard rate and nonstandard rate of the image evaluated by the intelligent quality control system was 87.3%, 2.82%, and 9.88%. The overall accuracy of images was 96.6%. The coincidence rates between AI and the two experts were 96.1% and 96.3%, respectively, with strong consistency (Kappa were 0.835 and 0.845 respectively). The time required for intelligent quality control was significantly shorter than manual quality control (208 s vs 6 696 s/6 602 s). All the differences were statistically significant ( Z=-3.981, P<0.001). Conclusions:The intelligent quality control system could accurately and quickly evaluate whether the mid-sagittal view of fetal face in 11-13 +6 weeks of gestation is standard.

Objective:To develop an artificial intelligence (AI) quality control model of fetal heart in the first trimester and verify its effectiveness.Methods:A total of 18 694 images of the four-chamber view(4CV) and three-vessel and tracheal view(3VT) of fetal heart in the first trimester were selected from Shenzhen Maternal and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University since January 2022 to December 2022. A total of 14 432 images were manually annotated. The one-stage target detection algorithm YOLO V5 was used to train the AI quality control model in the first trimester of fetal heart, and 4 262 images (golden standard set by expert group) were used to evaluate the application effectiveness of AI quality control model. Kappa consistency test was used to compare the results of section classification and standard degree judgment from AI quality control model, Doctor 1(D1) and Doctor 2(D2).Results:①Precision of the AI quality control model was 0.895, recall was 0.852, mean average precision (mAP 50) was 0.873.The average precision(AP) of the AI quality control model for section classification was 0.907 (4CV) and 0.989 (3VT), respectively. ②Compared with the gold standard, the overall coincidence rate and consistency of section classification of AI quality control model, D1 and D2 were 99.91% (Kappa=0.998), 100% (Kappa=1.000), 100% (Kappa=1.000), respectively. The coincidence rate and consistency of the plane standard degree evaluation from the AI quality control model, D1 and D2 were 97.46% (Weighted Kappa=0.932), 93.73% (Weighted Kappa=0.847), and 93.12% (Weighted Kappa=0.832), respectively. Strong consistency was displayed. Moreover, AI quality control model showed the highest coincidence rate and the strongest consistency in judging section standard degree, which was superior to manual quality control. The time-consuming of AI quality control (0.012 s/sheet) was significantly less than the way of manual quality control (4.76-6.11 s/sheet)( Z=-8.079, P<0.001). Conclusions:The use of artificial intelligent fetal heart quality control model in the first trimester can effectively and accurately control the image quality.

Objective:To analyze the correlation between cuproptosis genes and immune infiltration during the occurrence and development of multiple sclerosis(MS),and to predict the traditional Chinese medicine,to provide theoretical basis for the mecha-nism study of cuproptosis in MS immune infiltration and Chinese medicine to intervene in immune regulation.Methods:The gout chip of MS was downloaded from the GEO database and standardized;based on the processed data,immune cells and functions were ex-tracted and quantified,and the correlation and differences of immune cells and functions were analyzed;at the same time,cuproptosis genes related to MS were screened out,a risk model was constructed,and enrichment analysis was carried out;the prediction of cu-proptosis genes and immune-related biological processes were carried out.Results:① Among immune cells,T follicular helper cell and B cell showed the strongest positive correlation;among the immune functions,parainflammation and typeⅠIFN reponse showed the strongest positive correlation;②B cell,T helper cell and human leukocyte antigen were lowly expressed in MS patients,while major histocompatibility complex class Ⅰ,parainflammation and typeⅠIFN response were significantly expressed;③ The cupropto-sis genes associated with MS were SLC31A1,PDHA1,NLRP3,MTF1,GLS and DBT,of which DBT was the most likely risk factor for MS;④The occurrence and development of MS involves biological processes such as IL-4 production,T-helper cell differentiation,and acute inflammatory response,which were related to pathways such as arginine biosynthesis,citrate cycle,and propanoate metabo-lism;⑤Banxia,Danshen,Jianghuang and other traditional Chinese medicines may be used as potential molecular drug sources.Con-clusion:The expression of cuproptosis gene is closely related to MS-related immune cells and functions,which can provide support for the basic research of MS.