BACKGROUND: Neuroglioma is easy to recur, the focus of infection in which is rich in new vessels. Different expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) may be related with the pathologic changes and recurrence of tumor.OBJECTIVE: To analyze the characteristics of VEGF expression in recurrent brain glioma.DESIGN: Control test.SETTLNG: Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University.PARTICIPANTS: Forty-four (22 pairs) samples of neurogliocytoma before and after the recurrence with complete clinical data were collected from143 paraffin embedded samples, which were obtained from the operation between June 1996 and June 2001 in West China Hospital and pathologically proved to be brain gliomas. Samples were collected separately from the first operation and first recurrence, in which 8 cases belonged to grade Ⅰ of Kernohan scale, 10 were grade Ⅱ , 14 were grade Ⅲ and 12 were grade Ⅳ. The enrolled samples were divided into two groups: primary group and recurrent group with 22 cases in each group.METHODS: The immunohistochemiscal method was adopted. First antibody was goat-anti-human VEGF (mono-antibody), and second antibody was rabbit-anti-goat with the working concentration of 1:50. The phosphate buffered solution (PBS) was taken as negative control for staining instead of first antibody. The protein expression of VEGF in brain gliomas of 44 cases before and after the recurrence were detected and the cross-check analysis was conducted by combing with pathologic grades. ① The buff grains in intracytoplasm were positive signals. ②MPLAS-500 media mix chromatic pathologic imaging and literal analytical system were used to detect the PU (positive unit) value and number of tumor cells.③95% were the critical value of PU value, and the positive cell rates were calculated respectively. ④Routine hematoxylin-eosin stain was used for pathologic grades (Kernohan). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① PU value and the intensity of VEGF expression in brain glioma samples before and after the recurrence. ②The pathologic grades of brain gliomas before and after the recurrence. RESULTS: ①The expression of VEGF in primary and recurrent groups of brain glioma: the primary group was 21.927 3±6.607 and the recurrent group was 33.054 5±6.684. ② Pathologic grades: In 8 cases of primary grade Ⅰ gliomas, there were 2 cases of grade Ⅱ in recurrence, 5 cases of grade Ⅲ in recurrence, 1 case of grade Ⅳ in recurrence. In 6 cases of primary grade Ⅱ gliomas, there were 2 cases of grade Ⅱ in recurrence, 1case of grade Ⅲ in recurrence, 3 cases of grade Ⅳ in recurrence. In 6eases of primary grade Ⅲ .gliomas, 2 cases of grade Ⅲ in recurrence, 4cases of grade Ⅳ in recurrence. In 2 cases of primary grade Ⅳ gliomas,there were 2 cases of grade Ⅳ in recurrence. ③ Differences in PU value of VEGF protein expressions and pathologic grades of brain glioma samples before and after recurrence in self-compared detection were remarkable (P＜0.05).CONCLUSION: The expression of VEGF in recurrent glioma is higher than primary glioma, and there is a worsening tendency in recurrent tumor and the high-expression of VEGF in glioma plays an important role in the recurrence.

Objective To discuss the feasibility of neuroendoscopic third ventriculostomy for chronic posttraumatic hydrocephalus (PTH).Methods Nineteen cases of chronic PTH treated with neuroendoscopic third ventriculostomy between October 2010 and October 2014 were analyzed retrospectively.There were 13 males and 6 females, aged 11-57 years (mean, 36.3 years).Trauma resulted from traffic accidents in 14 cases, falls in 4 cases and blunt object hitting in 1 case.Of the 19 cases analyzed, 5 had Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 13-15, 5 had score of 9-12 and 9 had score of 5-8 at admission.Results of operation were assessed with the Canada multicenter evaluation criteria.Prognosis was analyzed with the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS).Results All cases were followed up for mean 13.6 months (range, 6-26 months).Improvement of symptoms was achieved in 17 cases, but was not seen in 2 cases.Of the 2 cases, one required ventriculoperitoneal shunt two weeks after ineffective ventriculostomy, and one required second ventriculostomy one month after the presence of stoma blockage.No serious complications occurred.At follow-up, 9 cases had GOS score of 5, 8 cases had score of 4 and 2 cases had score of 3.Conclusions Neuroendoscopic third ventriculostomy is in line with the physical characteristics in cerebrospinal fluid circulation, which implies no shunt implantation, less operative trauma and less complications.The procedure is an effective approach for chronic PTH.

Chinese medicinal materials occupy an important position in China's health industry. However, its overall quality needs to be improved and it is in urgent need of regulation. Exploring the formation of effective organizational mechanisms and industry models has become an urgent need of the industry. In this context, the alliance of coconstruction and sharing Chinese herbal medicine base came into being. The alliance is based on the pursuit of the quality of Chinese herbal medicines and continues to promote the construction of Chinese herbal medicines. The Alliance provides a platform for economic and scientific cooperation in the industry. Its purpose is to guide the promotion of the standardization of local varieties and the construction of modern Chinese medicine agricultural enterprises based on the development needs of Chinese herbal medicine resources and the common interests of all members. As an important content, we will strive to expand the new pattern of coordinated development of traditional Chinese medicine agriculture and industry, explore the establishment of a new organizational system for modern Chinese medicine agricultural production with controllable quality, output and price under the link of production and demand. For the sustainable, stable and healthy development of the Chinese medicine industry, it will serve 1.3 billion people and serve humanity, provide high-quality sustainable Chinese herbal medicine resources. Since its establishment six years ago, the alliance has carried out work on key aspects such as standardized production of Chinese herbal medicines, plant protection, decoction processing, supply and demand docking, medicinal materials standards, poverty alleviation, breeding, and provided technical support to enterprises. During this period, the alliance also proposed the concept of"three-no and one- all"requires the members to take the lead in achieving the standards of"sulfur- free processing, no aflatoxin pollution, pollution-free, traceable throughout the whole", setting a benchmark for the industry.

Objective To explore the effect of ropivacaine combined with dexmedetomidine in transversus abdominis plane block(TAPB)on postoperative stress hormones and cognitive function in patients undergoing laparoscopic radical gastrectomy.Methods A total of 80 patients undergoing laparoscopic radical gastrectomy at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University from April to October 2023 were selected as the research subjects.According to different anesthesia methods,the patients were divided into the observation group and the control group,with 40 patients in each group.Patients in the observation group were injected bilaterally with 2.5 g·L-1 ropivacaine and 0.5 μg·kg-1 dexmedetomidine for TAPB,with 20 mL injection on each side.Patients in the control group were injected bilaterally with 2.5 g·L-1 ropivacaine for TAPB,with 20 mL injection on each side.Mean arterial pressure(MAP)and heart rate(HR)were recorded at the time of admission to the operating room(T1),immediately after endotracheal intubation(T2),40 minutes after pneumoperitoneum(T3),and 15 minutes after extubation(T4).Radioimmunoprecipitation was used to detect serum cortisol(COR)level,and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure serum norepinephrine(NE)and epinephrine(E)levels at 1,6,12,and 24 hours after surgery.Visual analog scale(VAS)was used to assess pain at rest,and Ramsay sedation scale(RSS)was used to evaluate sedation depth.The doses of propofol and sufentanil were compared between the two groups.Serum β-amyloid(Aβ)and S100β protein levels at 1 day before surgery,1 and 3 days after surgery were detected by using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,and cognitive function was assessed at the same time points by using the mini-mental state examination(MMSE).Results At T,and T2,there was no significant difference in MAP and HR between the control group and the observation group(P＞0.05).At T3 and T4,MAP and HR in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05).At 1,6,and 12 hours postoperatively,VAS score in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P＜0.05).At 24 hours postoperatively,there was no significant difference in VAS score between the control group and observation group(P＞0.05).At 1 and 6 hours postoperatively,RSS score in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P＜0.05).At 12 and 24 hours postoperatively,there was no significant difference in RSS score between the control group and observation group(P＞0.05).At 1,6,and 12 hours postoperatively,COR,NE,and E levels in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05).At 24 hours postoperatively,there was no significant difference in COR,NE,and E levels between the control group and observation group(P＞0.05).The doses of propofol and sufentanil in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05).One day before surgery,there was no significant difference in MMSE score between the control group and observation group(P＞0.05).At 1 and 3 days postoperatively,MMSE score in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P＜0.05).One day before surgery,there was no significant difference in serum Aβ and S100β protein levels between the control group and observation group(P＞0.05).At 1 and 3 days postoperatively,serum Aβ and S100β protein levels in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Ropivacaine combined with dexmedetomidine in TAPB in radical gastrectomy can significantly reduce postoperative pain,increase sedative effect,prolong the duration of TAPB,and benefit patients'postoperative recovery with reduced cognitive impairment.

Acute hypobaric hypoxic brain damage is a potentially fatal high-altitude sickness. Autophagy plays a critical role in ischemic brain injury, but its role in hypobaric hypoxia (HH) remains unknown. Here we used an HH chamber to demonstrate that acute HH exposure impairs autophagic activity in both the early and late stages of the mouse brain, and is partially responsible for HH-induced oxidative stress, neuronal loss, and brain damage. The autophagic agonist rapamycin only promotes the initiation of autophagy. By proteome analysis, a screen showed that protein dynamin2 (DNM2) potentially regulates autophagic flux. Overexpression of DNM2 significantly increased the formation of autolysosomes, thus maintaining autophagic flux in combination with rapamycin. Furthermore, the enhancement of autophagic activity attenuated oxidative stress and neurological deficits after HH exposure. These results contribute to evidence supporting the conclusion that DNM2-mediated autophagic flux represents a new therapeutic target in HH-induced brain damage.
Mice ; Animals ; Hypoxia ; Oxidative Stress ; Autophagy ; Cognition ; Sirolimus/therapeutic use*