BACKGROUND:The siphon of internal carotid artery is a complex of bending and surrounding structure, which has become a research hot in the field of medical imaging and regional anatomy. There is little research on the hemodynamics of internal carotid artery. Finite element analysis provides the basis for the related dynamics research. OBJECTIVE:To explicit the hemodynamic characteristics of the normal and stenosis internal carotid artery, and to explore the relevant influential factors. METHODS:Finite element model of the siphon of internal carotid artery was built based on 64-slice spiral CT data, and then, three-dimensional models were constructed using Mimics 10.01 software. There were simulations of the normal and post-stenosis blood flows with ANSYS 13.0 CFX software, to observe the changes of hemodynamics, and to analyze their characteristics and differences. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The normal blood flow at the siphon of internal carotid artery was in a laminar state, but rotation and turbulent flow formed at the two angle regions. The velocity of external bending zone was slower than that of the internal. The slower was the velocity, the more obvious was the turbulence. The wal shear force decreased at the angle regions, and the wal shear force of external bending zone was smal er than that of the internal. At the region of arterial stenosis, the blood flow was sped, and at the downstream, turbulent flow and low zone of wal shear force were formed. With the increase of stenosis severity, the turbulent flow and low wal shear force area were expanded. Central stenosis showed more obvious effects than the eccentric one. The degree of stenosis and bending at the siphon of internal carotid artery can directly influence the formation of turbulent flow and low wal shear force area, which are more obvious at the external bending zone and central stenosis.

According to the specialty characteristics of medical college and university and the reality of teaching on the analytic chemistry experiment,this article explored a new thought on teaching of analytic chemistry experiment for majors of medicine and pharmaceutics.By optimizing the course teaching system,enhancing the requirement of experience teaching,renewing the teaching contents and integrating basal experiment with integrated and designed experiment,we obtained good teaching effect.

BACKGROUND:Our previous studies have shown that a soft substrate has a significant effect on morphology and cytoskeleton of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel.
OBJECTIVE:To explore the effect of polyacrylamide gels as soft substrates with different elastic moduli on the chondrogenic differentiation of human synovial-derived mesenchymal stem cels.
METHODS:The synovium was harvested from patients with osteoarthritis under sterile conditions, and primary human synovial-derived mesenchymal stem cels were separated using limiting dilution assay. The flow cytometry and multi-directional differentiation experiments were used to identify the cel surface markers and function of the human synovial-derived mesenchymal stem cels, respectively. The polyacrylamide gels with the elastic modulus of 0.4, 6, 30 kPa, which were made using various amounts of acrylamide and bis-acrylamide, were used to culture human synovial-derived mesenchymal stem cels under induction with transforming growth factor-β1 for 7 and 14 days. RT-PCR was used to test the expression of chondrogenic genes, type II colagen gene and cartilage acidic protein 1. The 6-wel cel culture plates served as controls.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The human synovial-derived mesenchymal stem cels showed different cel morphology in the different elastic modulus of polyacrylamide gels. The expression of type II colagen gene and cartilage acidic protein 1 were affected by the different elastic modulus of polyacrylamide gels and culture time, and there was an interaction between these two factors. At 7 days of induction, the expression of cartilage acidic protein 1 gene on 6 kPa polyacrylamide gels was the highest (F=44.350,P=0.000); meanwhile, the expression of type II colagen gene on 0.4 kPa polyacrylamide gels was the highest (F=6.384,P=0.005). These findings indicate that polyacrylamide gels with lower elastic modulus are superior to routine culture plates to promote the chondrogenic differentiation of human synovial-derived mesenchymal stem cels.

ObjectiveTo test and verify whether Ba-alginate-Poly-L-Ornithine-Alginate microcapsules(B-PLO-A) can improve the physical properties and biocompatibility of the traditional BPA microcapsules.MethodsThe B-PLO-A and Ba-alginate-Poly-L-lysine-alginate（B-PLL-A） microcapsules were made by the static generator. The physical property of the microcapsules was evaluated by observing the morphological changes of the microcapsules in the hypotonic environment, changes in diameter of microcapsules in vitro culture and calculating broken microcapsules ratio by shaking method. The biocompatibility was observed by transplanting into peritoneal cavity of rat.ResultsB-PLO-A microcapsules are stronger and more stable in a hypotonic environment than B-PLL-A microcapsules. After 96 h mechanism shaking, the unbroken microcapsules ratio of B-PLO-A and B-PLL-A microcapsules were (99.3±1.0)% and (96.2±1.5)% respectively. The microcapsules were retrieved from peritoneal cavity of rat at 2, 4 and 8 weeks after transplantation, most of the microcapsules were of integrity, rotundity, and surface smooth without obviously bundled by connective tissue. 8 weeks after transplantation the intact microcapsules ratio of B-PLO-A and B-PLL-A microcapsules were (97.3±2.1)% and (95.4±2.4)% respectively.ConclusionB-PLO-A microcapsules as a whole have bettermechanical strength compared with B-PLL-A microcapsules, while maintaining a good biocompatibility.

Objective To reconstruct tissue-engineered 3D bronchial model using human bronchial epithelial cells and human embryo lung fibroblast as seeding cells, and liquid collagen mixed Matrigel as scaffold. Methods Human bronchial epithelial cells and human embryo lung fibroblast were mixed with liquid collagen supplementing with matrigel and casted in 12-wells plate to reconstruct cells-collagen sheet. Macroscopic observation, phase-contrast microscopy observation, routine HE staining and immunohistochemistry staining(CK ets) were employed to assess the engineered 3D model. Results We reconstructed engineered 3D bronchial model successfully in vitro by tissue engineering techniques and exerted static stretch onto the collagen sheet. From Macroscopic observation, we gained contracted well sheet. We also observed network structure in phase-contrast microscopy meanwhile the viability of cells was fine. HE staining showed the formation of 3D network structure. The immunohistochemistry staining of CK and Vimentin were positive.Conclusion We reconstructed engineered 3D bronchial model successfully in vitro and seeding cells could implement polarity growing in the scaffold materials then gained the network structure.

Objective To explore the effects of silver needle with systematical on shoulder-hand syndrome (SHS) after stroke. Methods 80 stroke patients with SHS were randomly divided into silver needle group (obsevation group) and body acupuncture group (control group) with 40 cases each group. Both groups received same rountine treatment and rehabilitation exercises after acupuncture. The color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) was used to measure the velocity of blood flow of the upper limbs, and the Fugl-Meyer Assessment was used to assess motor function of the upper limbs after 3 weeks. Results There was no significant difference between 2 groups before and 1 months after treatment (P>0.05), but there was significant difference 3 and 6 months after treatment (P<0.01). The velocity of blood flow of ulnar artery,radial artery, ulnar veins, radial veins and middle finger digital artery were higher in the observation group than in the control group (P<0.01). Conclusion The silver needle combined with systematical rehabilitation can improve the velocity of blood flow of artery and veins of upper limb, and improve the motor function of upper limb.

OBJECTIVE:To study the chemical constituents in the chloroform extract of Fructus Canarii. METHODS:The chloroform extract of Fructus Canarii was isolated and purified by MCI,Toyopearl HW-40F,reverse-phase C18,Sephadex LH-20 column. The structure of compounds was analyzed and identified by physicochemical properties and spectral data(mass spectrum, hydrogen spectrum and carbon spectrum). RESULTS:Eight compounds were isolated from chloroform extract of Fructus Canarii, namely Dihydrophaseicacid-3′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(1),3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid(2),3-O-galloylquinic acid(3),Gallic acid (4), Ethyl gallate(5), Scopoletin(6), Dllagic acid-4-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside(7) and Isocorilagin(8). CONCLUSIONS:Compounds 1,2 and 7 were firstly obtained from Fructus Canarii. The study lays foundation for quality evaluation of Fructus Canarii.

OBJECTIVETo investigate whether inhibition of phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) is protective against liver ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) in mice and to explore its possible mechanism.

METHODSLiver IRI was established in C57BL6/J mice by inducing 90 minutes of ischemia in the left/middle liver lobe followed by 6 hours of reperfusion. To investigate the role of PTEN in hepatic IRI, a subset of these mice received pre-treatment with the specific PTEN inhibitor bpv(HOpic), which was injected intraperitoneally at 2 hours prior to the ischemia insult. Serum alanine aminotransferase (sALT) levels were measured and liver histology was assessed in all mice. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-12p40 and TNFa were detected by real-time PCR. The expression of p-AKT and p-ERK in liver tissues was analyzed by Western blotting.

RESULTSThe IRI group pre-treated with bpv(HOpic) showed significantly lower sALT values (3 075.0 +/- 807.4 U/L vs. IRI without pre-treatment: 11 460.0 +/- 1 783.0 U/L, P less than 0.01) and more well-preserved liver architecture. The expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines was inhibited markedly by the administration of bpv(HOpic); for IRI without pre-treatment vs.IRI pre-treated with bpv(HOpic), the IL-12 levels were 1.12 +/- 0.11 vs .0.55 +/- 0.13 ( P less than 0.01) and the TNFa levels were 1.62 +/- 0.20 vs. 0.35 +/- 0.07 ( P less than 0.01). Western blot analysis showed that the hepatic expression of both p-AKT and p-ERK was enhanced obviously in mice pretreated with the PTEN inhibitor.

CONCLUSIONPTEN inhibition alleviates hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury via the up-regulation of pro-survival signaling mediated by p-AKT and p-ERK as well as the inhibition of hepatic inflammation. PTEN may represent a useful target for the treatment of liver IRI.

Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Liver ; blood supply ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; PTEN Phosphohydrolase ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism ; Reperfusion Injury ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction

Objective To analyze the status of information release and the ability to identify public needs for hypertension prevention and control information in Shanxi and Hebei areas. Methods A systematic data collection method was used to obtain various information about hypertension prevention and control published in Shanxi and Hebei provinces. Based on the Delphi method, sensitive and evaluation indicators for the tertiary prevention of hypertension were determined. To evaluate the degree to which public needs were met in the two areas, the authority, timeliness, continuity, systematicness, and credibility of identifying public needs were calculated. Results The release of information on hypertension prevention and control in Shanxi and Hebei lagged behind that in World Health Organization (WHO) for 2 and 27 years, respectively, and this was mainly carried out by research institutes, with no response from professional associations and government agencies. Information on primary and secondary prevention was first released in 1980 in Shanxi province, while primary prevention information was first released in 2005 in Hebei province. Regarding hypertension prevention and treatment, Shanxi province could meet 6.11% of the public need, and Hebei province could meet 3.57% of it. The five dimensions of authority, timeliness, continuity, systematicness, and credibility of identifying the public need were 11.34%, 25.29%, 0, 50.31%, and 0 in Shanxi province, and 6.86%, 14.54%, 0, 50.00%, and 0 in Hebei province, respectively. Conclusions The ability to identify the public need for information on hypertension prevention and control in Shanxi and Hebei provinces is relatively low. Relevant departments should take measures to enhance the two‐way communication of information and improve the public's knowledge and participation.

Objective: To systematically evaluate the effectiveness of epidermal growth factor (EGF) in treating patients with inhalation injury by meta analysis. Methods: Databases including PubMed, Cochrance Library, and Embase were searched using key words " inhalation injury, smoke inhalation injury, epidermal growth factor, and EGF" , and Chinese Journals Full-text Database, China Biology Medicine disc, VIP Database, and Wanfang Database were searched using key words in Chinese version "吸入性损伤,表皮生长因子" to obtain the randomized controlled trails about EGF published publicly in the treatment of patients with inhalation injury from the establishment of each database to December 2017. The measurement indexes included content of total protein and albumin, colloid osmotic pressure (COP), the number of total cells, percentages of neutrophils, lymphocytes, and fibroblasts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), the time of disappearance of pulmonary symptoms, the time of exfoliation of necrotic mucous membrane, the time of removal of tracheal tube, the amount of respiratory secretions, and the incidence of lung infection. Meta-analysis was conducted by RevMan 5.3 statistical software. Results: A total of 6 trials involving 375 patients were included, with 182 patients in group EGF who received EGF treatment and 173 patients in conventional treatment group who received conventional treatment. All of the 6 trails had unclear risk of bias. The content of total protein and albumin and COP in BALF of patients in group EGF were lower than those in conventional treatment group, with standardized mean differences (SMDs) respectively -9.37, -26.77 , and -8.13 [with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) respectively -14.11--4.63, -41.85--11.69, -9.54--6.73, P<0.001]. The number of total cells and percentages of neutrophils and lymphocytes in BALF of patients in group EGF were lower than those in conventional treatment group, while the percentage of fibroblasts in BALF of patients in group EGF was higher than that in conventional treatment group, with SMDs respectively -20.22, -13.08, -12.28, 2.99 (with 95% CIs respectively -22.27--17.66 , -14.76--11.40, -13.86--10.70, 2.48-3.50, P<0.001). The time of disappearance of pulmonary symptoms, the time of exfoliation of necrotic mucous membrane, and the time of removal of tracheal tube of patients in group EGF were shorter than those in conventional treatment group, with SMDs respectively -1.05, -1.22 , -1.11 (with 95% CIs respectively -1.36--0.74, -1.54--0.91, -1.39--0.82, P<0.001). The amount of respiratory secretions of patients in group EGF was lower than that in conventional treatment group, with SMD -1.44 (with 95% CI -1.90--0.98, P<0.001). The incidence rate of pulmonary infection of patients in group EGF was lower than that in conventional treatment group, with relative risk 0.46 (with 95% CI 0.24-0.89, P<0.05). There may be publication bias in the content of total protein, albumin, and COP in BALF (P<0.05), while the time of disappearance of pulmonary symptoms, the time of exfoliation of necrotic mucous membrane, and the time of removal of tracheal tube showed no significant publication bias (P>0.05). Conclusions Conventional treatment combined with EGF therapy can reduce respiratory inflammation of inhalation injury, promote restoration of respiratory epithelium, shorten the time of removal of tracheal tube, reduce the incidence of pulmonary infection of patients, and therefore has good effect on inhalation injury.