Objective To study the relationship between menstrual disorder and ovarian morphology of adolescent women in order to provide basis for diagnosis of adolescent polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).Methods We analyzed the clinical data of 212 patients with adolescent menstrual disorders 2 years after menstruation collected from the Department of Gynecology and Women's Health of First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University between September 2014 and September 2015.Results ① Oligomenorrhea was the most common in the 212 adolescent women (33.96 ％),followed by amenorrhea (16.51％).There was a significant difference in F-G score and acne score among patients with different types of menstrual disorder (F=1.39,1.77,all P＜0.05),the highest in those with oligomenorrhea.② The volume of the ovary,number of sinusoidal follicles,maximum area of the ovary in women with oligomenorrhea were significantly higher than those in non-oligomenorrhea women (t =2.89,5.76,6.23,all P＜ 0.05).③ Clinical manifestations differed significantly among normal ovarian group,MFO group and PCO group (x2=43.25,P＜0.05).Incidence rate of oligomenorrhea ranked the top in polycystic ovary group (49.30％),followed by multiple ovarian follicles group (42.59％),and there were significant differences in blood LH,T,and LH/FSH (F=3.45,2.43,2.76,all P＜0.05) was found in PCO group.There was significant difference in diagnosis of puberty PCOS (x2=26.58,P＜0.05).④ Among these 212 adolescent women,45 ones had puberty PCOS (21.23％).The ovary volume,number of sinus follicles,and the largest area in the obese patients were significantly higher than those in non-obese group (t =3.42,7.89,4.02,all P＜0.05);HOMA IR was also significantly higher than that in non-obese group (t =8.89,10.62,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Oligomenorrhea is the most common menstrual disorder in adolescent women.Ovarian morphological abnormalities occur in most women with oligomenorrhea and obesity,who should be followed up regularly.

Objective To explore the electrophysiological charaterstics of upper extremities nerves on the patients with Hirayama disease (HD),amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS),and distal cervical spondylotic amyotrophy (DCSA).Methods The data of electrophysiological examination of the upper limbs of 87 patients with HD,83 with ALS and 28 with DCSA were reviewed retrospectively.Seventy-two patients with HD among 87 had unilateral upper limb's amyotrophy and the other 15 ones had bilateral amyotrophy.There were 30 patients had unilater upper limb's amyotrophy and 53 ones had bilateral amyotrophy from the group of patients with ALS; 20 patients with DSCA were affected unilaterally and 8 ones were bilaterally affected.Results Compound muscle action potential (CMAP) evoked by ulnar stimulation had a lower ampititude compared with that evoked by median stimulation in HD patients.In ALS cases that was just the opposite.However,the CMAPs were similar in DCSA cases.The mean ratio of CMAP amplitude by ulnar stimulation to by median stimulation was 0.58±0.40 in HD group; 2.28±1.25 in ALS and 1.31±0.63 in DCSA.The differences in the three groups were statistical significance.The U/M CMAP ratio was less than 0.6in 62 patients with HD,3 with ALS and 1 with DCSA,and more than 1.7 in 73 cases (57 ALS,12 HD and 4 DCSA).Conduction velocities (CV) of the sensory and motor nerves,the amplitude of the sensory nerve action potential in bilateral limbs,and the CMAP amplitude of the unaffected limb were normal in all cases.Conclusion This study could concluded that the severity of amyotropy in hypothenar mucles were higher than that in thenal muscles in patients with HD; there was just opposite in ALS cases and similar in DSCA.

Objective To investigate the effect of small interfering RNA (siRNA) suppressing discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1) gene on biological behaviour of Kupffer cells (KC) in acute hepatic injury. Methods Male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into control, hepatic injury model, non-silencing siRNA and DDRlsiRNA groups. Hepatic injury model induced by intravenous injection of Con-canavalinA (ConA) 15 mg/kg, with or without hydrodynamic tail intravenous injection of naked siRNA (50 μg,2.0-2.5 mg/kg)/mouse or 1.5 ml normal saline. The expression of DDRI was assayed by West-ern blot and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression analyzed by ELISA. In the meantime, alanine amin-otransferase (ALT) and Kupffer cells'clearance to carbon granules was detected. Results The expres-sion of DDR1 obviously increasod at 6 h after hepatic injury, roached peak at 24 h and began to decrease at 48 h. Pretreatment with DDRisiRNA could obviously inhibit the expression of DDR1 and abrogate the high levels of ALT, expressions of TNF-α and IL-1β as well as phagocytosis of Kupffer cells. Conclu-sions Inhibition of discoidin domain receptor 1 by in vivo delivery of siRNA attenuates ConA-induced hepatic injury. Possible mechanism is that the inhibition of activity of KC inhibits the expression of pro-in-flammatory cytokines and thus alleviates hepatic injury.

Microgravity is a typical feature of the space. A large number of space flights and foundation simulation experiments have shown that cells show typical biological characteristics of aging, such as reduced cell proliferation and cell cycle arrest under microgravity or simulated microgravity. However, the molecular mechanism by which microgravity or simulated microgravity affects cellular senescence is not well understood. Understanding the mechanism controlling cellular senescence induced by microgravity environment is helpful for exploring anti-aging strategies and targeted interventions in space. In recent years, domestic and foreign scholars have carried out a number of researches and explorations on the effect of microgravity and simulated microgravity on cellular senescence as well as the related mechanisms. In this review, the latest research progress of this filed was summarized.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of drug eluting stents vs metal bare stents for femoral popliteal arteriosclerosis obliterans.Methods The clinical data of 47 patients with femoral popliteal arte-riosclerosis obliterans receiving endovascular therapy from October 2020 to June 2021 were retrospectively ana-lyzed.A total of 24 cases received drug-eluting stents(DES group)and 23 cases underwent metal bare stents(BMS group).Results All patients successfully completed the operation without any adverse events.There was no statistical difference in ABI between the DES group and the BMS group at 7 days and 3 months after surgery,and ABI growth value of the DES group was higher than that of the BMS group at 6,12 and 24 months after surgery(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the primary patency rate at 6 months after surgery,However,the primary patency rate in DES group was higher than that in BMS group at 12 and 24 months after surgery(91.7%vs.65.2%,83.3%vs.56.5%,P<0.05).For the target lesion revascularization rate of the two groups,DES group had a significant advantage over BMS group(4.0%vs.26.1%,P<0.05).Conclusion DES had better clinical efficacy and advantage over bare metal stent for the treatment of femoral popliteal arteriosclerosis obliterans.

The E (envelope) protein is the smallest structural protein in all coronaviruses and is the only viral structural protein in which no variation has been detected. We conducted genome sequencing and phylogenetic analyses of SARS-CoV. Based on genome sequencing, we predicted the E protein is a transmembrane (TM) protein characterized by a TM region with strong hydrophobicity and alpha-helix conformation. We identified a segment (NH2-_L-Cys-A-Y-Cys-Cys-N_-COOH) in the carboxyl-terminal region of the E protein that appears to form three disulfide bonds with another segment of corresponding cysteines in the carboxyl-terminus of the S (spike) protein. These bonds point to a possible structural association between the E and S proteins. Our phylogenetic analyses of the E protein sequences in all published coronaviruses place SARS-CoV in an independent group in Coronaviridae and suggest a non-human animal origin.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Cluster Analysis ; Codon ; genetics ; Gene Components ; Genome, Viral ; Membrane Glycoproteins ; metabolism ; Membrane Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Protein Conformation ; SARS Virus ; genetics ; Sequence Alignment ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sequence Homology ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus ; Viral Envelope Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism

AIM:To study whether glycyrrhizic acid(GL)can resist the ototoxicity of cisplatin(CDDP)in mice and its molecular mechanism.METHODS:Male C57BL/6J mice were divided into 5 groups:control group,DMSO(5%)group,CDDP(4 mg/kg)group,CDDP+low-dose(50 mg/kg)GL group,and CDDP+high-dose(100 mg/kg)GL group(n=14).Auditory brainstem response(ABR)was used to detect hearing changes of mice.HE staining was used to observe the morphological change of cochlear stria vascular in mice.Evans blue(EB)staining was used to observe the per-meability change of the blood-labyrinth barrier(BLB).Immunohistochemical technique was used to detect the expression and distribution of adhesion protein VE-cadherin and tight junction protein ZO-1 on the cochlear stria.ELISA assay and immunofluorescence technology were employed to detect the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and interleu-kin-1β(1L-1β).RESULTS:In CDDP group,ABR waveforms of all frequencies were disturbed,the hearing threshold was significantly increased,and I wave latency was prolonged(P＜0.05).In CDDP+GL group,ABR waveforms of various frequencies were well differentiated,the hearing threshold was significantly decreased,and the latency of I-wave was shortened(P＜0.01).The disordered morphology and more vacuoles in the stria vascularis were observed by HE staining in CDDP group.The GL alleviated CDDP-induced damage in the stria vascularis.In EB staining,CDDP caused an increase in per-meability of BLB(P＜0.01),which was improved by GL treatment(P＜0.01).Immunohistochemical results showed that the expression of VE-cadherin and ZO-1 in CDDP group were decreased(P＜0.01),which was restored in CDDP+GL group(P＜0.01).The ELISA and immunofluorescence results showed that the expression of IL-1β and TNF-α was in-creased after CDDP treatment(P＜0.01),which was restored in CDDP+GL group(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION:The GL alleviates CDDP-induced hearing loss in mice by inhibiting CDDP-induced inflammation and reducing the permeability of BLB.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the regulatory mechanism of human hepatocyte apoptosis induced by lysosomal membrane protein Sidt2 knockout. METHODS: The Sidt2 knockout (Sidt2^-/-) cell model was constructed in human hepatocyte HL7702 cells using Crispr-Cas9 technology.The protein levels of Sidt2 and key autophagy proteins LC3-II/I and P62 in the cell model were detected using Western blotting, and the formation of autophagosomes was observed with MDC staining.EdU incorporation assay and flow cytometry were performed to observe the effect of Sidt2 knockout on cell proliferation and apoptosis.The effect of chloroquine at the saturating concentration on autophagic flux, proliferation and apoptosis of Sidt2 knockout cells were observed. RESULTS: Sidt2^-/- HL7702 cells were successfully constructed.Sidt2 knockout significantly inhibited the proliferation and increased apoptosis of the cells, causing also increased protein expressions of LC3-II/I and P62(P < 0.05) and increased number of autophagosomes.Autophagy of the cells reached a saturated state following treatment with 50 μmol/L chloroquine, and at this concentration, chloroquine significantly increased the expressions of LC3B and P62 in Sidt2^-/- HL7702 cells. CONCLUSION Sidt2 gene knockout causes dysregulation of the autophagy pathway and induces apoptosis of HL7702 cells, and the latter effect is not mediated by inhibiting the autophagy-lysosomal pathway.
Humans ; Lysosome-Associated Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism* ; Autophagy ; Apoptosis ; Hepatocytes ; Lysosomes/metabolism* ; Chloroquine/pharmacology* ; Nucleotide Transport Proteins/metabolism*