OBJECTIVE:To establish the method for dissolution determination of Metoprolol tartrate tablets,and to evaluate the similarity of dissolution curves of generics and original drugs. METHODS:The paddle method was adopted with rotational the speed of 50 r/min,using pH 1.2 hydrochloric acid solution,pH 4.5 acetate buffer solution and pH 6.8 phosphate buffer solution as dissolution media. Fiber-optical drug dissolution real-time measurement instrument was used to determine the dissolution curves of generic and original Metoprolol tartrate tablets with optical distance of 10 mm. Similarity factor (f2) method was used to evaluate its similarity. RESULTS:In 3 dissolution mediums,the f2 of generic and original Metoprolon tartrate tablets were 80.5,66.8, 69.4,respectively,which indicated that the dissolution curves showed similarity. CONCLUSIONS:Established real-time dissolution process analysis method is suitabe for the dissolution determination of Metoprolol tartrate tablets. Generic and eriginal show the sim-ilarity in dissolation behavier,so they have good consistency in quality.

Objective: To investigate the level of chronic disease prevention and control literacy and its influencing factors among residents in Taizhou City, Zhejiang Province, so as to provide insights into formulating health education strategies on chronic diseases. Methods: A total of 32 313 permanent residents at ages of 15 to 69 years were sampled in Taizhou City using the multi-stage stratified random sampling method and probability proportionate to size sampling method (PPS). Subjects' demographic characteristics and chronic disease prevention and control literacy were collected using the national health literacy surveillance questionnaire. The levels of chronic disease prevention and control literacy from 2017 to 2022 were evaluated and standardized by the population data provided by Taizhou Municipal Bureau of Statistics. Factors affecting the chronic disease prevention and control literacy were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: Totally 32 313 questionnaires were distributed, and 32 258 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 99.83%. The median age of participants was 51.00 (interquartile range, 19.00) years. There were 15 754 men (48.84%) and 16 504 women (51.16%), and 11 060 urban residents (34.29%) and 21 198 rural residents (65.71%). Farmer was the predominant occupation (16 003 residents, 49.61%). The level of chronic disease prevention and control literacy among residents in Taizhou City was 32.97%, which was 22.58%, 26.41%, 33.48%, 34.44%, 38.53% and 39.68% from 2017 to 2022, respectively, showing an upward trend (P<0.05) with a cumulative growth rate of 17.10%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that age (15 to 24 years, OR=1.566, 95%CI: 1.309-1.874; 25 to 34 years, OR=1.345, 95%CI: 1.173-1.542; 35 to 44 years, OR=1.482, 95%CI: 1.311-1.675; 45 to 54 years, OR=1.203, 95%CI: 1.078-1.343), educational level (primary school, OR=1.728, 95%CI: 1.546-1.932; junior high school, OR=2.211, 95%CI: 1.977-2.472; high school/vocational high school/technical secondary school, OR=3.368, 95%CI: 2.972-3.817; college or above, OR=7.271, 95%CI: 6.313-8.373), occupation (farmer, OR=0.739, 95%CI: 0.663-0.825; others, OR=0.778, 95%CI: 0.694-0.872), place of residence (urban areas, OR=0.903, 95%CI: 0.852-0.956) and annual household income (30 000 to 49 999 Yuan, OR=1.138, 95%CI: 1.030-1.259; 50 000 to 99 999 Yuan, OR=1.239, 95%CI: 1.143-1.342; 100 000 to 199 999 Yuan, OR=1.445, 95%CI: 1.334-1.566; 200 000 Yuan and above, OR=1.803, 95%CI: 1.629-1.997) were influencing factors for chronic disease prevention and control literacy. Conclusions The level of chronic disease prevention and control literacy among residents in Taizhou City shows an upward trend from 2017 to 2022, with age, educational level, occupation, place of residence and annual household income as the influencing factors.

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the surgical outcomes of endoscop ic and conventional open thyroidectomies in patients with thyroid disease.Methods116 patients with tyroid tumor were enrolled.56 patients underwent endoscopic thyroidectomy ( endoscopic group ),and 60 patients underwent conventional open thyroidectomy( conventional group).We analyzed the patients' clinic characteristics,surgical outcomes and complications between the two groups.ResultsThe blood loss was less in the endoscopic group than the open group[( 16.8 ± 9.6) ml vs ( 24.9 ± 14.2 ) ml,t =- 2.427,P ＜ 0.05].The degree of satisfaction for cosmetic outcome in endoscopy group( 96.4％ ) was higher than that in conventional group ( 16.7％ ) ( x2 =74.508,P ＜ 0.01 ).There was no significant difference in the operating time,volume of drainage and postoperative hospital stay between two groups,and there was no significant difference in the skin ecchymosis,redness and swelling and postoperative pain between two groups( all P ＞ 0.05).No severe postoperative complication was encountered,such as injuries of the re current or superior laryngeal nerve,parathyroid gland injury or massive hemorrhage.ConclusionEndoscopic thyroidectomy has less blood loss,mini-open and excellent cosmetic benefits compared with conventional open thyroidectomy.

Objective:To investigate the ocular characteristics and treatment prognosis of ocular immune reconstruction inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) in patients with cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMVR) complicated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).Methods:A serial case-observational study was conducted.Seventeen eyes from 15 male 21-to 43-year-old AIDS patients combined with CMVR, who were diagnosed with IRIS at Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University from February 2016 to December 2018 were included.The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of patients was recorded, and the intraocular pressure and anterior segment was measured with a non-contact tonometer and a slit-lamp microscope, respectively.The ocular fundus was observed by fundus photography and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to measure the cytomegalovirus deoxyribonucleic acid (CMV-DNA) content in the aqueous humor during the occurrence of IRIS.The flow cytometry was employed to determine the peripheral blood CD4 + T lymphocyte count before highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and during the occurrence of IRIS.All patients were followed for 3 to 25 months, with an average of 15 months.The HAART time of patients was 17 to 104 days, with an average of (66.1±27.4) days.Patients with anterior segment inflammatory reactions were given the anti-inflammatory and mydriatic treatment.Patients with severe vitreous opacity were intravitreally injected with 4 mg of triamcinolone.Patients with macular edema were given 0.5 mg intravitreal injection of conbercept.The study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by an Ethics Committee of Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University (No.[2017]11). Written informed consent was obtained from each patient prior to any examination. Results:Anterior segment inflammation (Tyndall effect, KP, post-iris adhesion) was found in 9 eyes, vitreous opacities to varying degrees in 11 eyes, and macular edema in 2 eyes.The CMV-DNA content was negative (<500 copies/ml) in 15 eyes.The CD4 + T lymphocyte count in peripheral blood during IRIS was 67 (51, 99) cells/μl, which was significantly higher than 17(6, 20) cells/μl before HAART treatment ( Z=-4.48, P<0.01). Two of the 15 AIDS patients had tuberculosis.The BCVA of the patients was improved from 0.30 (0.10, 0.55) before treatment to 0.50 (0.35, 0.60) after treatment, and the difference was statistically significant ( Z=-2.34, P=0.019). Conclusions:The anterior and posterior segment may be involved in IRIS patients with AIDS and CMVR, and the corresponding ocular treatment is effective.

Objective:To observe the ultra-wide-angle fundus imaging characteristics of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) combined with cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMVR).Methods:This study was a retrospective study. From July 2017 to November 2019, 124 eyes of 86 patients diagnosed with AIDS and CMVR at the Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, were included in the study. Among them, 80 patients were males (93.0%) and 6 patients were females (7.0%) with 17-58 years old. The average age was (36.86±8.82) years old. There were 48 cases (55.8%) in one eye and 38 cases (44.2%) in both eyes. All the affected eyes underwent indirect ophthalmoscope fundus examination and Aalborg ultra-wide-angle fundus photography examination. According to the characteristics of CMVR in ultra-wide-angle fundus images, it can be divided into classic type, granular type, frost-like dendritic vasculitis and optic neuroretinitis. We observed and analyzed the type of fundus of the affected eye. According to the position of the vortex vein in the fundus image and record of the lesion as the posterior pole or peripheral part, the scope of the lesion was divided into ≤1 quadrant, >1 quadrant and ≤2 quadrants (1-2 quadrants), >2 quadrants and ≤3 quadrants (2-3 quadrants), >3 and ≤4 quadrants (3-4 quadrants). The upper and lower vascular arches or disc edges of the macula were used as boundaries to record whether the macular area or optic disc was involved. At the same time, we recorded whether the vitreous body had obvious turbidity. The comparison of CD4 + T lymphocyte count between patients of different types was performed by one-way analysis of variance, and the comparison of the positive rate of blood CMV-DNA was performed by the χ2 test; pairwise comparisons between groups were performed by the least significant difference method. Results:Among the 124 eyes, CMVR was classified into 35 eyes (28.2%) with classic type, 68 eyes with granular type (54.8%), 3 eyes with frost-like dendritic vasculitis (2.4%), and 18 eyes with optic neuroretinitis (14.5%). The lesion involved 83 eyes (66.9%) at both the posterior pole and the periphery, 22 eyes (17.7%) confined to the posterior pole, and 19 eyes (15.3%) confined to the periphery; the extent of the lesion was ≤1 quadrant in 76 eyes (61.3%), 23 eyes (18.5%) in 1-2 quadrants, 7 eyes (5.6%) in 2-3 quadrants, and 18 eyes (14.5%) in 3-4 quadrants. 54 eyes (43.5%) showed lesions involving the macular area; 52 eyes (41.9%) had lesions involving the optic disc; 33 eyes (26.6%) showed obvious vitreous inflammatory opacities. Among 86 patients, the average number of CD4 + T lymphocytes in 82 patients was 1 to 168 cells/μl, with an average of 33.60±40.02 cells/μl; the remaining 4 patients (4.7%) were unknown. There was no statistically significant difference in the positive rate of CD4 + T lymphocyte count and blood CMV-DNA load between patients in different subtypes groups ( F=0.863, 0.926; P=0.462, 0.431). Conclusion:The ultra-wide-angle fundus images of AIDS combined with CMVR have certain characteristics, which can manifest as classic, granular, frost-like dendritic vasculitis and optic neuroretinitis.

Objective:To investigate the clinical manifestations of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS) patients with initial-stage cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis (CMVR).Methods:Retrospective case series study. From July 2017 to November 2019, 21 patients with 22 eyes of AIDS combined with CMVR in the initial stage of AIDS and CMVR diagnosed in the eye examination in the study. Among them, there were 19 males with 19 eyes and 2 females with 3 eyes; the average age was 34.3±9.6 years. The average CD4 + T lymphocyte count of patients was 26.1±23.2/μl. Routine fundus screening revealed 17 cases, and the contralateral eye disease was found in 4 cases. There were 13 cases of CMVR in both eyes (61.9%, 13/21). Among them, both eyes were in the initial stage of CMVR, and the contralateral eyes were in the early stage of CMVR in 12 cases. The contralateral eye included 2 cases of human immunodeficiency virus-related retinal microangiopathy, 1 case of optic disc edema, and 5 cases of no obvious abnormality on fundus examination. All patients underwent slit lamp microscopy and ultra-wide-angle fundus photography examination. At the same time, 18 eyes underwent optical coherence tomography (OCT). Blood CMV-DNA detection was performed in 17 cases within 1 week before the first diagnosis; aqueous CMV-DNA detection was performed in 7 eyes within 1 week after the first diagnosis. Within 1 week after the fundus examination, 8 eyes of 8 cases and 8 eyes of 7 cases were received and not received systemic anti-CMV treatment; the treatment status was unknown in 6 cases and 6 eyes. After treatment, 18 eyes of 17 cases were followed up. The follow-up time was 0.5-28 months. Results:There were no obvious abnormalities in the anterior segment examination of all the affected eyes; the vitreous body was transparent. The fundus lesions were less than 1 optic disc diameter (DD), and they were white granular, clustered, with blurred edges. Among them, there were granular satellite lesions around the lesion in 18 eyes (81.8%, 18/22). The lesions were located in 19 eyes (86.4%, 19/22) in zone 2, 1 eye in zone 1 and 2 (4.5%, 1/22), and 2 eyes in zone 3 (9.1%, 2/22). In 18 eyes that underwent OCT examination, 12 eyes failed to obtain image data because the lesion was not in the conventional scanning range; the other 6 eyes showed the inner or full retina thickened or atrophy depression, structural destruction, accompanied by local vitreous punctate strong reflection. Among the 17 patients who underwent blood CMV-DNA testing, 1 (5.9%, 1/17) and 16 (94.1%, 16/17) cases were CMV-DNA negative and positive, respectively. The 7 eyes that underwent the CMV-DNA test of aqueous humor were all negative. Among the 18 eyes who were followed up, the lesions did not expand, and gradually subsided and absorbed in 4 eyes (22.2%, 4/18); the varying degrees of lesion enlargement in 14 eyes (77.8%, 14/18).Conclusion:The patients with AIDS and CMVR at the initial stage have no obvious ocular symptoms; the fundus shows white granular lesions less than 1 DD with blurred edges.

Objective : To study the protective effect of polydatin on lipopolysaccharide-induced injury of human umbilical vein vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) through the protein Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) / signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 ( STAT3) signaling pathway． Methods : HUVECs were cultured in vitro，and 500 ng / ml LPS induced their injury and set as a model group ; based on the model group，endothelial cells were intervened with different concentrations ( 10，20，and 40 μmol / L ) of polydatin for 24 h，and set as polydatin low concentration group，polydatin medium concentration group，and polydatin high concentration group，respectively ; a control group was set as another group．CCK-8，monocyte-endothelial cell adhesion，scratch and Transwell assays were used to detect cell viability，adhesion，migration and invasive ability ; ELISA was used to detect interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels in the cell supernatant ; Western blot was used to detect the expression of proteins related to the JAK2 / STAT3 signaling pathway levels of JAK2 / STAT3 signaling pathway relat- ed proteins. Results : Compared with the control group，the model group showed decreased cell survival ( P < 0. 01) ，increased cell adhesion，migration and invasion (P＜0. 001，P ＜0. 05，P ＜0. 01) ，increased levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in the cell supernatant (P＜0. 001) ，and increased levels of phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3 pro- teins in the cells (P＜0. 05) ．Compared with the model group，LPS damage to cells was attenuated after polydatin intervention，cell survival was increased in polydatin low －，medium － and high － concentration groups ( P < 0. 05) ，cell adhesion，migration，and invasion decreased (P＜0. 05，P＜0. 05，P＜0. 001) ，IL-6 and TNF-α levels in cell supernatants decreased (P＜0. 05) ，and the levels of cellular JAK2 and STAT3 protein phosphorylation lev- els decreased (P＜0. 05) ． Conclusion Polydatin seems to reduce the inflammatory injury of human umbilical vein endothelial cells induced by LPS，reducing the secretion of inflammatory factors，and inhibiting the ability of cell ad- hesion，migration and invasion，which may be related to the down-regulation of JAK2 / STAT3 signal pathway by polydatin.