Objective:To examine the utilization and cost of outpatient care and their influencing fac-tors among middle and aged peasant-workers in China. Methods:The data of China Health and Retire-ment Longitudinal Study ( CHARLS) collected in 2011-2012 were used and the data on peasant-workers aged 45 years and older were analyzed with Two-part Model. Results: The four-week outpatient rate of middle and aged peasant-workers was 13. 7% (407/2 974). The determinants of the rate included gen-der, marital status, economic level, household size, the place of insurance enrollment, self-assessed health and having or having no chronic diseases. The average outpatient cost was (400. 3 ± 56. 7) yuan (RMB) and the median was 138. 0 yuan. Multivariate analyses showed that outpatient costs were higher for those males who lived in Eastern China and worked at the same place with insurance enrollment, with fair to bad self-assessed health and chronic diseases. Conclusion:Allowing higher flexibility for migrants to transfer the new rural cooperative medical system ( NCMS ) between rural and urban areas and thus making reimbursement for medical services provided by undesignated providers received immediately could increase the use of outpatient services.

OBJECTIVE: Explore the TGF-beta1 and collagen fibers in chronic nasal sinusitis each type and degree of expression of the normal control group and in the nasal mucosa epithelial tissue remodeling and the role of TGF-beta1 and collagen deposition relationship. METHOD: Sixty-two patients experimental group (CRSwNP of 21 cases. CRSs NP group of 15 cases. 11 cases of recurrent nasal polyps; control group 15 cases specimens for immunohistochemistry and masson collagen staining. Manual counting the number of positive cells by the Mann-Whitney U test to analyze the expression in experimental group and the control group. Experimental group and control group between the single-factor analysis of variance with a One-Way ANOVA analysis. RESULT: Experimental group and control group were expressed TGF-beta1 with collagen deposition. Which, TGF-beta1 in CRSsNP group was significantly lower than the control group (P < 0.05), CRSwNP group was significantly increased compared with CRSsNP group (P < 0.05); masson collagen staining, CRSsNP group was significantly lower than the control group (P < 0.01), recurrent nasal polyps group than in the control group was significantly increased (P < 0.05). TGF-beta1 and collagen staining masson positive correlation between (P < 0.01 ). CONCLUSION TGF-beta1 and collagen deposi tion and chronic nasal-sinusitis tissue remodeling has its relevance. Furthermore. TGF-beta1 expression increased with excessive deposition of collagen fibers also positively correlated.
Adult ; Case-Control Studies ; Chronic Disease ; Collagen ; metabolism ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Nasal Mucosa ; metabolism ; Rhinitis ; metabolism ; pathology ; Sinusitis ; metabolism ; pathology ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; metabolism ; Young Adult

AIM:To investigate the construction of oligonucleotide microarray specialized for pancreatic adenocarcinoma-associated genes and its preliminary application of detecting differential expressed genes in pancreatic cancer.METHODS:Pancreatic cancer related genes were purposely selected,and oligonucleotide microarray was prepared by spotting oligonucleotide probes on glass slides coated with APS-PDC.Labeled cDNA targets for hybridizations were synthesized by reverse transcription from total RNA in the presence of Cy5-dCTP and Cy3-dCTP,respectively.Hybridized microarray was scanned by Agilent laser scanner,and the aquired image was analyzed by Imagene3.0 software.The intensity ratios of Cy3 and Cy5 were calculated.To confirm the expression profiles of these genes,quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (QRT-PCR) was carried out for CDC25B and TUSC3 genes,and β-actin gene was taken as internal control.The product of PCR was quantitated by comparative Ct method.RESULTS:The signal of microarray hybridization was clear,and the images had a lower background and higher signal-noise ratio.In comparison with normal pancreas,twenty -four differentially expressed genes were identified which included seventeen up-regulated and seven down-regulated genes.The results of QRT-PCR demonstrated that the expressions of CDC25B and TUSC3 in pancreatic cancer were up-regulated and down-regulated respectively,which is consistent with microarray results.CONCLUSION:The oligonucleotide microarray specialized for pancreatic cancer is desirable for its specialty and sensitivity,which can simultaneously and parallelly detect multiple pancreatic cancer-associated genes.

Objective To investigate and determine the dietary intake level and food source of elements in Kashin-Beck disease(KBD) and non-endemic KBD areas in parts of Aba Autonomous Prefecture , Sichuan Province. Methods Three KBD villages were selected from each county including the counties of Songpan , Jiuzhaigou and Ruoergai in Aba Autonomous Prefecture with multi stage random sampling method in 2010 , and 122 KBD patients who were diagnosed at county-level or higher-level hospitals were selected from villages. One non-KBD village was selected randomly from each county and 43 controls without KBD or other bone and joint disease were selected in proportion to the number of investigated KBD patients. Dietary intake of each object was recorded 24 hours before the survey using a 24 hour dietary survey method and intake of each kind of food(cooked food) was recorded. Three day dietary intake of each surveyed object was recorded in continuous and the average value was calculated. The local resident representative food samples were collected and 20 kinds of elements in these samples were determined with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry ( ICP-MS ) and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry(ICP-AES), and daily elements intake was calculated and compared with the relevant intake standards. Results Daily intakes of vegetables and meat were 126.72, 28.25 g, respectively, in patients with KBD. More than 3 times of brick tea was drank by KBD patients than non-KBD people (P<0.05). Per capita daily intakes of Ca, Fe, Mg, K, Na, Zn, I, Cu and Co were less than recommended nutrient intake or allowable daily intake in both groups. More than 80% patients with KBD overtook more Al and Pb than tolerable upper intake levels. Conclusion There is a single dietary structure and a serious shortage of a variety of essential elements intake in parts of Aba Autonomous Prefecture, and the dietary intake level of elements is different between two groups.

AIM: The role of external-signal regulated kinaseⅠ/Ⅱ(ERKⅠ/Ⅱ) in the induction and maintenance of spinal long-term potentiation(LTP) is evaluated.METHODS: The C-fiber evoked field potentials were recorded at the superficial layers of spinal dorsal horn at the lumbar enlargement.RESULTS:(1) PD98059(100 ?mol/L) or SL327(200(?mol/L)),a selective MEK inhibitor,completely blocked LTP induction when applied at 30 min prior to tetanic stimulation.(2) PD98059 or SL327 reversed spinal LTP in a time-dependent manner.At 15 min after LTP induction,PD98059(100 ?mol/L) or SL327(200 ?mol/L) reversed LTP completely,and at 30 min after LTP induction,the inhibitory rate of spinal LTP inhibited by PD98059 or SL327 was 62.5% and 75.0%, respectively.At 1 h after LTP induction,however,the same concentration of PD98059 or SL327 did not affect the spinal LTP.CONCLUSION: Activation of ERKⅠ/Ⅱ in spinal dorsal horn may be crucial for the induction and the early-phase maintenance of LTP of C-fiber evoked field potentials.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for improving the rationality of the personnel of pharmacy department and pro-moting the development of related pharmacy work in hospitals of Bengbu. METHODS:Questionnaire was designed to investigate and statistically analyze the general situation of secondary and tertiary hospitals in Bengbu in aspects of personnel,dispensing work-load and post setting,suggestions were put forward. RESULTS:Totally 13 questionnaires were sent out,10 were effectively re-ceived with the effective rate of 76.9%. The average proportion of investigated pharmacy staff to the whole health technical workers was 5.0%;primary pharmacist was 39.0%,chief pharmacist was 2.2%;college education was 44.9%,master degree or above was 3.0% ;the average daily prescription volume of outpatient was 375,daily trips of inpatient department was 267;4.4% of the staff were engaged in clinical pharmacy,only 4 hospitals carried out clinical pharmacy work;only 1 hospital had the Pharmacy Intrave-nous Admixture Service (PIVAS). CONCLUSIONS:The hospital pharmacy personnel configuration is not reasonable in Bengbu, dispensing is overloaded,the development of PIVAS is lagging behind,clinical pharmacy work remains to be further improved. It is suggested to promote the work of hospital pharmacy by increasing the numbers of pharmacy personnel,technical titles and practi-cal skills of the pharmacy staff,strengthening the construction of PIVAS and the cultivation of clinical pharmacists according to the condition.

Humans ; Integrative Medicine ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Occupational Diseases ; therapy ; Osteoarthritis, Knee ; therapy

AIM To study the effect of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis on serum IL-1? and TNF-? level of rheumatoid arthritis rats, as well as its mechanism. METHODS An experimental type Ⅱ collagen-induced arthritic rats was established. The inhibitory effects on paw edema were observed, and serum IL-1? and TNF-? levels were determined in experimental rats. RESULTS Compared with models, Gardenia jasminoides Ellis inhibited paw edema on rats significantly, and the levels of serum IL-1? and TNF-? showed markedly decrease by Gardenia jasminoides Ellis at high dose to medium dose( P

Objective By studying the different blood volume blood donors machine adopt platelet product aggregation,platelet content,the machine adopt circulating volume,etc,analysis of different blood volume machine adopt donors on appropriate conditions.Methods The base material of randomly selected 307 blood donors,through blood related index in the study of circulating volume,blood volume,gender,platelets,Hct,Pct count before collection,machine adopt of platelet aggregation and the relationship between the acquisition time;different blood volume,blood platelet count grouping machine adopt the different of platelet aggregation rate,different amount of platelets collect blood volume group,the comparison of blood circulation.The use of statistical software SPSS 17.0,data analysis,analysis including multiple regression analysis,chi-square test,t test,etc.Results 1)The lower count of platelets,Hct,Pct count before collection,the longer the acquisition time,and gender and Pct has nothing to do with the acquisition time the longer the acquisition time,the higher the machine adopt the possibility of platelet aggregation.2)Low blood volume and low platelet count group,machine mining platelet aggregation rate is higher.3)Machine adopt donors of blood volume is higher,the machine adopt the platelet collection amount,the more and the less blood circulation.Conclusion According to the different blood volume blood donors check-up indicators,further carries on the reasonable analysis,optimized machine mining scheme,especially to reasonable arrangement of low blood volume blood donors,so as to improve the quality of platelet collection.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the incidence rate of nasal septum fracture and it's influence on the effect of nasal bone reduction. METHODS Retrospective analysis of 212 cases of nasal fracture compared with nasal septum deviation were carried out. Among these cases 112 treated with nasal bone reduction only was called group A; the other cases were treated with nasal reduction concomitantly with septoplasty. Among them 58 cases were diagnosed with nasal septum fracture, it was called group B; 42 cases were diagnosed with nasal septum deviation, it was called group C. The postoperative nasal deformity rate was assessed, and the intraoperative findings of nasal septum contrast with preoperative CT diagnosis was analysed. RESULTS Three months after the operation, 27 cases (24.1%) of nasal deformity were found in group A; 9(9.0%) cases of nasal deformity were found in group B+C; septum fracture was found in 58 cases (100%) in group B and 30(71.8%) cases in group C introperatively. The diagnosis rate of nasal septum fracture by CT was 58.0%, while it's incidence rate was 88.0%. CONCLUSION More nasal septum fractures were observed introperatively than CT findings, and septoplasty concomitantly with nasal bone reduction can obviously reduce the rate of nasal deformity.